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1、考点07 数词（核心考点精讲精练）1. 三年真题考点分布题型语法填空高考考点数词全国甲卷2023six-sixth20222021新高考II卷202320222021浙江1月高考卷2023202220212. 命题规律及备考策略（高考语法填空命题：先选好主题语篇，然后再定语法考点，所以2023年新高考I卷，没有考查动词时态和从句，因为语篇不具备考查素材，所以语法复习要全面。）【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于数词的考查共计1次，主要考查：1序数词和基数词的词形转换；2数词的用法功能；3. 数词的正确表达形式。【备考策略】熟记基本序数词和基数词词形，熟练掌握有关数词的表达法。【命题预测】2024年语
2、法填空仍然有可能对数词进行考查，主要集中考查序数词和基数词的词形转换，数词的相关表达。（不要粗略的总结，给你最全面、实用的考点总结） 数词数词属于高考试题中的轮考点，主要涉及基数词和序数词的基本用法及区别，序数词前的修饰词以及分数的正确表达等。考点一 基数词1常用基数词表oneeleventhirtytwotwelvefortythreethirteenfiftyfourfourteensixtyfivefifteenseventysixsixteeneightysevenseventeenninetyeighteighteenhundredninenineteenthousandtentwe
3、ntymillion/billion2.使用基数词的几点注意事项(1)one and a half后的名词用复数，谓语动词一般用单数，不过事实上也可用复数。(2)当hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有基数词时，用单数形式，词尾不加-s；前面有many, several, a few修饰时，仍用单数形式。如：several billion years。表示概数时，用ten, hundred, thousand, billion的复数形式加of，后面接复数名词。如：thousands of lakes and forests。(3)表示某人的大约年龄，即“几
4、十多岁”时，使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb.s整十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十多岁时”。如：in his fifties。(4)表示世纪年代表示“在世纪年代”时在数字后加-s或-s。the early 1920s/1920sthe early twentiesthe mid-eighties考点二 序数词1常用序数词表firstelevenththirtiethsecondtwelfthfortieththirdthirteenthfiftiethfourthfourteenthsixtiethfifthfifteenthseventiethsixthsixteentheightiet
5、hseventhseventeenthninetietheightheighteenthhundredthninthnineteenththousandthtenthtwentiethmillionth/billionth【用法指南】21以上的多位数词，只将末位数变为序数词，前面的其他位数仍用基数词。如：21sttwenty-first；22ndtwenty-second；33rdthirty-third；100thone hundredth2序数词前冠词的使用(1)序数词前一般要加定冠词the。This is the first one.这是第一个。(2)序数词前有时可用不定冠词a/an，此
6、时不强调顺序。“a/an序数词”相当于another，表示“又一个，再一个”。Youd better try a third time.你最好再试一次。(3)序数词用作副词时，不用冠词。First come, first served.近水楼台先得月。(4)序数词之前已有物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格修饰时，不再用定冠词。Ill never forget that first lesson taught by Mr Wang.我将不会忘记王老师教我的第一堂课。(5)序数词用在由“序数词名词”构成的形容词中时，不用定冠词。There is a first-class hotel over the
7、re.那里有一家一流的宾馆。 2022衡水中学高三调研Whaling was a primary industry in Australia in the nineteenth and early _ (twenty) centuries but whaling in Australia was limited in 1987.【答案】twentieth【解析】考查数词。句意：在19世纪和20世纪早期，捕鲸是澳大利亚的主要产业，但是在1987年，澳大利亚的捕鲸业受到限制。表示“在世纪”时，通常用序数词。故填twentieth。1The Food and Agricultural Organiz
8、ation of the United Nations says about one _ (three) of the food produced worldwide each year is wasted or lost.【答案】third【解析】根据语境 “三分之一的食物被浪费或流失”可知，此处指三分之一，结合空前的one可知，该空填序数词third。2In the summer holiday following my _(eighteen) birthday, I took driving lessons.【答案】eighteenth【解析】此处表示“我的18岁生日”，应用序数词eig
9、hteenth。考点三常见数词表达法名称例词专有名词Lesson 1, No.1 Middle School, Class 24, Row One, CCTV9基数词one, two, three, eleven, . 序数词first, second, third, fourth, fifth, eighth, twelfth, . 小数10.503读作ten point five zero three, 1.3米读作one point three meters分数one third (a third) 三分之一， three fifths 五分之三， a quarter 四分之一百分数30
10、 percent (30 per cent) 30%钟点Its nine.(Its nine oclock.)九点， five thirty 五点三十分， five to two 一点五十五分， five past seven七点零五分日期2021年2月3日读作February the third, twenty twentyone，写作February 3, 2021(美式)或3 February, 2021(英式)年份1830读作eighteen thirty, 2001读作two thousand and one月份January, February, March, April, May
11、, June, July, August, September, October, November, December星期Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday考点四常见数词构成的短语an eightyearold boy a boy aged 8 一个8岁的小男孩three times as big as 是的三倍大in the 1980s (1980s) 在二十世纪八十年代in his fifties 在他50多岁时two dozen books 两打书dozens of 许多a score of ca
12、rs 二十(几)辆汽车scores of 许多a hundred people 100个人hundreds of 好几百a second 又一，再一the second 第二个on second thoughts 转念一想fortnight 两周a quarter past two 两点十五分a quarter to two 一点四十五分(差十五分到两点)in the 21th century 在21世纪two more booksanother two books 再多两本书half an hour 半小时two and a half years两年半every other day 每隔一天
13、every few days 每隔几天every three daysevery third day 每隔两天，每三天second to none 首屈一指an hours ride 一小时的路程ten to one 十之八九nine times out of ten 十之八九twos and threes 三三两两，零零星星sixes and sevens 乱七八糟考点五表示“许多，大量；一些”的词和短语特征词语备注只修饰可数名词a few, quite a few, many, a good many，a large number of, dozens of, scores of， hun
14、dreds of, thousands of, millions of作主语时，谓语动词用复数只修饰不可数名词a little, much， a great deal of, a large amount of作主语时，谓语动词用单数既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词a lot of, lots of, plenty of作主语时，谓语动词单复数形式根据名词来定a large quantity of作主语时，谓语动词单复数形式由后面的名词决定large quantities of作主语时，谓语动词用复数【难点提示】难点1：分数或者百分数作主语时，谓语动词单复数的判定。难点2：当“a lar
15、ge quantity of名词”作主语及当“large quantities of名词”作主语时，谓语动词单复数的判定。难点3：要正确区分“在某一年”与“在几十世纪几十年代”的表达。【解题策略】策略1：分数或者百分数作主语时，忽略分数和百分数本身，只看of后的名词所指代的内容，来确定谓语动词的单复数。One third of the apple is rotten.这个苹果的三分之一坏了。One third of the apples are rotten. 这些苹果中的三分之一坏了。策略2：“a large quantity of名词”作主语，谓语动词根据of后的名词来决定，名词是可数名词
16、复数，谓语动词就用复数；名词是不可数名词，谓语动词就用单数。“large quantities of名词” 作主语，不用考虑名词是否可数，谓语动词一律用复数。Besides, a large quantity of mail bags were found. 此外，还发现了大量的邮包。Large quantities of water were wasted.大量的水被浪费了。策略3：表示“在某一年”用“介词in年份”；表示“在几十世纪几十年代”用“介词in定冠词the整十的复数形式”。In 1980, they went to college.在1980年，他们去上大学了。In the 19
17、80s, they were living a happy life.在二十世纪八十年代，他们过着幸福的生活。 (2023河南省九师联盟高三联考)In 2013, nearly a _ (three) of its population was still living under the absolute poverty line.【答案】third【解析】考查序数词。句意：于2013年，这个地区三分之一人口还仍然生活在绝对贫困线以下。此处考查分数的表达法。三分之一表达为：one third (a third) 。故填third。1(2023重庆育才中学高三期中测试)The reason f
18、or that can date back to the _ (one) half of the 1900s when reading from right to left was still the customary way in China. 【答案】first【解析】考查序数词。句意：那个原因可以追溯的到19世纪上半叶，在中国从右向左阅读仍然是一种习惯。此处表示：19世纪上半叶the first half of the 1900s。故填first。2(2023江苏省南京市高三二模)Most Brits spend almost _ (two) as much of their leis
19、ure time socializing with others as they do being alone.【答案】twice【解析】考查倍数表达法。句意：大多数英国人花在社交上的时间几乎是他们独处时间的两倍。此处是twice asas句型，意为：的2倍。故填twice。1.（2023全国甲卷 语法填空）Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesops fables date to the (six) century, BC. 【答案】sixth【解析】考查序数词
20、。句意:寓言是许多早期文化的口头传统的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前六世纪。根据句意可知,这里指公元前六世纪,故填序数词sixth。2(2023上海长宁高三二模)A couple in their _ (seventy) living in London, UK can choose to play golf in councilrun courses costing from 10 each time.【答案】seventies【解析】考查数词表达法。此处指在他们七十几岁的时候，表达为：in their seventies。故填seventies。3(2023湖南省邵阳市武冈市高三
21、期中考试)Water shortage is one of the greatest crises facing us today, with two _ (three) of the global population living in areas where water is scarce (稀缺的) for a month or more every year. 【答案】thirds【解析】分数是由基数词(分子)和序数词(分母)构成。two thirds意为“三分之二”。故填thirds。4A large quantity of water _ (store) in the reser
22、voir. 【答案】is stored【解析】“a large quantity of名词”作主语，谓语动词根据of后的名词来决定，water为不可数名词，且water与store为被动关系。故填is stored。5Two thirds of the region _ (have) been deforested in the past decade.【答案】has【解析】分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由of后名词决定， the region 表示单数意义。故填has。6(2022福建省厦门市高三毕业班第二次质量检测)This year, Remila spent her _ (five)
23、Spring Festival aboard the carrier.【答案】fifth【解析】句意：今年，瑞米拉在航母上度过了她的第五个春节。表示“第五”，应用序数词。故填fifth。7(2022山东省滨州市高三二模)A woman in her _ (sixty) told him her husband had died of cancer a week earlier.【答案】sixties【解析】in ones sixties意为“在某人六十多岁时”。故填sixties。8(2023河南省九师联盟高三联考)Climate science has been rapidly advanc
24、ing in recent years, but the foundations were laid _ (hundred) of years ago.【答案】hundreds【解析】hundreds of “成百上千的”。故填hundreds。9(2022辽宁省鞍山市第一中学高三六模)In San Francisco, nearly $6.5 million _ (spend) by landlords and service agencies each year on hoardingrelated issues.【答案】is spent【解析】$6.5 million作主语，谓语动词用单
25、数；根据时间状语each year可知，用一般现在时；主语与动词spend为被动关系。故填is spent。10(2022吉林省实验中学高三学期模拟考)The majority of the inhabitants (居民) left for the mainland in the early _ (1990)【答案】1990s【解析】in the early 1990s意为“在二十世纪九十年代早期”。故填1990s。11(2023福建省高三期中联考)There are still many trompe loeil houses in villages like Camogli, but o
26、nly a few artists _ (be) available to paint them.【答案】are【解析】a few修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。故填are。12(2023四川省德阳市高三诊断)My parents frequently traveled for work, sometimes as far as Hainan Province when I was a child, and they used to return home every few _ (month)【答案】months【解析】every few months意为“每隔几个月”。故填month
27、s。能力提升【2023河南省安阳市TOP二十名校摸底】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。词数：216话题：中国文化生肖Chinese Zodiac (生肖) StoryAccording to the legend, the Jade Emperor(ruler of heaven) would like to measure time by twelve different animals. He told animals that he would hold a great race on his birthday, the prize of _1_
28、was twelve positions on the Chinese zodiac calendar. The cat asked the rat to help it sign up, _2_ the rat forgot its promise, so the cat wasnt included. Thereafter, the cat and rat were _3_(enemy).The ox was _4_(original) first, but he was so kind that he agreed _5_(carry) the little rat across the
29、 river. Just as they were about to reach _6_ other side of the river, the rat jumped off the oxs back and crossed the finish line _7_(one). So, the rat became the top of the zodiac animals, and the ox had been tricked into the second place.The 12 animal signs of the Chinese zodiac _8_(divide) into 2
30、 categories by Chinese philosophyYin and Yang Theory. Yin is receptive and feminine; while Yang is _9_(act) and masculine (阳性的). Its believed that odd (奇数的) numbers belong to yang and even numbers belong to yin. The yin or the yang of the animal is defined based on the number of _10_(they) toes. The
31、 12 animals are arranged in an alternating yin-yang sequence.【答案】1which2but3enemies4originally5to carry6the7first8are divided9active10their【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国的生肖故事以及生肖被分为阴阳两类的依据。1考查定语从句。句意：他告诉动物们，他将在他的生日那天举行一场盛大的赛跑，比赛的奖品是中国十二生肖的十二个位置。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词race，作介词的宾语，指物，故用关系代词which。故填which。2
32、考查连词。句意：猫让老鼠帮它报名，但是老鼠忘记了它的承诺，所以猫没有参加。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用表示转折的连词but。故填but。3考查名词的数。句意：从此，猫和老鼠成了敌人。enemy为可数名词，根据上文the cat and rat可知用复数形式。故填enemies。4考查副词。句意：牛本来是第一个过河的，但是他很善良，所以同意带着小老鼠过河。修饰后文序数词first应用副词originally，故填originally。5考查非谓语动词。句意：牛本来是第一个过河的，但是他很善良，所以同意带着小老鼠过河。结合句意表示“同意做某事”可知短语为agree to do sth.。故填
33、to carry。6考查冠词。句意：就在他们快要到达河对岸的时候，老鼠从牛背上跳了下来，第一个越过了终点线。此处特指两边中的另一边，应用the other。故填the。7考查序数词。句意：就在他们快要到达河对岸的时候，老鼠从牛背上跳了下来，第一个越过了终点线。表示“第一”应用数词first。故填first。8考查时态和语态。句意：中国的十二生肖被中国哲学分为阴阳两类。表示“被分成”短语为be divided into，陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为The 12 animal signs of the Chinese zodiac，是复数。故填are divided。9考查形容词。句意：阴善于接纳，阴柔；而阳则活跃，阳刚。作表语，表示“活跃”应用形容词active。故填active。10考查代词。句意：动物的阴或阳是根据它们脚趾的数量来定义的。修饰名词toes应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司