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1、02 押浙江杭州卷19-22题 阅读理解B篇 从近几年初中升学考试试卷来看，阅读理解考题的类型就是单选题四选一。这类题型的选项应在理解短文的基础上做出判断，坚持短文内容与考项对比的方法，把一些与短文内容明显相符或不相符的答案选出来。主要有四个考点：具体细节，主旨大意，判断推理，词义猜测。阅读题五大技能要素：1. 能获取文章具体信息2. 能根据文章具体信息进行简单的推测3. 能根据上下文推测生词词义4. 能理解作者观点、意图、态度5. 能理解归纳文章的主旨大意五大阅读题型：1. 事实细节题2. 细节推断题3. 猜测词义题4. 推测意图、观点、态度5. 理解归纳主旨要义1. 关注文章脉络结构。2.
2、 关注每一部分的主题句，也就是说读完每部分就要弄清它的Main idea。3. 采取略读（Skimming），关注主题句，其余支持信息（Supporting information）扫视即可。4. 如题目是细节理解题则通过扫读（Scanning）有针对性地对读过的某部分仔细辨别具体信息。5. 通过上下文保证猜测词义题不失分。6. 文章主旨大意题，不能以偏概全也不能范围太大。7. 关注题目题干与选项的匹配。如题目为推理判断题，而如果选了事实题，那就不对了。8. 对一些推测作者接下来要写的内容或第一段前面所写的内容可通过文章承上启下的特点关注文章最后一段或第一段的内容。特别注意：阅读理解题的干扰项
3、的设置具有一定的迷惑性。它不仅能检测出考生理解、概括、推断等逻辑思维的精确性、深刻性，而且对考生心理素质也是一种检验，干扰项的干扰性一般体现在以下五个方面：1. 脱离原文；2. 以偏概全；3. 扩缩范围；4. 偷换概念；5. 正误并存。（2022浙江杭州统考中考真题）What did people do to communicate in ancient times? Here are some very interesting answers to this question.Alphorns (阿尔卑斯长号角) were once used to communicate in the mo
4、untains in Switzerland. They are very long and they are very heavy, too. So, alphorns are hard work to blow. Then why use them? Well, they make a loud sound which travels much further than the human voice. Herdsmen (牧民) used them to call cows in the distance for milking. At sunset, alphorns were als
5、o used to send a message down to villagers that all was well. These days, theyre mostly used as musical instruments.The people of La Gomera, an island in Europe, have their own special way of sending messages from mountain to mountain. They use a whistled (口哨的) language called el silbo, which comes
6、from their language Spanish. Whistling can be heard within five kilometers, which means it can be used across much greater distances than shouting. El silbo can be used for all kinds of messages, including greetings and announcements. El silbo is used a lot less than it used to be, but primary schoo
7、l students in La Gomera have to learn it.Did you know its also possible to send messages without making a noise? This is called visual communication, and it includes the use of flags and even smoke. Long ago, soldiers along the Great Wall of China used smoke as a warning. If they noticed the enemy f
8、rom their signal (信号) tower, they lit a smoky fire. When soldiers in other towers saw the smoke signal, they lit fires too. In this way, messages about the enemys arrival could travel as far as 800 km in just a few hours.1What are alphorns mostly used for today?ACommunicating in the mountainsBCallin
9、g cows for milking.CSending messages down to villages.DPlaying a kind of music.2Why do the people of La Gomera use el silbo to communicate?ABecause it can send messages to animals.BBecause it is different from their language.CBecause it can be heard at a great distance.DBecause it is a subject for y
10、oung students.3How did soldiers along the Great Wall get warning messages between towers?ABy listening.BBy whistling.CBy shouting.DBy watching.4Which of the following best shows the structure of the text?(P=Paragraph)ABCD【答案】1D 2C 3D 4A【导语】本文主要介绍了古人是如何交流的。1细节理解题。根据“These days, theyre mostly used as
11、musical instruments.”可知，如今，它们大多被用作乐器；故选D。2细节理解题。根据“Whistling can be heard within five kilometers, which means it can be used across much greater distances than shouting.”可知，它可以在比叫喊更远的距离上使用；故选C。3细节理解题。根据“This is called visual communication, and it includes the use of flags and even smoke. Long ago, s
12、oldiers along the Great Wall of China used smoke as a warning.”可知，通过观察烟雾信号来得知危险警告；故选D。4篇章结构题。根据全文内容可知，第一段引出下文；第二段介绍通过阿尔卑斯号角来交流；第三段介绍一种叫el silbo的口哨语；第四段介绍通过观看来传递信息；因此篇章结构是选项A；故选A。（2021浙江杭州统考中考真题）Have you ever thought how important T-shirts are in your life? I dont mean expensive designer T-shirts. Af
13、ter all, just because you spend a lot of money on a shirt doesnt mean that it looks good. Im talking about the T-shirts that say something about you, like where youve been, what you like, or what you think. Those are often the T-shirts that we feel the most comfortable in and that we wear again and
14、again. Im going to tell you about two T-shirts that I really, really love and explain why. Ive been to London twice. The first time I went I saw this shirt in a souvenir (纪念品) shop and my dad bought it for me. I really loved the design and the colors. And it reminds me of something funny that happen
15、ed. One day we were travelling around the center of London. We almost got lost, but we found our way thanks to the picture on this T-shirt!Sometimes Ive bought clothes that Ive never worn or that Ive only worn once or twice. But Ive worn(and washed )this T-shirt hundreds of times. I love music and I
16、 love Adele. I havent seen many of my favorite artists live, but I bought this when I went to Adeles concert two years ago. It was a great concert and this is a great souvenir. And white T- shirts go with anything, not just jeans!So, those are just two of my favorite T-shirts that tell a story. What
17、 about yours?posted 16th April at 16:57post a commentIve never been to China and I dont know any Chinese, but one of my favorite T-shirts has the Chinese characters on it. One of the reasons that I like it is because I love the bright colors of the characters. And it has sentimental（情感）value. Last y
18、ear, my brother studied in Beijing and he gave me this when he came home. Nuria Gil, Spain5What did Saras T-shirt help her family do in London?AFind a souvenir shop.BKnow where they were.CTake a short way.DRemember who they were.6Why is the other T-shirt so important to Sara?AIt has never been worn
19、before.BIt washes well.CIt was bought at Adeles concert.DIt goes with jeans.7What does Nuria think of her T-shirt?AIt is old.BIt is simple.CIt is expensive.DIt is valuable.8What is the purpose of this blog?ATo produce popular T-shirts.BTo make an ad for T-shirts.CTo introduce favorite T-shirts.DTo o
20、ffer a design for T-shirts.【答案】5B 6C 7D 8C【分析】文章讲述了Sara的和Nuria Gil最喜欢的T恤衫，包括为什么买，以及对她们的意义是什么。5细节理解题。根据“One day we were travelling around the center of London. We almost got lost, but we found our way thanks to the picture on this T-shirt!”可知，T恤衫帮助作者知道了他们在哪里，故选B。6细节理解题。根据“I love music and I love Adel
21、e. I havent seen many of my favorite artists live, but I bought this when I went to Adeles concert two years ago. It was a great concert and this is a great souvenir. And white T- shirts go with anything, not just jeans!”可知，另一件T恤是在阿黛尔的演唱会上买的。所以对她很重要，故选C。7细节理解题。根据“One of the reasons that I like it is
22、 because I love the bright colors of the characters. And it has sentimental（情感）value.”可知，Nuria认为她的T恤对她来说非常有情感价值。故选D。8推理判断题。根据文章的理解可知，主要是介绍Sara的和Nuria Gil两个人最喜欢的T恤衫的故事，故选C。（2020浙江杭州统考中考真题）Traffic lights are red, yellow and green. They are very important signals (信号). Traffic lights are usually placed
23、 at busy street corners to help control traffic. Sometimes, they are on streets near schools and shops, too. Most young children are taught what each of the colored lights means, so everybody can stay safe. The first traffic signals were used for trains. The signals were put alongside railway tracks
24、(轨道). The color red was used to mean “stop” because it warned people of danger. A red light was also the easiest color to see from a distance. Train drivers could see the red “stop” light ahead and had enough time to slow down and stop their trains. A green light was used to mean “take care” and a w
25、hite light meant “go”. However, there were many dangerous accidents on the train tracks. Some train drivers thought a star shining in the night sky was a white light that meant “go”. So the signals were swapped. The “go” light was changed to green and the “take care” light was changed to white. Duri
26、ng these times, people travelled by train or in carts pulled by horses. Years later, when cars were built, people began to drive them because they could travel much faster than horses. However, the road rules for drivers were not very clear and many people were hurt crossing the roads. Yellow warnin
27、g signs had to be placed beside the roads to remind drivers to take care and allow people to cross safely. Today, towns and cities all over the world have traffic lights. Red and green lights match the signals used on the railways. Yellow lights are easy to see, so they are used to warn drivers that
28、 they should slow down and prepare to stop.9Why was the color red used to mean “stop”?AIt reminded people of traffic rules.BIt helped trains run smoothly.CIt gave people a warning of danger.DIt was the first color people thought of.10What does the underlined word “swapped” in Paragraph 3 mean?ADesig
29、ned.BExchanged.CSuggested.DCompared.11In which order did the “take care” light develop?a. A white lightb. A green light.c. A yellow light.Aa-c-bBb-c-aCa-b-cDb-a-c12What is the passage mainly about?AThe advantages of traffic lights.BThe history of traffic lights.CThe importance of traffic lights.DThe
30、 meanings of traffic lights.【答案】9C 10B 11D 12B【分析】本文主要讲述了红绿灯的发展由来从火车上的交通信号灯演变到今天马路上能见到的交通信号灯。9细节理解题。根据第二段第三句 “The color red was used to mean “stop” because it warned people of danger.”可知，使用红色是想警告人们危险。故选C。10词意猜测题。Designed设计；Exchanged更换；Suggested建议；Compared比较。根据第二段最后一句“A green light was used to mean “
31、take care” and a white light meant “go”.”可知，绿灯意味着小心，白灯意味着通行。而第三段swapped 后的一句话“The “go” light was changed to green and the “take care” light was changed to white”可知，绿灯意味着通行，白灯意味着小心，此处是“绿色信号灯和白色信号灯所表示的含义发生了改变”，所以此处swapped与exchanged的意思相同。故选B。11篇章结构题。根据第二段中“A green light was used to mean “take care”、第三段
32、中“the “take care” light was changed to white ”、第四段中“Yellow warning signs had to be placed beside the roads to remind drivers to take care ”可知，“提醒注意”的交通信号灯由绿色改为白色，最后再变成黄色，对应的正确的排序为b一a一c。故选D。12主旨大意题。由第二段开头“The first traffic signals were used for trains ”、第四段开头“During these times . Years later .”、最后一段开
33、头 “Today.”可知，文章以时间顺序在介绍红绿灯的发展由来从火车上的交通信号灯演变到今天马路上能见到的交通信号灯，也就是交通信号灯的历史。故选B。（2023浙江金华统考一模）“Dear Afu, who is Steve Jobs?”“Steve Jobs is famous to all in the world. He is famous as the founder of Apple and famous for the iPhones.”“Good. Tell me how I can have two girlfriends.”“Are you crazy? If you do
34、that, your secret wont go undiscovered!” This was a conversation I had in a WeChat group called “Talking with your robot”, an account based on Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) technology. To me, the replier was just like a real person. ChatGPT, the new talking AI, has surprised users ar
35、ound the world, including me, ever since it came out online on Nov. 30.The new AI can answer questions, do translations, write passages and even develop a computer program. It is as good as a human living inside a computer. It seems that ChatGPT is making life very convenient. For example, you have
36、to hand in a report on medical care system, all you need to do is telling ChatGPT your requirement and it will make a well-organized PPT for you. That could, however, mean job losses. After all, if a computer program itself can write code, then a programmer may lose his seat.That may be a worry. But
37、 no matter how ChatGPT develops, it still follows the same technological path. Its biggest advantage lies in the ability to sift (筛选) through a large amount of information and restructure (重组) words into a language, but its still not that creative. AI can quickly draw a picture, but that picture wil
38、l be based on pictures it is fed. It can also write science fiction, but based on what it has read. AI can imagine a future with faster spaceships, but it cant imagine a world of space elevators as humans can. Humans can imagine the future and then puts in efforts to realize it. By being creative th
39、ere will be plenty of chances for humans to score over AI. So there is no need to worry too much.13How did the writer start the topic?ABy drawing a picture.BBy listing some numbers.CBy giving an example.DBy making a comparison.14What is ChatGPT according to the passage?AIts a real person.BIts a newl
40、y-invented AI.CIts a chatting group of Wechat.DIts a new technological company.15Whats the biggest advantage of ChatGPT?AIt has a human living inside a computer.BIt is created with the most advanced technology.CIt is pretty creative because it has great imagination.DIt has the ability to get and res
41、tructure the information.16What can we infer from the last paragraph?AChatGPT can create new things by itself without any information.BLots of people will lose jobs because ChatGPT will take their places.CThere will be great competitions between AI and humans in the future.DPeople have the ability t
42、o imagine and create new things but ChatGPT doesnt.【答案】13C 14B 15D 16D【导语】本文主要介绍了ChatGPT。13细节理解题。根据“This was a conversation I had in a WeChat group called Talking with your robot, an account based on Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) technology.”可知，作者用一个例子来引出文章的话题，故选C。14细节理解题。根据“ChatGPT,
43、 the new talking AI”可知，ChatGPT是一种新的AI技术，故选B。15细节理解题。根据“Its biggest advantage lies in the ability to sift (筛选) through a large amount of information and restructure (重组) words into a language, but its still not that creative.”可知，ChatGPT有筛选和重组信息的能力，故选D。16推理判断题。根据“Humans can imagine the future and then
44、 puts in efforts to realize it. By being creative there will be plenty of chances for humans to score over AI. ”可知，人类有想象的能力并能创造出来，因此没有必要担忧ChatGPT，故选D。（2022浙江杭州校考二模）You use it every day, and theres one in nearly every home and on every street cornerits the toilet. Did you know the average person spen
45、ds three whole years of his or her life on the toilets? For something so important, we give it very little thought. Well, November 19 is World Toilet Daya day to bring attention to the toilet. World Toilet Day reminds us of how lucky we are to have toilets. Many people still dont have clean toilets,
46、 and this causes a number of health problems.Toilets take many different forms around the world. In the US, you wont see any squatting (蹲式的) toilets. Most people in the Western world have toilets and running water in their homes.But, in some places, toilets are outdoors in “outhouses”. Everyone in t
47、he neighborhood shares the same outhouse, and going to the toilet becomes a social event. Depending on where you are, public toilets can be very private, with machines playing the sound of running water to mask your noises. Or, public toilets can have no privacy at alljust one big room. Now some mod
48、ern toilets have electronic keypads, heaters and even play music!When you use the toilet, you should keep some manners in mind: Flush (冲) the toilet after you have finished. Wash your hands before you leave the restroom. Dont stand on the toilet when you are using it. If you use public toilets, there