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1、Unit 1 People of AchievementDiscover useful structuresunit 1复习定从概念复习定从概念定语从句定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句，其作用相当于形容词。先行词先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。关系词关系词：引导定语从句的词。The woman who is awarded the Nobel prize is Tu Youyou.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句who关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 who,whom,which,that,whose,aswhere,when,why指代先行词指代先行词在定语从句中
2、担任成分在定语从句中担任成分引导定语从句引导定语从句关系词的作用关系词的作用先行词先行词在从句中所作成分在从句中所作成分关系代词关系代词人人主主宾宾物物主主宾宾who/thatwho/whom/that/省略省略that/whichthat/which/省略省略 whose 在从句中作在从句中作定语定语,修饰人或物，意为修饰人或物，意为“的的”，可换作，可换作 the+名词名词+of whom/which。A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.(孤儿孤儿)They live in a house,_ windows face south.
3、whosewhoseThey live in a house,the windows _ _ face south.They live in a house,_ _ the windows face south.of whichof which关系词的选择关系词的选择看在从句中所做成分看在从句中所做成分看指代人或物看指代人或物先行词先行词主语主语 用用who/that宾语宾语 用用who/whom/that/省略省略主语主语 用用which/that人人物物宾语宾语 用用which/that/省略省略1.The earthquake _ shook the city in 1906 was t
4、he biggest in American history.2.We dont know the number of people_ lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.3.The house _they built in 1987 is still very new.4.The boy _father is a teacher is very clever.5.Luckily none of the people _I know were killed.6.Can you see the woman _ is speaking at the st
5、age?7.I dont know the woman _ my mother is speaking to.8.Have you heard of the accident _ happened this morning?9.Have you found the bike _ you lost?10.Can you see the lady _ hair is brown?which/thatwho/thatwhich/that/省略whosewho/whom/省略who/thatwho/whom/that/省略which/thatwhich/that/省略whose先行词先行词在从句中所作
6、成分在从句中所作成分关系副词关系副词时间名词时间名词时间状语时间状语 地点名词地点名词地点状语地点状语 reason reason原因状语原因状语whywhenwhere=介词介词+whichThis is the park_ I played football.This is the library_ I borrow books.I remember the day _ I join the PartyThe reason_he refused the invitationThis is the park _I played football.This is the library _ I
7、 borrow books.I remember the day _ I join the Party.The reason _ he refused the invitation.wherein whichwherefrom whichwhenon whichwhyfor which1.This is the reason _ she cried.This is the reason _ he explained to us.2.This is the factory_ we visited lat time.This is the factory_ we visited the equip
8、ment last time.3.I still remember the day _ we met Tom.I still remember the day _ we spent together.不是看到先行词为地点就用不是看到先行词为地点就用where，看到时间就用，看到时间就用when,看到原因就用看到原因就用why。whywhich/that/省略wherewhich/that/省略whenwhich/that/省略重点是分析先行词在定语从句中的成分！抽象地点名词+关系副词where 当先行词是case,area,stage,degree,point,situation,atmosp
9、here,environment,condition,race等抽象地点名词时用where。1.Ive come to the point _ I cant stand him.2.The country is in the situation _a war will break out at any time.wherewhere介词后关系代词的选择：指人用whom,指物用指物用which1)This is the school in _ you will study.2)I have no money with _ I can buy a dictionary.3)This is the
10、teacher from _ youll learn English.4)The gentleman about _ you told me just now proved to be a thief.whichwhichwhomwhom如何确定关系代词前的介词？1.与先行词的搭配关系1)I will never forget the day _which I joined the army.2)I will never forget the year _which my son went to college.3)I will never forget the school _which I
11、 studied.4)He came to a farm,_which he finally settled(安顿).on in in on 2.与从句中谓语动词、形容词的搭配的固定搭配1)Have you found the book _which I paid$29?2)Have you found the book _which I spent$29?3)Do you know the man _whom she often talks?4)The West Lake,_ which Hangzhou is famous,is a beautiful place.for onabout
12、for关系副词3.根据句子的意思来确定1)Air,_ which man cant live,is really important.空气非常重要，没有了它人类便不能生存。2)This is the man _ whom my brother has worked for ten years.这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那个人。withoutwith限制性定语从句限制性定语从句补充补充必要必要信息或信息或先行词不明确先行词不明确The dentist(牙医)who treated me is my uncle.He is a person who is really warm-hearted
13、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句补充补充额外额外信息或信息或先行词先行词具体，清楚具体，清楚，不会造成误解，不会造成误解 My uncle is a dentist,who plays tennis every day.The Peking University,which is the cornerstone for higher education,is the dream school for many students.Tom works for a company which makes computer.Tom told me about his new job,which he
14、is not enjoying.We met some people whose car had broken down.Sam,whose car had broken down,was in a bad mood.My sister Mary,who lives in Nanjing,is a journalist.The woman who lives next door is a journalist.who/whomwho/whomwhichwhich 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句whose whosewherewhereWhat is the nam
15、e of the place where you went on holiday?Jane has just been to Shanghai,where her dad lives.no commas 没有逗号The dentist who treated me is my mas 有逗号My uncle is a dentist,who plays tennis.who/which/that 做从句宾语时可省略The medicine(which/that)the doctor gave me should be taken twice a day.关系词无论做什么都不可省略The wom
16、an who lives next door is a journalist.关系词指代先行词Tom is looking for a good restaurant,which takes her quite some time.可指代先行词，也可指代整个主句有why/that 无why/that Tom told me about his new job,which he is not enjoying.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1.As everyone knows,China is a country with a long history.2.She
17、 is a great hero,as is described in the report.3.He invited me to dinner,which made me very happy.(1)as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时可代替整个主句。(2)as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的位置不同:as引导的定语从句可置于_，而which引导的非限制性定语从句不可放在_。(3)as引导的定语从句有“_的意思，而which指“_”句首、句中句首，只能放在句中关系词as和which的区别正如.这.as,which引导非限制性定语从句的区别引导非限制性定语从句的区别aswhich指代指
18、代引导的从句只能引导的从句只能指代整个指代整个主句的内容主句的内容引导的从句既可指代引导的从句既可指代整个主句的整个主句的内容内容，又可指代主句的又可指代主句的某一名词某一名词或代词或代词位置位置可位于可位于主句之前、之中主句之前、之中或之后或之后可位于主句可位于主句之中或之后之中或之后，不能位于主句之前不能位于主句之前意义意义“正如，就像正如，就像”“这，那这，那”功能功能起连接上下文的作用，表起连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或并指出主句内容的根据或出处等出处等引导的从句引导的从句，在意义上相当于一在意义上相当于一个并列句个并列句 as
19、as 常见搭配常见搭配 as is known to all；as you know as is expected as we expected as has been mentioned aboveas is reported/saidas a famous saying goesas is pointed out as you can see=as can be seen as is often the casen众所周知n正如你所知道的那样n正如所预料的那样 n正如我们所期待的n正如上面所提到的 n正如报道/所说的那样n正如一句谚语所说/俗话说n正如指出的 n正如你所看见的 n n 情况
20、通常如此正如大家所看到的那样，她工作一直很努力。She is always working hard，_ everyone can see.这本书很有教育意义，是我昨天买的。The book，_ I bought yesterday,is very instructive.她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。_ everyone can see,she is honest.=She is honest，_ everyone can see.众所周知，吸烟有害健康。_ we all know，smoking is harmful to ones health.汤姆突然病倒了，这让我们很伤心。Tom suddenly fell ill，_ made us very sad.aswhichAsasAswhich总结限定修饰作用限定修饰作用补充信息作用补充信息作用先行词具体、明确先行词具体、明确先行词抽象、模糊先行词抽象、模糊没逗号没逗号有逗号有逗号各种关系词都可用各种关系词都可用that,why 不可用不可用关系代词作宾语可省略关系代词作宾语可省略关系代词任何情况不可省略关系代词任何情况不可省略关系词指代先行词关系词指代先行词关系词既可指先行词，也可指代整个主句关系词既可指先行词，也可指代整个主句