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1、专项一 词汇 重难点08 动词和动词短语1. 实义动词1.1.常考动词的用法辨析（1)look,see,watch,read的区别：单词用法look强调“看”的动作，单独使用时，用来引起对方的注意。see强调“看”的结果，意为“看见，看到”。watch强调“专注地看”，有欣赏的意味，常用于看电视、看球赛等。read专指“阅读”，用于读书、看报等。（2)take,spend,pay,cost的区别：动词用法take指“花费”时间，常用it作形式主语，用于“It takes sb.+时间动词不定式”结构。spend意为“花费”时，主语为人，用于“sb.spend+金钱时间on/(in)do-ing
2、 sth.”结构。pay意为“花费”时，主语为人，用于“sb.pay+金钱for sth.”结构。cost意为“花费”时，主语为物，用于“sth.cost sb.+金钱时间”结构。（3)borrow,lend,keep的区别：动词用法borrow“借入”，是非延续性动词，常用于borrow sth.from sb.结构。lend“借出”，是非延续性动词，常用于lend sb.sth./lend sth.to sb.结构。keep表示借某物多长时间，是延续性动词。（4)wear,put on,dress的区别：动词用法wear侧重“穿着”的状态，后可接表示颜色、服装的名词。put on侧重“穿”
3、的动作，是非延续性动词短语。dress后接人作宾语，即 dress sb.结构，意为“给某人穿衣服”。（5)arrive,reach,get的区别：动词用法arrive是不及物动词，后接宾语时需要加介词in(大地方），at(小地方）。reach是及物动词，后面可以直接加宾语。get是不及物动词，后需接介词to,再加宾语。1.2.及物动词和不及物动词（1)及物动词：可接单宾语、双宾语和复合宾语结构。When someone gives me money, I feel they dont think at all.give 后接双宾语（间接宾语直接宾语）当有人给我钱时，我感觉他们根本就没有思考。
4、We elected him monitor of our class.elect后接复合宾语（宾语宾补）我们选他当我们班的班长。（2)不及物动词：不及物动词后面一般不可以直接接宾语，但有时不及物动词和介词或副词一起使用，构成动词短语，此时其后可以接宾语。What will happen without electricity?没有电，会发生什么？Im waiting for the bus.我正在等公交车。1.3.延续性动词和非延续性动词（1)延续性动词表示一种可持续的行为过程或状态，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。而非延续性动词表示行为或过程在短暂瞬间内完成，不可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
5、The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已经开始10分钟了。The film began ten minutes ago.电影10分钟之前就开始了。（2)延续性动词和非延续性动词的转换：非延续性动词延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词leavebe awayborrowkeephavebegin/startbe onbuydiebe deadfinishbe overbecomebeput onwear2. 系动词连系动词指连接主语和表语的动词，主要用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征或状态。连系动词只有主动形式。分类例词表示感官look 看起来 sound听起来
6、taste 尝起来 smell闻起来 feel摸起来表示状态、变化等be是 keep(使保持 turn 变成 get 变得 remain 依然 prove 证明是go 变得 grow 逐渐变得 appear 显得 seem看起来 become 变得例I like soft and gentle music. It sounds nice.我喜欢柔和的音乐。这种音乐听起来不错。3. 助动词助动词本身没有词义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等，帮助构成否定、疑问、强调或省略等。3.1.助动词be的用法be用作助动词和用作连系动词一样，有人称、数和时态的
7、变化，主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。例They asked me what I was doing all afternoon.他们问我整个下午一直在做什么。A new plan was put up at the meeting.会上提出了一个新计划。3.2.助动词 have的用法助动词have在句中有人称、数和时态的变化，主要与过去分词一起构成各种完成时态或完成进行时态。They have been waiting for you for two hours.他们等了你两个小时了。He has lived in Beijing since he was born.自出生以来，他就住在北京
8、。3.3.助动词do的用法助动词do也有人称、数和时态的变化，主要帮助实义动词构成否定句、疑问句。有时可以放在动词原形前起强调作用。例He didnt go to see the film last Sunday.上周日他没去看电影。例 I did telephone you last night.昨晚我确实给你打过电话。用在动词原形前，起强调作用4.动词短语词义理解考点4.1.动词介词deal with 处理worry about 担心care about 关心stick to 坚持look after 照顾wait for 等待agree with 赞同，同意knock at敲击look
9、for 寻找pay for 支付ask for 请求depend on依赖，取决于leave for动身前往lead to导致，引起take after.与相像suffer from 遭受laugh at 嘲笑complain about 抱怨grow up 长大look into 调查look through 浏览keep on保持，继续keep to 保持call in来访go on 继续belong to属于look like 看起来像learn about 了解hear from.收到(信）hear of 听说4.2.动词副词（1)put+副词put on增加（体重），穿上put up
10、张贴，举起put off 推迟put away收起来，放好put down放下，记下put out 熄灭put in 安装put through 完成.（2)give+副词give out分发.give up放弃give in 屈服give away 赠送，泄露（秘密）give off发出，放出.（3)turn+副词turn up 调高turn on打开turn off 关闭turn out原来是，证明是，结果是turn down 调低.（4)take+副词take up 占用，从事take off脱下，起飞take away 带走take down 写下take over 接管take ba
11、ck 拿回（5)set+副词set off 出发set up成立，建立set out 出发，动身（6)come+副词come out 出版，开花come over 过来come about发生，产生come on 加油come up上来，上升come true 实现（7)get+副词get over 克服get to到达get in 进入get off 下车get away 逃离get on 上车（8)look+副词look over 检查 look up 查阅 look out 当心，小心（9)动词upcheer up 使振作起来pick up 捡起fix up修理eat up吃光clean
12、 up 清除，清理stay up 熬夜hurry up 快点儿dress up 盛装打扮make up 编造，弥补，组成wake up 叫醒call up 打电话cut up 切碎（10)其他hand in上交keep off 回避find out 查明，找出work out算出，解决call off 叫走cut down 砍倒run out用完，耗尽show off 炫耀knock off碰掉，撞倒try on 试穿throw away 扔掉go by经过，时光流逝send for 派人去请move away 搬走drop in顺便来访4.3.动词副词介词come up with提出，想出k
13、eep up with跟上，赶上look up to 尊敬speak highly of.对评价高look forward to 期待，盼望run away from 逃离keep away from 远离get along with.与相处look down on看不起，轻视look out for 当心，提防.4.4.动词名词介词take care of.照顾 take pride in.对感到自豪make friends with.和交朋友 pay attention to 注意，留心4.5.动词形容词介词be harmful to.对有害 be afraid of.害怕 动词是用来描述
14、主语的动作行为或状态的一类词。动词在句中作谓语，用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么。动词有不同的形式，这些形式体现了动作发生的时间、语态等信息。中考对动词的考查方式灵活、题型多样。在备战2020年中考时，考生要牢记近义动词及动词短语的不同含义，多做练习，在实践中加以区分。中考考查重点：1. 动词辨析；2. 动词短语辨析。典例解析1（2022江苏南通统考中考真题）Our school held a sports meeting yesterday. (改为否定句)Our school _ _ a sports meeting yesterday.【答案】 didnt hold【详解】句意：
15、我们学校昨天举行了运动会。原句是一般过去时，变否定句需借助于助动词didnt，其后跟动词原形。held的原形为hold。故填didnt；hold。2（2022辽宁盘锦统考中考真题）当鲍勃 (Bob) 到家时，他的姐姐正在做家务。_【答案】When Bob got / arrived home / reached his home, his sister was doing housework (chores). / His sister was doing housework (chores), when Bob got / arrived home / reached his home. /
16、 Bob got / arrived home / reached his home, while his sister was doing housework (chores). / While his sister was doing housework (chores), Bob got / arrived home / reached his home.【详解】到家：arrive / get / reach home；他的姐姐：his sister；做家务：do housework / chores。结合语境可知，该句的两个动作“到家”和“做家务”分别属于非延续性动词和延续性动词，且动
17、作发生于过去，所以可以使用when或while引导的时间状语从句。“到家”这个动作使用一般过去时，“做家务”这个动作使用过去进行时。需要注意的是，when可以跟非延续性动词和延续性动词，但是while后一般只跟延续性动词。故填When Bob got / arrived home / reached his home, his sister was doing housework (chores). / His sister was doing housework (chores), when Bob got / arrived home / reached his home. / Bob g
18、ot / arrived home / reached his home, while his sister was doing housework (chores). / While his sister was doing housework (chores), Bob got / arrived home / reached his home.3（2022江苏扬州统考中考真题）不用时，请关掉电灯、电视和电脑。_【答案】Please turn off the lights, the TV and the computer when they are not in use.【详解】句子是祈使
19、句，以动词原形开头，please“请”；关掉：turn off；电灯：the ligths；电视：the TV；电脑：the computer；当时候：when；be in use“在使用中”，从句主语是they“它们”，be动词用are，变否定句时在be动词后加not。故填Please turn off the lights, the TV and the computer when they are not in use.一、单项选择1（2022湖北武汉统考中考真题）Laura spoke very slowly to people to _ what she would say. She
20、 just wanted to think about what others were feeling.AsurveyBweighCsupportDrepeat2（2022江苏无锡统考中考真题）Does the colour red represent good things in Chinese culture? Yes. But writing ones name in red is not good, and we usually _ it.AavoidBadviseCallowDaccept3（2022辽宁统考中考真题）Now we can “plant trees” at the
21、bottom of the sea. Its a new way to _ the sea.ApaintBprotectCcreateDdescribe4（2022甘肃统考中考真题）On the traditional Chinese calendar, Qingming, meaning clear and bright, is on the fourth or fifth day of April.AfallsBjumpsCwalksDruns5（2022甘肃统考中考真题）He offered her a trip to Australia but she turned him down.
22、Arefused himBlooked at himChated himDinvited him6（2022辽宁丹东统考中考真题）Eric tried to _ why he was late for work, but his manager didnt believe him.AwarnBexplainCimagineDmean7（2022江苏扬州统考中考真题）In such cheerful conversation, the time _ all too quickly.Awent upBwent downCwent byDwent back8（2022海南统考中考真题）Its sai
23、d that the Shenzhou-14 astronauts will say hello to us on Mid-Autumn Day.Wonderful! Im _ it.Agetting along withBstaying away fromClooking forward to9（2022湖北武汉统考中考真题）During the Tang dynasty (唐朝), nearly everything produced in the world _ on the streets of Changan.Ais foundBhas been foundCwill be foun
24、dDcould be found10（2022北京统考中考真题）_ I take photos here?Sorry, you cant. Its not allowed in the museum.AMustBNeedCCanDWill11（2022湖北武汉统考中考真题）Alex, come down to play football. I cant. Mom said I _ clean my bedroom before doing anything else.Ahad toBwillCused toDcan12（2022天津统考中考真题）The book _ be Marys. We
25、can see her name on it.AneedBmustCcantDneednt13（2022江苏连云港统考中考真题）The public sign in the library means people _ smoke there.AcouldBmustCcouldntDmustnt14（2022四川成都统考中考真题）There is a new art museum in our city. You _ miss it. Thank you. I wont.AcantBmustCneednt15（2022河北统考中考真题）Do I have to hand in my repor
26、t now? Of course, you _. Were going to discuss it.AcanBcantCmustDmustnt16（2022江苏扬州统考中考真题）Protect your hearing. Dont wait until you _ hear a thing.AneedntBmustntCshouldntDcant17（2022四川达州统考中考真题）Who is playing the piano in the music room? Is it Mary?No, it _ be her. She has _ to Beijing on business.Aco
27、uldnt; beenBcant; goneCcant; beenDmustnt; gone18（2022四川达州统考中考真题） Exercising is good for our health. Youre right. So Id rather _ an hours walk than _ in front of the computer.Ato take; sitBtake; sitCtake; sittingDto take; sitting19（2022四川泸州统考中考真题）Paul, have you tried this chicken? Its a special in Lu
28、zhou and has been introduced in the TV program A Bite of China. Yes, it _ hot but delicious.AeatsBlooksCtastesDsees20（2022贵州黔西统考中考真题）Neither Saturday nor Sunday_ OK because I will be quite busy these two days.AareBisCamDbe二、完成句子21（2022江苏常州统考中考真题）女足运动员们对自己要求非常严格，所以她们取得了很大的进步。Women football players we
29、re _.22（2022辽宁大连统考中考真题）坚持下去！如果你放弃了，你就真的失败了。Keep going! _.23（2022湖北荆州统考中考真题）My mom often _ Grandma Wang when she is in hospital.王奶奶住院时，我妈妈经常照看她。(take)24（2022湖北荆州统考中考真题）Look! Jack _ . Lets join him.瞧！杰克正在踢足球，我们也去吧。(play)25（2022广东广州统考中考真题）凯特想知道她是否能为科学日做些事。Kate wondered _ _ _ _ something for the Science
30、 Day.26（2022内蒙古通辽统考中考真题）无论我走到哪里，没有什么能把我和我的祖国分开。Wherever I go, nothing can make me _ _ my motherland.三、句型转换27（2022江苏南通统考中考真题）Every day the boy goes to school on foot to go green. (对划线部分提问)_ _ the boy go to school every day to go green?28（2022甘肃统考中考真题）Tom goes to school with his best friend every day. (对画线部分提问)_ _ Tom go to school with every day?29（2022重庆统考中考真题）I brush my teeth twice a day. （改为否定句）I _ my teeth twice a day.30（2022上海统考中考真题）The new robots help passengers with their luggage at this airport. （改为一般疑问句）_ the new robots _ passengers with their luggage at this airport?