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1、专题十一非谓语动词【考点一】动词不定式的用法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us. =It is not easy for us to speak English. 不定式作主语时, 常用it作形式主语, 而把不定式放在后面表语My work is to clean the room every day. =To clean the room every day is my work. 多数情况下, 不定式作表语, 可转换为作主语宾语What sports does he like to play? He likes to play bas
2、ketball. 不定式只能作某些动词的宾语, 一般不作介词的宾语宾语补足语She asked us to keep calm. Let me help you. 在make, let, see, hear, watch等使役、感官动词后, 不定式省略to定语Have you got anything to say? 不定式作定语, 要放在被修饰词的后面状语Im sorry to trouble you. (表原因)I went to the library to study English. (表目的)不定式作状语, 其逻辑主语要和主语一致【提示】不定式可以和疑问词 who, which,
3、what, when, how, where (why除外)等连用, 构成不定式短语, 在句子中作主语、宾语或表语等。例如: How to get there is not decided yet. 怎样去那里还没有定下来。 Can you tell me what to say at the meeting? 你能告诉我在会上说些什么吗? 我们也经常利用这一结构进行复合句与简单句之间的转换。例如: I dont know what I should do next time. I dont know what to do next time. 【图解】【语法串记】巧记跟不定式作宾语的动词想要
4、、拒绝、忘记, (want, refuse, forget)需要、努力、学习。(need, try, learn)选择、同意、帮助, (choose, agree, help); 希望、决定、开始。(hope, wish, expect, decide, begin, start)【考点二】动名词的用法功能功 能例句说明主语Eating too much sugar is bad for your teeth. 谓语动词用单数宾语动词宾语I like playing basketball very much.表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作介词宾语Stamps are used for
5、sending letters.表语His hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is his hobby. 多数情况下, 动名词作表语可转换成作主语定语She is in the reading room. We should improve our teaching methods. 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于被修饰词之前【语法串记】常接动名词作宾语的动词(词组): finish(完成); practice(实践); be worth(值得); be busy(忙于); keep(一直), enjoy(喜欢); giv
6、e up(放弃); cant help(情不自禁); mind(介意); avoid(避免); miss(错过); suggest(建议)。我们可简记为: 完成、实践、值得忙, 一直、喜欢、别放弃。情不自禁、需介意, 避免、错过、好建议。【考点三】动名词和不定式作宾语的区别有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可, 但意义有所不同。例如: try to do sth. 设法或努力去做某事try doing sth. 尝试着做某事go on to do sth. 接着去做另一件事go on doing sth. 连续做某事remember to do sth. 记住去做某事(动作尚未发生) reme
7、mber doing sth. 记得做过某事(动作已发生)forget to do sth. 忘了去做某事(动作尚未发生)forget doing sth. 忘了做过某事(动作已发生)【图解】【考点四】分词的用法功能功能例句说明定语Do you know the girl standing under the tree? Please hand in your written exercises. 现在分词作定语, 其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词; 过去分词作定语, 其逻辑宾语是其所修饰的词状语The students went out of the classroom, talking and
8、laughing. 分词的逻辑主语为句子的主语表语The news is exciting. The boy is too frightened to move. 现在分词表示主语的性质、特征; 过去分词则表示某种状态补足语Dont keep us waiting for a long time. Hell have his hair cut after school. 现在分词作补足语, 与逻辑主语之间是主动关系; 过去分词作补足语, 与被补充说明的词之间存在被动关系【拓展】现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别在语态上, 现在分词表示主动意义, 过去分词表示被动意义。试比较: the surpri
9、sing news令人惊讶的消息a surprised man一个感到惊讶的人在时间上, 现在分词表示正在进行的动作, 过去分词表示已经完成的动作。试比较: the developing country发展中国家the developed country发达国家【拓展迁移】现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别: 感官动词如 see, watch, notice, hear等, 它们接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语, 常表示动作发生的过程; 接现在分词作宾语补足语, 表示动作正在进行。试比较: I heard him singing in the classroom. (“唱”这个动作正在进行)
10、I heard him sing in the classroom. (“唱”这个动作已经结束)【练真题】一、动词不定式专练(C)1. (2021龙东中考)Its necessary for students eye exercises. A. doB. doingC. to do (C)2. (2021重庆中考A卷) The villagers plan a new bridge over the river. A. buildB. buildingC. to buildD. built(B)3. (2021天津中考) When I was young, my parents taught
11、me older people kindly. A. treatsB. to treatC. treatedD. treat(A)4. (2021绥化中考)The teacher with curly hair teaches usthe guitar. A. to playB. playC. playing(C)5. (2021乐山中考)Do you always get up so early? Yes, the first bus. My home is far away from school. A. catchB. catchingC. to catch(A)6. (2021吉林中考
12、)Mr White invited me the hill with him last weekend. A. to climbB. climbC. climbing(B)7. (2021宿迁中考)The policeman told the children in the river. Its too dangerous! A. to not swimB. not to swimC. not swimD. not swimming(A)8. (2021怀化中考)The government asks peoplethe rubbish from their daily life in dif
13、ferent groups. A. to putB. puttingC. put【明策略】非谓语动词解题步骤“先结构, 后成分, 再逻辑”一、先结构观察动词固定搭配的结构形式。1. 动词后接不定式作宾语, 如agree, ask, decide, expect, want等; 2. 动词后接动名词作宾语, 如avoid, finish, practice, enjoy, mind, stand, look forward to等; 3. 一些使役动词的固定搭配, 如have sth. done(使/让/要某事被做)。二、动名词专练(B)1. (2021临沂中考)Remember to use
14、sunglasses to stop the sun from directly in your eyes. A. shineB. shiningC. to shine(B)2. (2021邵阳中考)How can I improve my pronunciation, Madam? Keep on and youll make progress. A. practiceB. practicingC. to practice(D)3. (2021苏州中考)During our holidays, we should avoid up at night and oversleeping in t
15、he morning. A. stayB. to stayC. stayedD. staying (B)4. (2021自贡中考) Would you mind not football in the hallway? Sorry, I wont. A. playB. playingC. to play(C)5. (2020广元中考) What should we pay attention to mistakes during the exams? Some details. A. avoiding makingB. avoid to makeC. to avoid making(D)6.
16、(2021泸州中考)A group of elephants in Yunnan Province have trouble proper living place. We should help them. A. findB. foundC. to findD. finding(B)7. (2021成都中考)It is hard for people to move forward with a strong wind hard. A. blownB. blowingC. to blow二、后成分如果找不到固定结构, 则分析该非谓语在句中的作用或成分, 把握以下四个原则1. 用作目的状语,
17、原则上用不定式; 2. 用作伴随状语, 原则上用-ing形式; 3. 用作结果状语, 可用-ing形式或不定式; 4. 含有被动意义, 原则上用过去分词。三、再逻辑抓住非谓语的逻辑主语, 然后把这个逻辑主语和动词比较, 如果是主动的, 用不定式或现在分词, 如果是被动的, 用过去分词。三、动名词和不定式作宾语的区别(C)1. (2020甘孜州中考)He felt tired, so he stopped a rest under the tree. A. havingB. haveC. to have(D)2. (2020内江中考) Dont forget off the lights whe
18、n you leave the classroom. OK. Ill do that. A. turnB. turnsC. turningD. to turn 四、分词的用法专练1. (2020扬州中考)He has the most beautiful blue eyes I have ever seen(see). 2. (2020扬州中考)Kate is sitting(sit) alone while her kids at a nearby table are chatting happily. 3. (2020鄂州中考)The storybook can not be taken
19、(not take) out of the reading room. 4. (2020鄂州中考) I was watching TV while my parents were chatting (chat) on the Wechat. 5. (2020绥化中考) When he heard the good news, he couldnt help jumping (jump). 6. (2020龙东中考)After New China was founded (found), people lived a happy life. 7. (2020泰州中考) Rubbish is se
20、parated (separate) into groups in many other cities now, following the practice in Shanghai. 8. (2020广元中考) President Xi Jinping said, “Happiness is achieved (achieve) through hard work”. “看时间和动作”辨析动名词和不定式作宾语1. 动词不定式作宾语的时候, 谓语时间一般在宾语时间之前; 不定式作宾语突出动作的一次性。例如: He forgot to take it. 他忘了拿它。(forgot发生在take之前)2. 动名词作宾语的时候, 宾语动作的时间和谓语动作的时间是同步的。动名词还突出动作的经常性。例如: He has stopped writing. 他已经不写作了。(stopped和writing是同时结束的)解分词题, 抓其“两大功能”一、作谓语的功能1. 现在分词构成进行时; 2. 过去分词构成完成时; 3. 过去分词构成被动语态。二、作非谓语的功能1. -ing分词表主动; 2. -ed分词表被动。关闭Word文档返回原板块