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1、专项一 词汇 重难点05 形容词和副词1.形容词、副词词义辨析1.1.中考词义理解常考的形容词、副词active积极的angry 生气的alone单独，独自brave 勇敢的bright明亮的calm平静的，镇静的careful仔细的，认真的valuable 有价值的cheap便宜的comfortable 舒适的creative 创造（性）的crowded 拥挤的dangerous 危险的different不同的energetic充满活力的fresh 新鲜的expensive 昂贵的funny 有趣的healthy健康的honest诚实的humorous 幽默的hungry饥饿的importa
2、nt 重要的lonely孤单的，寂寞的loudly 大声地luckily 幸运地natural 自然的nervous 紧张的noisy吵闹的normal 正常的opposite对立的，相反的outgoing 外向的patient耐心的pleased快乐的quiet 安静的similar相似的simple简单的sleepy 困倦的special特殊的strange 奇怪的strict 严格的successful成功的suddenly 突然地traditional 传统的worried担心的1.2.-ing 形容词和ed形容词的区别ing形容词表示主动意义，一般修饰物，多指物对人的影响intere
3、sting 有趣的surprising 令人惊讶的tiring令人疲倦的ed形容词表示被动意义，主语一般是人，多指人对事物的感受。interested 感兴趣的surprised感到惊讶的tired感到疲惫的1.3.常见的频率副词辨析always意为“一直，总是”，相当于all the time,表示动作或状态从来没有间断过The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳总是东升西落。usually意为“通常”，即很少有例外often意为“常常，经常”，不如usually 那么频繁sometimes意为“有时”，表示动作偶尔发生s
4、eldom意为“很少，罕见，不常”She seldom showed her feelings.她很少表露自己的情绪。hardly意为“几乎不，几乎没有”He could hardly speak.他几乎说不出话来。never意为“从来不，从来没有”。Ive never seen her.我从未见过她。1.4.enough的用法enough 修饰形容词、副词时，要放在形容词、副词的后面；修饰名词时，放名词前后均可。例I am old enough to look after myself.我足够大了，能照顾好我自己。2. 形容词、副词的比较等级2.1.形容词、副词比较等级的构成(1)规则变化:
5、单音节和部分双音节词通常在词尾加-er, -est构成比较级和最高级。long- longer- longest tall- taller- tallest以不发音的e结尾的词只在词尾加-r，-st。large- -larger -largest late-later-latest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词则应先将y变为i,再加-er, -est。busy-busier-busiest easy-easier-easiest以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母的词，则双写这个辅音字母，再加-er, -estbig-bigger- biggest hot- -hotter- -hottest
6、多音节和部分双音节词在其前加more, most构成比较级和最高级。difficult -more difficult -most difficult quickly- more quickly -most quickly(2)不规则变化good/wellbetterbestmuch/manymoremostfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestlittlelessleast2.2.原级意义的表示“as+形容词副词原级as”表示双方在程度、特征等方面相等；“not as/so+形容词副词原级as”表示“不如”。The cake is as heavy as th
7、e stone.蛋糕和那块石头一样重。2.3.比较级意义的表示“形容词副词比较级than”表示一方超过或低于另一方的情况，意为“高于或低于”。Lucy is prettier than her sister.露西比她的妹妹漂亮。“比较级and+比较级”意为“越来越.”。More and more people are losing their jobs.越来越多的人失业。“the+比较级，the+比较级”常表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度平行增长，意为“越.越.”。The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心，犯的
8、错误就会越少。“the+比较级of the two(+名词）”表示“两者中较的”。Look at the two boys. Ben is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩，本是两个人中较高的那个。2.4.最高级意义的表示“the+最高级比较范围”表示“是中最的”。Who gets up the earliest of all in your dormitory?你们宿舍谁起得最早？“one of the+最高级复数名词”表示“最之一”。The river is one of the longest rivers in our country.这条河是我国最长河流之一。
9、比较级用于否定句或与never,nothing等否定词连用表示最高级含义。Ive never had a more pleasant trip before.我以前从未有过如此快乐的旅行。（这是最快乐的一次旅行）3. 形容词、副词比较等级的修饰语和复合形容词3.1.形容词、副词比较等级的修饰语常见的修饰原级的词有very,quite,so,too等。My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.我弟弟跑得这么快，以至于我追不上他。常见的修饰比较级的词有much,a lot,far,a little,a bit,even,still 等。I enj
10、oyed it far more than I expected.我喜欢的程度远远超出了原先的期望。常见的修饰最高级的词有by far,much,almost,nearly或序数词等。Watching matches was by far the most popular activity on Saturday afternoons.周六下午看体育比赛是目前为止最受欢迎的活动。3.2.复合形容词“基数词名词单数名词单数ed”或“基数词名词单数形容词”构成复合形容词。500-meter-long 500米长的four-storeyed4层楼的It is good to take a 15-mi
11、nute walk after supper.晚饭后散步15分钟是有好处的形容词是描述人或事物的特征、性质、属性及状态的一种词类，主要用来修饰名词或代词。对于形容词的考查多集中在三个方面：1. 形容词的比较等级；2. 形容词词义辨析；3. 形容词短语搭配。纵观近年各地市中考题，对在语言环境中考查形容词词义的题目有逐步增加的趋势。在学习过程中，要在识记形容词词义上多下功夫，同时兼顾比较等级的各种变化形式。副词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为24分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用副词的能力。中考考查重点：一、 形容词词义
12、辨析；二、形容词短语搭配； 三、副词的基本用法；四、副词的分类；五、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。1（2022浙江杭州模拟预测）That blue bike is 3000. This green one is only 200. Its much c_.【答案】(c)heaper【详解】句意：那辆蓝色的自行车是3000元。这个绿色的才200元。它便宜多了。根据“That blue bike is 3000. This green one is only 200.”以及首字母提示可知，此处说明绿色的比蓝色的便宜，cheap“便宜的”，空格前有much修饰，形容词用比较级形式，故填(c)heaper。
13、2（2022广西贺州统考二模）I am 1.8 meters high. So I am the t_ in my class.【答案】(t)allest【详解】句意：我身高1.8米。所以我是班上最高的。根据“I am 1.8 meters high.”以及“in my class”可知，此处是指在班里最高的。tall“高的”，其最高级形式为tallest“最高的”。故填(t)allest。3（2022四川自贡统考三模）Vatican is the t_ country in the world, and we cant even notice it on a map of the world
14、.【答案】(t)iniest【详解】句意：梵蒂冈是世界上最小的国家，我们甚至无法在世界地图上看到它。根据“we cant even notice it on a map of the world”可知这个国家无法在世界地图上看到它，说明它很小，tiny“微小的”，形容词，此处是指世界上最小的国家，应用形容词最高级，故填(t)iniest。一、单项选择1（2022黑龙江牡丹江统考中考真题）Recently, A Herbalists Manual(本草纲目) by Jay Chou is _ again and lots of people cant help dancing to it.Apo
15、pularBquietCstrange2（2022云南昆明统考中考真题）When I get home, it makes me feel comfortable to find everything in apple-pie order.AtidyBdirtyCcrowdedDcrispy3（2022江苏徐州统考中考真题）Why does John act so _? Look, hes speaking faster, his face becomes redder and you can almost see fire in his eyes.AhappilyBangrilyCcalml
16、yDsadly4（2022安徽合肥校考三模）It took me quite a lot of time to complete the papers.Me too! _, I spent more than a week on it.ASurelyBProbablyCLuckilyDActually5（2022江苏无锡江苏省锡山高级中学实验学校校考三模）During this hard time, it is _ to have plenty of food to eat.Yeah, I agree with you. We really shouldnt complain too much
17、.Agood enoughBtoo goodCbad enoughDtoo bad6（2022湖北武汉三模） Why couldnt I succeed by working so hard? Hard work _ isnt enough. You must use your brain, too.AeverBaloneConceDmainly7（2022江西吉安统考模拟预测）My head is very _ after I drink.In that case, dont drink anymore.ApainfulBsleepyCsmoothDmoving8（2022山东青岛校考二模）
18、The running exercise is so _ that I am not interested in it at all. Come on! Sometimes, patience is needed on the way to success.AboringBscaryCrelaxingDhealthy9（2022浙江温州校考三模）I cant be _! I have booked a hotel near Rock Town Music Park!Lucky you, its really difficult to get one now because of the mus
19、ic festival.Amore relaxedBmore excitedCmore anxiousDmore disappointed10（2022江苏扬州校考三模）Instead of trying to cover everything, pick a few topics to follow _. Thats what a good reporter usually does.ArecentlyBwidelyCcloselyDhighly二、用所给单词的正确形式填空11（2022江苏扬州统考中考真题）A _ competitive spirit can push people to
20、try to be better.（health）12（2022山东临沂统考中考真题）Teenagers will feel _ and even get angry if someone reads their diaries.（comfortable）13（2022山东临沂统考中考真题）It took around 120 hours to print this 3D house while it usually takes around one to two years to build a house in the _ way. （tradition）14（2022上海统考中考真题）I
21、f you are _ to get lost, calm down and look for possible help. （lucky）15（2022江苏镇江统考中考真题）The machine was repaired last Saturday. Now it is running _ (smooth). 16（2022上海统考中考真题）With the help of his workmates, he was able to operate the machine _. （correct）17（2022山东青岛统考中考真题）With the teachers help, Li Hu
22、a got the inspiration from Chinese Ancient Poems and _（final）created a new poem by himself.18（2022上海长宁统考一模）Mr Wangs son has created a comic strip _ and itll be published in February. (recent)19（2022江苏无锡无锡市天一实验学校校考二模）To use English _ (correct), you need to understand the culture in which it is spoken
23、.20（2022江苏扬州统考二模）Look! _ (simple) click on it, and you can learn about the history of this museum.三、完成句子21（2022湖北十堰统考中考真题）这学期他们参加了各种各样的活动，包括种庄稼、做饭等。They took part in _ activities this term, including planting crops, cooking meals and so on.22（2022重庆统考中考真题）那位62岁的女士足够勇敢，从湖里救起了一位小伙子。（完成译句）The 62-year-o
24、ld lady was brave _ _ save a young man in the lake.23（2022湖北荆州统考中考真题）During COVID19, were advised to get together _.新冠肺炎疫情期间，劝告大家要尽可能少聚集。（as）24（2022湖北恩施统考中考真题）在适应这里的生活后，汤姆过得和以前一样幸福。（happy）After getting used to the life here, Tom lives _ before.25（2022江苏无锡统考二模）神舟十三号载人飞船返回舱的成功着陆立刻吸引了所有人的注意力。The return
25、 capsule of the Shenzhou-13 Spaceship landed so _ at once.四、根据汉语提示填空26（2022江苏苏州统考中考真题）Asking questions is one of the _（最容易的）ways to lead you to active learning.27（2022山东泰安统考中考真题）Spacewalks can be dangerous. There is no air in space. And its filled with _（有害的）radiation（辐射）.28（2022江苏镇江统考中考真题）In my fam
26、ily, dad is the strongest, mum is the _ (苗条的) and I am the cutest.29（2022广西柳州中考真题）In Egypt, they visited the palaces and towers of _（古代的） kings and queens.30（2022广西百色中考真题）We are _ (骄傲的) that Beijing is known as the worlds first “Double Olympic City”.五、根据首字母填空31（2022四川成都统考中考真题）School education offers
27、 chances for p_ development to help each of us realize our dream.32（2022四川统考中考真题）Its my dream to play soccer with the great soccer team! This is really e_!33（2022四川成都统考二模）The ostrich pillow (鸵鸟枕) can help people sleep at noon c_ when theres no bed.34（2022广西贺州统考一模）Those who t_ love you, would always give you the best.35（2022重庆重庆南开中学校考一模）Thirteen-year-olds may feel s_ in class unless they have 9 hours sleep at night.