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1、专题十动词的语态和语气【考点一】各种时态的被动语态的构成被动语态是由“be + 过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态通过助动词be的变化来体现。助动词be必须与主语的人称和数相一致。常见的被动结构有(PP代表过去分词): 常用时态被动结构例句一般现在时am/is/are+PPEnglish is spoken by many people in the world. 一般过去时was/were+PPThey were given a warm send-off. 一般将来时will/shall be+PPA new bridge will be built over the river next y
2、ear. 现在进行时am/is/are+being+PPI think we are being followed. 过去进行时was/were +being+PPThey told me that they were being questioned by the police. 现在完成时have/has been+PPAll flights have been cancelled because of the fog. 过去完成时had been+PPHe asked if Mary had been sent to hospital. 含情态动词can/may/must be+PPSo
3、mething must be done to stop these accidents. 【图解】【考点二】主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变为被动语态时, 通常遵循以下三个步骤: (1)首先把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)再把主动语态的谓语动词改为与其时态相对应的被动形式, 且与被动语态的主语保持人称和数的一致。(3)最后将主动语态的主语改为介词by的宾语, 置于句后。“by + 宾语”在句中常省略。如下图所示【注意】主动语态变被动语态的两个特殊点(一)含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句1. 常把间接宾语变为主语, 直接宾语仍然放在动词后面不变。2. 用直接宾语作被动句的主语时, 间接
4、宾语前有时要加介词to(在send, pass, write, give, show, bring等动词之后)或for (在buy, cook, make, order, choose等动词之后)。(二)含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句1. 由形容词、名词作宾语补足语的句子, 变为被动语态时, 只需把宾语变为主语即可。2. 在主动句中, 不定式用作动词: 请(please)、听(hear, listen to)、观(look at, see, notice, watch)、感(feel)、使(make, have)、让(let)、助(help)等的宾语补足语时要省去不定式符号“to”, 但在变为
5、被动语态时要加上“to”。【拓展迁移】“主动变被动, 时态不用动”, 即助动词be 的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态一致。【语法串记】感使动词的主动与被动口诀感使动词好奇怪, to来to去费神猜。主动句里to拿走, 被动句中to回来。【练真题】一、被动语态的构成与用法(B)1. (2021福建中考) Many research labs in the next 5 years to develop science and technology in China. A. are buildingB. will be builtC. were built(D)2. (2021北京中考)Today, m
6、any winter Olympic sports even by children. A. enjoyed B. enjoy C. were enjoyed D. are enjoyed (C)3. (2021包头中考)Tea from China began to be sent abroad more than a thousand years ago and since then it to the world. A. was knownB. is knownC. has been knownD. knows(B)4. (2021梧州中考)In our English class, m
7、any chancesto students to show themselves. A. offerB. are offeredC. offeredD. are offering【明策略】一、两步解决语态题Step 1: 判定语态1. 观察是否有被动语态的标志词by; 2. 看动词与主语的关系, 主语是动作的承受者时, 用被动语态; 3. 如果是“物”作主语, 有可能用被动语态。Step 2: 确定时态寻找时间状语或上下文暗示时态的词, 确定具体用什么时态。二、主动语态与被动语态的转化1. (2021天水中考)Finally, the police officer caught the th
8、ief. (改为被动语态)Finally, the thief was caught by the police officer. 2. (2020上海中考)The 13-year-old one-armed basketball player attracted a lot of fans. (改为被动语态)A lot of fans were attracted by the 13-year-old one-armed basketball player. 3. (2020天水中考) We will solve the problem in two weeks. (改为被动语态)The problem will be solved by us in two weeks. 二、主动语态变被动语态口诀宾语提前主语变, 时态人称be关键; 过去分词勿变错, 原主变宾by后见。关闭Word文档返回原板块