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1、专项一 词汇 重难点10 非谓语动词1.动词不定式1.1.动词不定式的形式:基本形式为“to+动词原形”，否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。例 Its important not to be late for class.上课不迟到是非常重要的。1.2.动词不定式的功能（1)动词不定式作状语。作状语时，一般在句中作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。例We need more money to improve transport in London.我们需要更多的钱来改善伦敦的交通状况。（2)动词不定式作主语。常用it作形式主语，真正作主语的不定式后置。常用句型为“It is+adj.+(of/
2、for sb.) to do sth.”。例Its not easy to find your way around the town.在这个小镇上要找到路很不容易。（3)动词不定式作宾语。常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like/want to 想要 agree to同意 afford to 负担得起hope/wish to 希望 decide to决定 promise to 承诺continue to 继续 expect to 期望 refuse to 拒绝（4)动词不定式作宾语补足语。常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词：tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事 warn
3、 sb.to do sth.警告某人做某事invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事 allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事 advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事（5)动词不定式作定语。作定语时常放在修饰词后，作后置定语。例I cant think of any good advice to give her.我想不出任何好的建议给她。（6)动词不定式作表语。常放于be动词后。例My job is to look after the baby.我的工作是照顾这个婴儿。1.3.“疑问词动词不定式
4、”结构动词不定式可以与疑问代词who,whom,what,which,whose 及疑问副词when,where,how等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。I didnt know how to get back to the village.我不知道怎样回到村子。1.4.常见省略to的动词不定式结构had better do sth.最好做某事 would rather do sth.宁愿做某事cannot but do sth.只好做某事 Why(not)do sth.?为什么（不）做某事？2. 动名词2.1.动名词的功能（1)动名词作动词的宾语。常接动
5、名词作宾语的动词（短语）有：enjoy喜欢 finish 完成 keep(on)保持 mind介意advise 建议 suggest 建议 practice 练习 admit 承认feel like 想要 cant help 禁不住 imagine 想象 avoid 避免（2)作介词的宾语。介词后用动名词作宾语。例After eating in her restaurant people would become tired very quickly.顾客在她的餐馆里吃过饭以后，很快就会感到疲乏。（3)动名词作定语。置于被修饰词之前，表明被修饰词的用途、性质等。例She is in the w
6、aiting room.她在候车室。例Lets buy a washing machine.我们买台洗衣机吧。（4)动名词作主语。表示一种概念、习惯或经验，常用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句尾。It is fun playing computer games.玩电脑游戏很有趣。（5)动名词作表语。例His favorite sports is playing basketball.他最喜欢的运动是打篮球。2.2.动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别部分动词后接动词不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大。remember to do sth.记得去做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事fo
7、rget to do sth.忘记去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事regret to do sth.遗憾去做某事（未做某事而遗憾）regret doing sth.后悔做了某事（做了某事而后悔）try to do sth.设法尽力做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事stop to do sth.停下当前事去做另一件事 stop doing sth.停止当前事3. 现在分词、过去分词分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。分词的句法功能如下：功能说明例句定语修饰语与被修饰词为主动关系或动作正在进行用现在分词；反之，为被动关系或动作已完成用过去分词。单个分词作定语放在所修饰
8、词前，分词短语作定语放在修饰词后。For example,there are already robots working in factories.例如，已经有机器人在工厂里工作了。He is a man loved by all.他是一个受大家爱戴的人。状语与主语为主动关系用现在分词；与主语为被动关系用过去分词。Being ill,she stayed at home.因为病了，所以她待在家里。Given another hour,I can also work out this problem.再给我一个小时，我也能做出这道题。补足语宾语与补足语为主动关系或表示动作正在进行用现在分词；宾
9、语与补足语为被动关系、动作已完成或动作他人完成用过去分词。Dont have the students studying all day.不要让学生们整天学习。He found his hometown greatly changed.他发现他的家乡变化很大。 非谓语动词是历年中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为24分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非谓语动词的能力。中考考查重点： 1. 动词不定式；2. 动名词；3. 分词（现在分词和过去分词）。 非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要包括不
10、定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。典例解析1（2022四川广安统考中考真题）They need to _ (筹集) enough money to build a new school.【答案】raise【详解】句意：他们需要筹集足够的资金来建造一所新学校。筹集：raise，need to do sth.“需要做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故填raise。2（2022西藏统考中考真题）If you re outgoing enough, youll find its not hard to _ _ (交朋友) with others.【答案】 make friends【详解】句意：如果你
11、足够外向，你会发现和别人交朋友并不难。make friends with sb.“与某人交朋友”；固定句型its+形容词+to do sth.“做某事是样的”。故填make；friends。3（2022安徽统考中考真题）Im afraid I might lose my best friend, and Ill try to r_ (修复) our relationship.【答案】(r)epair【详解】句意：我害怕我可能会失去我最好的朋友，我会努力修复我们的关系。repair“修复”，try to do sth“努力做某事”，故填(r)epair。一、单项选择1（2022贵州黔东南统考中考
12、真题）An old man _ on the side of the road was found _, and he was sent to the hospital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.Alies; diesBlay; diedClain; deadDlying; dying2（2022天津统考中考真题）The painting is really valuable to him. He will never agree _ it.AsellBsellsCsoldDto sell3（2022重庆统考中考真题）Mr. Br
13、own told his son not _ the paintings in the museum.AtouchBto touchCtouchingDtouched4（2022江苏连云港统考中考真题）Kitty, these books are _ heavy for you _ carry. Let me help you.AasasBtootoCsuchthatDsothat5（2022重庆统考中考真题）The new year is coming. Teachers encourage us _ new hobbies.AdevelopBdevelopingCto developDde
14、veloped6（2022江苏扬州统考中考真题）_ the people locked inside, the firemen broke down the door.AReachBTo reachCReachingDTo reaching7（2022江苏宿迁统考中考真题）Miss Li, can you tell me how to improve my writing skills?Certainly. I advise you _ a diary in English every day.Ato keepBkeepingCkeptDkeeps8（2022江苏连云港统考中考真题）We le
15、arned _ to work as a team by completing the task.AwhatBwhichChowDwho9（2022云南统考中考真题）If you want _ your pronunciation, keep on practicing every day.AimproveBimprovedCimprovingDto improve10（2022四川达州统考中考真题）The local government advises people _ to other places _ it is not necessary during the pandemic.At
16、ravel; unlessBto not travel; ifCnot to travel; unlessDnot to travel; if11（2022四川达州统考中考真题）Hurry up, Jason! Were going to the cinema, but the clothes still need _.Dont worry. I think thirty minutes _ enough.Awashing; areBto wash; areCto wash; isDwashing; is12（2022云南昆明统考中考真题）Boys and girls, good luck a
17、nd wish you _ good grades on your new journey!AcuttingBto cutCgettingDto get13（2022黑龙江绥化统考中考真题）Holly prefers playing the piano to _ the violin. Listen! She _ the piano in her room. Aplay; is playingBplaying; playsCplaying; is playing14（2022四川遂宁统考中考真题）The art festival is coming. Its a good chance to
18、show ourselves.You are very good at _. And you will be the most popular star.AsingingBsingCto singDsang15（2022内蒙古包头统考中考真题）Nancy didnt know anyone in the new school, so she decided to join an after-school club _ some new friends.Ato meetBmeetCmetDmeets二、用所给单词的正确形式填空16（2022甘肃定西统考中考真题）The teacher asked
19、 the students _ (circle) the correct answer.17（2022甘肃定西统考中考真题）More and more young people enjoy _ (read) poems.18（2022江苏淮安统考中考真题）Miss Gao is preparing a talk on how _ (solve) teenager problems.19（2022内蒙古包头统考中考真题）I remember _ my key into my bag, but now its not there! （put）20（2022上海统考中考真题）The journali
20、st hoped to _ the brave act of the fireman. （reporter）三、完成句子21（2022广东广州统考中考真题）凯特计划参加学校科学日活动。Kate was planning to _ _ _ the activities on the school Science Day.22（2022贵州贵阳统考中考真题）做往往比说更重要。_ something is usually more important than to say something.23（2022重庆统考中考真题）那位62岁的女士足够勇敢，从湖里救起了一位小伙子。（完成译句）The 62
21、-year-old lady was brave _ _ save a young man in the lake.24（2022辽宁鞍山统考中考真题）你所说的似乎有道理。What you said seems to _.25（2022贵州六盘水统考中考真题）初中生每天有9小时的睡眠时间是有必要的。Its _ for junior students _ sleep for 9 hours.四、单词填空26（2022江苏苏州统考中考真题）You cant make much progress in study without m_ your time well.27（2022四川自贡统考中考真题
22、）Mary lost the speech competition and she is unhappy. Lets go to c_ her up.28（2022四川统考中考真题）I was waiting for the bus when the rainstorm came and it began to r_ heavily.29（2022四川自贡统考中考真题）Wild animals are our friends. Its our duty to p_ them, for we cant live without them.30（2022广西贵港统考中考真题）Our teacher asked us to _ (描述) our friends in class yesterday.