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1、专项五 中考题型 重难点36 词汇运用1.词语运用之解题策咯 要做好词语运用题要求我们除了要进行大量的课外阅读,积累丰富的语言知识外,还需要掌握一定的解题技巧。1.1. 在拿到题目后,不要急于做试题,首先对备选的词汇研究几遍,对词性作简单的标记,同时对词义做初步的理解。1.2. 通读句子,语意完整、实用、合乎逻辑是做好填词的前提。通过理解句子语境,注意发现固定搭配关系,积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息,根据需要填出相应单词或短语的正确形式。1.3. 在填词过程中,需要深思熟虑,既要符合句子的含义,又要保证句式、结构的正确。例如,当选定一个名词时,要考虑是否要把它变成复数或所有格形式。在遇到动词时
2、,要有意识的去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化等等。为了便于记忆,试着记住下面的顺口溜:空前空后要注意,名词单复数要牢记,还有s不能弃,动词注意要变形,形副注意变三级,要填数词请留意,千万别忘基和序,填入代词需慎重,五格变化要谨记。1.4. 完成填词后,应通读句子,复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确,是否有时态语态惯用法的错误,以确保答案的正确性。词语运用是对学生的书面语言的基本功的考查,它不仅考查学生对单词的记忆能力,而且也考查学生对句子和特定语境中单词的正确形式的掌握。分析近几年的中考题型可以看出考查形式主要有单词拼写、词形转换、词语理解等。这一题型一般在中考中占5%10%的分值。
3、2.词语运用之解题注意事项下面就中考常见的四种题型分布详细阐述一下各个题型的做题策略和需要注意的地方。2.1.根据汉语提示完成句子。2.1.1. 首先要正确写出句子中所给汉语所对应的英语单词。2.1.2. 若有两个以上的词汇符合所给的汉语意思,则要根据具体语境及固定搭配进行取舍。2.1.3. 然后从语法角度确定英语词汇的适当形式。若填写的是名词,就要注意用名词的单数还是复数;若填写的是形容词、副词,就要注意是否需要用比较级和最高级的形式;如果是动词,就要注意它们的时态、语态等。2.2.用所给词的适当形式填空。该题型旨在考查考生的英语基础知识和综合运用英语的能力,通常所采用的解题步骤为:明确所给
4、词的词性弄清所给句子的意思确定空白处所需的词性正确写出所填的词。具体操作方法如下:2.2.1.首先,要认真阅读句子,正确理解句意。2.2.2.其次,要分析应填词在句中充当的句子成分,正确判断应填词的词性。2.2.3.再次,要判断所填词应采用的正确词性。若为名词,应注意其单复数、可数还是不可数及其所有格形式;若为动词,应注意其人称、数、时态、语态及非谓语动词形式;若为修饰语,应注意修饰名词或代词时用形容词,而修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句时要用副词;若为代词,注意代词的各种形式;若为形容词、副词,应注意等级变化;若为数词,要注意基数词与序数词的正确选择。2.3.按照首字母提示完成句子。2.3.1.
5、 读懂句意,确定单词。所缺的单词一定是句中的关键词,一般多为名词或动词等实词。 2.3.2. 瞻前顾后,确定形式。2.3.3. 检查所填单词的形式以及语法结构是否正确。2.3.4.根据语境或句意,从方框中选词或短语填空。2.3.5.该题型通常所采用的解题步骤为:明确所给词组或短语的含义弄清所给句子的意思确定空白处所需的单词或短语的意思正确选出所填的词或短语。1. 首先要正确写出句子中所给的汉语所对应的英语单词。2. 若有两个以上的词汇符合所给的汉语意思,则要根据具体语境及固定搭配进行取舍。3. 然后从语法角度确定英语词汇的适当形式。若填写的是名词,就要注意用名词的单数还是复数;若填写的是形容词
6、、副词,就要注意是否需要用比较级和最高级的形式;如果是动词,就要注意它们的时态、语态等。词汇是学习英语的基础,也是中考的高频考点之一。近几年来,许多省市的中考英语都非常重视考查考生在具体语境中运用词汇的能力。1. 命题特点:主要考查一些高频词汇(如名词、动词、形容词等);考查各类词形变化;考查六种时态的正确运用。2. 考查题型:(1)根据汉语提示完成句子;(2)用所给词的适当形式填空;(3)根据首字母提示完成句子;(4)选词填空。3. 题型分析:词语运用题主要考查学生对于不同语境下英语词形的掌握情况,如对于名词要考虑单数、复数、所有格等形式;对于动词要考查人称、时态、单复数、语态以及非谓语动词
7、等形式;对于代词,要考查代词的各种形式;对于形容词或副词,应注意比较等级的变化;对于修饰语,要注意用形容词修饰名词或代词,用副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子;这一题型还常考查近义词的辨析。4. 考点预测:我们要认识到题型是在变化的,我们的答题策略也应随之调整,但主要的考查内容是万变不离其宗,就是对英语基础知识和词语运用能力的考查。预计2019年中考将会加大对各类词汇的灵活运用及单词拼写能力的考查。典例解析1.(2022江苏宿迁统考中考真题)Natural resources are very important for us and we should use them_(明智地).【答案
8、】wisely【详解】句意:自然资源对我们很重要,我们应该明智地利用它们。由中文提示可知,英语中“明智地”是wisely,是一个副词,在句中修饰动词use,故填wisely。2(2022黑龙江统考中考真题)Hes very kind to others. He treats everyone with _(温暖).【答案】warmth【详解】句意:他对别人很好。他对每个人都很热情。根据“with”可知,其后需要名词作宾语,warmth“温暖”,不可数名词;故填warmth。一、完成句子1(2022湖北统考中考真题)习主席寄语青少年:“未来属于你们!你们要成为有理想,有本领,有担当的年轻人。”(
9、belong)President Xi told teenagers, “Future _ you. You are to be a person with ideals, ability and a strong sense of responsibility.”2(2022山东枣庄统考中考真题)But I know it is important _ _ a second language. 但是我知道再学一门语言是重要的。3(2022辽宁营口统考中考真题)你必须在下周五之前上交所有材料。You must _ all the materials before next Friday.4(2
10、022山东枣庄统考中考真题)I practice English and read books _ _.我在家里练习英语,阅读书籍。5(2022江苏淮安统考中考真题)到目前为止,数以千计的社会工作者已经完成了这项工作。_, thousands of social workers _ the work.6(2022辽宁营口统考中考真题)采取措施保护濒危动物对我们来说是极其必要的。Its quite necessary for us to _ to protect the animals in danger.7(2022湖北荆州统考中考真题)Look! Jack _ . Lets join him
11、.瞧!杰克正在踢足球,我们也去吧。(play)8(2022辽宁朝阳统考中考真题)别担心!一定有办法解决这个问题。Dont worry! _ some ways to solve the problem.9(2022山东枣庄统考中考真题)Many times I thought about giving up, but I _ _. 许多次我都想放弃,但我奋力坚持了下来。10(2022广东广州统考中考真题)凯特想知道她是否能为科学日做些事。Kate wondered _ _ _ _ something for the Science Day.11(2022广东广州统考中考真题)在科学老师的帮助下
12、,凯特小组的水火箭得以成功发射。With the help of the science teacher, the bottle rocket _ _ successfully by Kates group.12(2022甘肃定西统考中考真题)他过去特别安静。He _ _ be really quiet.13(2022甘肃定西统考中考真题)我们齐心协力就能创造更加美好的未来。Together, our actions can lead to a _ _.14(2022天津统考中考真题)我们在课上回答问题时应该起立。We should _ _ when we answer a question
13、in class.15(2022天津统考中考真题)我叫托尼史密斯,史密斯是我的姓。My name is Tony Smith and Smith is my _ _.二、根据首字母填空16(2022江苏苏州统考中考真题)You cant make much progress in study without m_ your time well.17(2022四川成都统考中考真题)Jiangnan, a famous area in China, has long been m_ in many Chinese poems for its beautiful style.18(2022四川成都统
14、考中考真题)Chinas railway network has grown to c_ most cities and the government is looking to build on it further.19(2022四川德阳统考中考真题)F_ is the sixth day of a week.20(2022山东泰安统考中考真题)There are 5 people waiting for Nucleic Acid Testing(核酸检测)in front of me. I am the s_ one.21(2022山东济宁统考中考真题)A_ is the fourth
15、month of the year.22(2022内蒙古中考真题)The study group discussed the problem again and again, and they f_ worked it out.23(2022四川德阳统考中考真题)Can I go shopping with John, mom? He just got his drivers license.No way! I dont think sixteen-year-olds should be a_ to drive.24(2022四川自贡统考中考真题)We must pay much attent
16、ion to our s_, so dont go swimming alone in the river.25(2022山东泰安统考中考真题)To make the villagers lives easier, our government will build a b_ over the river.26(2022浙江杭州统考中考真题)After finishing university, Tom came to China. Three years l_, he was able to speak good Chinese.27(2022四川德阳统考中考真题)Have you h_ t
17、hat Wang Qiang won a game yesterday?Yes, its a piece of good news.28(2022湖北随州统考中考真题)I usually go to bed at half p_ ten.29(2022山东日照统考中考真题)My friend gave me some a_ on how to keep a pet.30(2022四川自贡统考中考真题)Dont eat junk food. Its h_ to your health.三、根据汉语提示填空31(2022江苏苏州统考中考真题)Its necessary for teenagers
18、to learn how to spend their pocket money _(明智地).32(2022江苏苏州统考中考真题)The Tiangong space station is the _(骄傲)of all Chinese.33(2022江苏苏州统考中考真题)His parents hope he can follow his heart when he _(选择)his job.34(2022江苏连云港统考中考真题)Millie is helpful and she _ (与和睦相处) her classmates.35(2022云南统考中考真题)Visitors to Yu
19、nnan like to taste special dishes, such as flower cakes, Qiguo Chicken, _ and so on. (米线)36(2022云南统考中考真题)Teachers _ their students in order to help them make great progress. (对严格)37(2022江苏连云港统考中考真题)Check the answer on the Internet if you are _ (不确定) about it.38(2022浙江宁波统考中考真题)At a _ (一刻钟) past seven
20、 last night, I was watching a documentary about space.39(2022新疆统考中考真题)I _ (几乎不) travel. As you know, I dont have enough time.40(2022四川乐山统考中考真题)Fathers raise us and teach us to be strong and _ (勇敢的).41(2022四川乐山统考中考真题)Schools will start to teach cooking, cleaning and growing _ (植物) next term.42(2022广西柳州中考真题)The school _(日历)tells us the date of the school-leavers party.43(2022山东日照统考中考真题)The more you exercise, the _ (健康) you will be.