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1、专项五 中考题型 重难点26 阅读理解之记叙文1.材料特点人物故事类的阅读理解是中考英语的常考材料之一。这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。1.1. 人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。1.2. 短篇故事与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查考生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。2.解题技巧2.1. 阅读人物传记类文章时应该抓住
2、时间线索来获取有关信息，即主人翁在某个时间做过什么，然后通过分析推理、综合归纳的方法进行解题。2.2. 阅读短篇故事类材料时，同学们一定要根据主要情节掌握文章主旨大意，同时抓住每一个细节，设身处地地根据文章内容揣摩作者的态度和意图，根据情节展开想象，这样的话即使是深层理解题也可迎刃而解。3.满分技巧3.1.主旨题解题技巧为：找主题句。应先通读全文，理解大意，充分理解主题句的意义。主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。3.2.细节题解题技巧为：快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、数字等，划出相关句子，进行对照。3.3.推断题解题技巧为：寻找线索，悟出字里行间的意思。3.4.猜测词义题解题技巧为：通过阅
3、读上下文，断定该词的真正含义。中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从三个或四个选项中选出最佳答案。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。主要涉及到记叙文，说明文，应用文等。典例解析（2022江苏盐城统考中考真题）Maggie, Travis and Lucys science teacher set a special test for them. They had to work out different kinds of problems wi
4、thin limited time to get out of a locked room. For the past hour, Maggie, Travis and Lucy had been locked inside a room decorated like a mad scientists laboratory. Together they decoded（破译）a secret language and solved a difficult maths problem. The last challenge, however, stopped them. The key to t
5、he door was trapped in a block of ice. “We have to melt the ice,” Lucy said. “But theres nothing hot here!” Maggie complained. Travis pulled off his sweatshirt and wrapped（裏）it around the ice. “This keeps me warm,” he reasoned. A few minutes passed by, but the ice didnt melt. “Isnt cloth an insulato
6、r（隔热材料）?” Lucy asked. She tried to remember what she had learned in science class. “Heat always flows from warm objects to cold ones. The heat in the air will eventually melt the ice, but we need to find something that will help heat move from the air to the ice more quickly.”“What about glass?” Mag
7、gie asked. “Glass is also an insulator. It keeps heat from moving,” Lucy said. Then she noticed a large metal tray（金属托盘）across the room. “This might work!”Lucy put the block of ice onto the tray. Everybodys eyes moved between the clock and the ice. Would they be able to free the key in time? At last
8、, the key lay in the water on the tray. The three friends rushed out of the room in the last minute. “We made it!” Travis cheered. “Good thing you paid attention in science class!”1What final challenge did the three friends need to complete?ATo solve a maths problem.BTo learn a secret language.CTo f
9、ind their science teacher.DTo get the key trapped in ice.2What does Travis mean by saying “This keeps me warm”?AHis sweatshirt can help melt the ice.BHe dislikes his sweatshirt.CHis sweatshirt is of good quality.DHe wants to take off his sweatshirt.3What does the underlined word “eventually” probabl
10、y mean?AcarefullyBsuddenlyCfinallyDproperly4Whats the best title for the story?AChanging Ice into WaterBDecorating the LaboratoryCRunning away from the RoomDPreparing for a Science Class【短文大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了玛吉、特拉维斯和露西在科学老师的安排下，在一间上了锁的房间，利用学过的科学知识突破重重关卡，最终走出房间的故事。【答案解析】1细节理解题。根据“The last challenge, howe
11、ver, stopped them. The key to the door was trapped in a block of ice.”可知，孩子们遇到的最后一个挑战是拿到被冻在冰里的钥匙。故选D。2词句猜测题。根据“We have to melt the ice”及“Travis pulled off his sweatshirt and wrapped（裏）it around the ice. This keeps me warm, he reasoned.”可知，孩子们想找热的东西来融化冰，特拉维斯脱下了自己的运动衫，他强调这件运动衫可以让自己保持暖和，意在说明这件运动衫同样也可以让
12、冰“暖和”，可以帮助融化冰。故选A。3词句猜测题。根据“Heat always flows from warm objects to cold ones. The heat in the air will eventually melt the ice”可知，热量总是从温暖的物体流向寒冷的物体，空气中的热量最终会融化冰，划线部分单词意为“最终地”，与finally同义。故选C。4最佳标题题。根据“They had to work out different kinds of problems within limited time to get out of a locked room.”及全
13、文可知，本文主要讲述了三个小伙伴利用自己学过的知识突破重重关卡，最终成功走出上锁房间的故事，故“Running away from the Room”可作为本文标题。故选C。（2022四川绵阳统考中考真题）At a snow park in Zhangjiakou, Hebei, Chinese teenage snowboarder Su Yiming won a silver in the mens snowboarding competition on February 7. It was the first time that a Chinese snowboarder had eve
14、r competed in this event at any Olympics. Su was introduced to snowboarding at the age of 4 by his parents, who were both snowboarding fans. Su fell in love with the sport the first time they took him to a ski center. Later he kept on practicing after class. To save up more time for snowboarding, he
15、 would get up at 5 am and finish his homework early. Su just saw snowboarding as a hobby in the beginning. However, on July 31, 2015 when he knew that Winter Olympics 2022 would be held in Beijing, his mind turned to professional（职业的）competition. He dreamed of joining in the Winter Olympics. And he
16、decided to go professional. In 2018 Su became a member of Chinas national snowboarding team. In 2020 and 2021, he took home gold medals（奖牌）of all national competitions. In January 2021, he became the first Chinese man snowboarder to finish the Cab 1800the most difficult snowboarding skill. Behind hi
17、s success is Sus hard work. He has made full use of every chance to train more. Usually he arrived at the training center earlier than his teammates. In that way, he could practice more. He even broke several snowboards in one week because of heavy training. After Su won his silver medal, his father
18、 Su Qun received an interview. He said that this would not be his sons last Olympics and Su would do better in the future.1How did Su feel the first time he tried snowboarding?ADisappointed.BInterested.CWorried.DMoved.2Why did Su decide to go professional?AHis parents were snowboarding fans.BHe coul
19、d finish the most difficult skill.CHe joined Chinas national snowboarding team.DWinter Olympics 2022 would be held in Beijing.3When did Su become a national team member?AIn 2022.BIn 2020.CIn 2018.DIn 2015.4What is the key to Sus success?ATaking home gold medals.BTraining hard day and night.CBeing th
20、e first to finish the Cab 1800.DGetting much help from his teammates.5Which part is the text probably taken from in a magazine?ASport.BTravel.CHealth.DScience.【短文大意】本文是一名记叙文。介绍了苏翊鸣滑雪的经历，并且告诉我们付出努力终究会得到回报的。【答案解析】1细节理解题。根据“Su fell in love with the sport the first time they took him to a ski center.”可知
21、，当他们第一次带他去滑雪中心时，苏翊鸣就爱上了这项运动。故选B。2细节理解题。根据“However, on July 31, 2015 when he knew that Winter Olympics 2022 would be held in Beijing, his mind turned to professional competition. He dreamed of joining in the Winter Olympics. And he decided to go professional.”可知，当他知道2022年冬奥会将在北京举行时，他的想法转向了职业比赛，他梦想着参加
22、冬奥会，于是他决定走上职业道路。故选D。3细节理解题。根据“In 2018 Su became a member of Chinas national snowboarding team.”可知，2018年，苏翊鸣成为中国国家单板滑雪队的一员。故选C。4细节理解题。根据“Behind his success is Sus hard work. He has made full use of every chance to train more.”可知，苏翊鸣成功的背后是他的努力，他充分利用每一个机会进行更多的训练。故选B。5推理判断题。本文主要向我们介绍体育名人苏翊鸣，所以推测可能在体育版块看
23、到这篇文章，故选A。（2022四川宜宾统考中考真题）Dreams really exist. But in the morning when you wake up, they are remembered just as a dream. That is what happened to me.I always had the dream to dance. When I was young, I would dance around and around in the fields of wildflowers that grew in my backyard. Reality woke
24、me up when I heard a voice saying, “I dont know why you try to dance, Anna. You dont have the talent to be a ballerina (芭蕾舞演员).” Hearing that, I fell to the ground and cried for hours.We lived in the countryside by a lake. My mother didnt like anything because she thought nothing was ever perfect in
25、 her life. She dreamed of a different life but she ended up living in the countryside, far away from the city where she believed her dreams would come true.I enjoyed hanging out by the water. I used to sit there for hours and stare at my reflection. Once the waves came, my reflection would be washed
26、 away, just like my dream to dance.As I grew older, I began to realize my dream was even born because of something that was inside me. The dream I had was never cared for, so it slowly died. When I finally woke up from many years of dreaming, I realized that I couldnt only dance in the wildflowers.
27、I had to move on to the stage (舞台).6What is the writers dream?ATo be a ballerina.BTo dance in the field.CTo live in the city.DTo help her mother.7Why did Anna cry for hours?AShe couldnt sleep during the night.BShe couldnt remember her dreams.CPeople didnt let her dance in the yard.DPeople didnt thin
28、k she was good at dance.8What can we know about Annas mother from Paragraph 3?AShe achieved her dream.BShe wanted to live in the city.CShe was satisfied with her life.DShe liked living in the countryside.9What did Anna usually do when hanging out by the water?ADance by herself.BDo some washing.CFind
29、 her lost dreams.DWatch herself in the water.10What did Anna finally decide to do?ALet her dream die.BHold on to her dream.CGo back to the country.DLive with her dear mother.【短文大意】本文讲述了作者的有关梦想的情况。【答案解析】6细节理解题。根据“I dont know why you try to dance, Anna. You dont have the talent to be a ballerina (芭蕾舞演
30、员).”可知，作者的梦想是成为芭蕾舞演员，故选A。7细节理解题。根据“when I heard a voice saying, “I dont know why you try to dance, Anna. You dont have the talent to be a ballerina (芭蕾舞演员).” Hearing that, I fell to the ground and cried for hours.”可知，因为人们认为她不擅长跳舞，所以她会哭很久，故选D。8推理判断题。根据“My mother didnt like anything because she though
31、t nothing was ever perfect in her life. She dreamed of a different life but she ended up living in the countryside, far away from the city where she believed her dreams would come true.”可知，妈妈并不喜欢农村的生活，她喜欢城市的生活，她想生活在城市，故选B。9细节理解题。根据“I enjoyed hanging out by the water. I used to sit there for hours an
32、d stare at my reflection.”可知，作者喜欢在水边闲逛，常常在那里坐上几个小时，盯着自己的倒影，故选D。10细节理解题。根据“When I finally woke up from many years of dreaming, I realized that I couldnt only dance in the wildflowers. I had to move on to the stage (舞台).”可知，作者最后坚持了自己的梦想，故选B。（2022贵州黔西统考中考真题）Nan Hauser is a marine biologist(海洋生物学家). One
33、 day, she was filming near the ocean(海洋). As it was required, she went into the ocean and swam slowly toward some whales. Just then, a whale saw her, and suddenly charged at(猛冲) her.Nan had worked in the ocean for 30 years and had never seen anything like it. She didnt know what to do. So, she staye
34、d away from it. But the whale had no idea of walking away. Just then, she saw some whales moving fast toward her. When she looked closer, there was also a big tiger shark. The whale tried his best to protect Nan. He hid Nan next to his face.The whale pulled Nan with its head, and swam as fast as it
35、could toward the boat. “I just rode the whale for about 10 minutes,” said Nan.It was not until Nan was safely in the boat that the whale slowly moved away.A year and 15 days later, to Nans surprise, she again saw the whale that had saved her life! Nan was only one meter away from him and she saw the
36、 scar(伤疤) on his head. She got on the boat and put her foot in the water and the whale stayed there for another 20 minutes. Finally, Nan told him the same thing she said last time: Thank you, I love you.“It will always be a part of me. It will always have a place in my heart. I hope I can see it aga
37、in because I really miss it.”11Why did Nan go into the ocean?ABecause she was required to do so.BBecause she liked to swim in the ocean.CBecause she wanted to see the whale.DBecause the whale wanted to see her.12How many years had Nan worked as a marine biologist in the ocean?AFor a few years.BFor t
38、en years.CFor twenty years.DFor thirty years.13What did Nan understand at last when she found a big tiger shark?AThe whale wanted to fight against the shark.BThe shark wanted to eat the whale.CThe whale wanted to protect Nan.DThe shark wanted to protect Nan.14How did Nan come back to her boat?AThe w
39、hale killed the shark.BNan rode the whale back to her boat.CThe shark sent her back to her boat.DNan swam as fast as she could to her boat.15What do we learn from the story?AWhales are our friends that need to be protected.BWhales are in danger from water pollution.CWe should learn more about whales
40、.DWhales are huge animals in the sea.【短文大意】本文主要讲述了南豪瑟是一位海洋生物学家，有一次被鲸鱼拯救的故事。【答案解析】11细节理解题。根据“As it was required, she went into the ocean”可知根据需要，她潜入大海，故选A。12细节理解题。根据“Nan had worked in the ocean for 30 years”可知南在海洋中工作了30年，故选D。13细节理解题。根据“ But the whale had no idea of walking away. Just then, she saw som
41、e whales moving fast toward her. Its a tiger shark. When she looked closer, there was also a big tiger shark. The whale tried his best to protect Nan. He hid Nan next to his face.”（但是鲸鱼没有离开的想法。就在那时，她看到一些鲸鱼正快速向她游来。当她走近一看时，还有一只大虎鲨。鲸鱼尽力保护南。他把南藏在脸旁边。）可知她明白了鲸鱼想要保护她。故选C。14细节理解题。根据“I just rode the whale fo
42、r about 10 minutes”可知南骑着鲸鱼回到她的船上。故选B。15推理判断题。根据文章可知鲸鱼救了主人公南豪瑟，所以可以得出“鲸鱼是我们需要保护的朋友。”的结论，故选A。（2022贵州遵义统考中考真题）Today is June 26th, the International Anti-drug Day(国际禁毒日). When people talk about drug fighting, a name will probably appear in our mindsLin Zexu, who is remembered as a national hero in China
43、. Since 1839, we Chinese have always been fighting a great war against drugs.Now, Peng Taizhen from Yunnan province has been supporting the work of drug fighting in her own way.Pengs husband, Zhang Congshun, was an anti-drug police officer. One day in 1994, when he was fighting with a group of drug
44、criminals and trying to save his partner, he got seriously injured and died later. Peng had to raise their sons by herself.All of her three sons became police officers after graduating from college. Sadly, her youngest son, Zhang Ziquan, lost his life at the age of 36 while he was working on a drug
45、case in December, 2020.“My husband died, leaving many unfinished things in crime fighting behind him. But we still have sons to continue along the way. If I had the chance choose again, I would still stand behind them firmly.” Peng said.Peng Taizhen is truly a heroine, a great mother as well as a go
46、od wife. She has made such a great contribution(贡献) to anti-drug fighting!16Lin Zexu is remembered as a(an) _ by us Chinese.AartistBnational heroCwriterDpolice officer17What did Pengs husband die for?ASaving his partner.BHelping his son.CProtecting the villagers.DFighting the virus.18Which statement
47、 is TRUE about Peng Taizhen?AHer husband died in December, 2020.BHer youngest son lost his life in 1994.COnly one of her sons is a police officer.DShe is a very great wife and mother.19How many people mentioned in the passage have made great contributions to drug fighting?A2B3C4D520What is the purpose of writing the passage?ATo express our thanks to Ms. PengBTo know about Lin Zexu and his stories.CTo remember the International Anti-drug Day.DTo pass on the spirit of our drug-fighting heroes.【短文大意】本文主要讲述了一些和毒品作斗争的英雄们。【答案解析】16细节理解题。根据“a name will probably appear in our mindsLin Zexu, who is