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1、【考研英语】2021年 8 月北京地质与地球物理研究所研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】For their own safety,household pets should be confined to their ownyard.A、tamedB、regainedC、restrictedD、contained【正确答案】C【答案解析】confine限制。restrict限制，约束。参考课文：为了自身安全，家养究物应该关在主人自己的后院中。第2题【单选题】Both Tom and his brother take after their father not onl
2、y in appearancebut also in character.A、resembleB、assimilateC、followD、reflect【正确答案】A【答案解析】take after与 相像。resemble像，相似。参考译文：汤姆和他兄弟不仅长相像他们父亲，性格也相似。第3题【单选题】Everywhere man has cut down forests in order to grow crops,orto use wood as fuel or as building material.A、the,theB、the,/C、/,theD、1,1【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案
3、选C o森林你不知道具体是哪里的，所以要泛指。而木头指的是砍下的，所以特指。第4题【单选题】Both Tom and his brother take after their father not only in appearancebut also in character.A、resembleB、assimilateC、followD、reflect【正确答案】A【答案解析】take after与 相像。resemble像，相似。参考译文：汤姆和他兄弟不仅长相像他们父亲，性格也相似。第5题【单选题】I to call on you yesterday,but someone came to
4、 see me justwhen I was about to leave.A、didn/t intendB、had intendedC、intendedD、was intending【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B o考查时态。对过去发生或未发生的事情的假设，用过去完成时，所以选B项，表示一种遗憾或未曾实现的愿望。这里意思是“我本想/打算昨天来拜访你的,但是 第6题【单选题】He is about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympicsnext year.A、optimisticB、optionalC、outstandingD
5、、obvious【正确答案】A【答案解析】optimistic乐观的。optional选择的。outstanding出色的/醒目的。obvious明显的。第7题【单选题】Many businessmen attended the Boao Forum(博鳌论坛)because theyknew what from the forum.A、to getB、to be gotC、gotD、getting【正确答案】A【答案解析】英语中，许多动词(如:know,decide,tell sb.,showsb.等)后可接疑问代词或疑问副词+不定式短语的结构来作宾语。题中 knew what to get
6、 相当于 knew what they would get。第8题【单选题】The number of the people who cars increasing.A、owns;areB、owns;isC、own;isD、own;are【正确答案】C【答案解析】本句话的定语从句是who own cars.其先行词是people,因此，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own.本句话主句的主语是The number of指.的数目，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is.第9题【单选题】He is not such a man would leave his work half done.A、th
7、atB、whichC、whoD、as【正确答案】D【答案解析】a s引导定语从句时通常构成such.as或thesame.as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。第10题【单选题】me to give you some advice.A、PurchaseB、EssenceC、PermitD、Bound【正确答案】C【答案解析】Permit许可；允许。第11题【单选题】We have great differences today.What brings us together is that we ha
8、vecommon interests which transcend those differences.A、现在我们有很大的分歧。但使我们走到一起的，是我们有跨越这些分歧的共同利益。B、今天我们有巨大的不同。使我们走到一起的，是我们有超越这些不同的共同利益。C、今天我们有巨大的分歧。使我们走到一起的，是我们有超越这些分歧的共同利益。D、今天我们有巨大的不同。使我们来到一起的，是我们有超过这些不同的共同兴趣。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。great differences在句子中表示的是 巨大的分歧”的意思；interests在本句中不是表示 兴趣，而是表示双方之间共同的利益。第12题【
9、单选题】The violence within a society is controlled through institutions oflaw.The more developed a legal system becomes,the more society takesresponsibility for the discovery,control,and punishment of violent acts.In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence isrevenge.Each fa
10、mily group may have the responsibility for personallycarrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committedthe offense.But in legal systems,the responsibility for revenge becomesdepersonalized and diffused.The society assumes the responsibility forprotecting individuals from violence.In
11、cases where they cannot beprotected,the society is responsible for imposing punishment.In a statecontrolled legal system,individuals are removed from the cycle ofrevenge motivated by acts of violence,and the state assumesresponsibility for their protection.What does the author mean bysaying.in legal
12、 systems,the responsibility for revenge becomesdepersonalized and diffused?A、Legal systems greatly reduce the possibilities of physical violence.B、Offenses against individuals are no longer judged on a personalbasis.C、Victims of violence find it more difficult to take revenge.D、Punishment is not car
13、ried out directly by the individuals involved.【正确答案】D【答案解析】解题时要注意题干中这句话开头的but一词,既然该句是由b u t引导的转折，则上文往往是理解该题的关键。在上面一句中，作者提到在部落社会中，对犯罪者的审判和惩罚往往由家族进行，接下来话锋一转，说在法律系统中，这种报复的责任已经非个人化了、分散了，也就是说,不是由所涉及的个人来进行了，故D正确。第13题【单选题】In times of economic crisis,Americans turn to their families for support.If the Great
14、 Depression is any guide,we may see a drop in our skyhighdivorce rate.But this won/t necessarily represent an increase in happymarriages.In the long run,the Depression weakened American families,and the current crisis will probably do the same.We tend to think of theDepression as a time when familie
15、s pulled together to survive huge joblosses.By 1932,when nearly one-quarter of the workforce wasunemployed,the divorce rate had declined by around 25%from 1929.But this doesnt mean people were suddenly happier with theirmarriages.Rather,with incomes decreasing and insecure jobs,unhappycouples often
16、couldnt afford to divorce.They feared neither spousecould manage alone.In the Great Depression many unhappy coupleschose to stick together b e c a u s e.A、starting a new family would be hardB、they wanted to better protect their kidsC、living separately would be too costlyD they expected things would
17、turn better【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选Co推理判断题。由题干中的和unhappycouples定位到文章第2 段最后两句。随着收入下降和工作的不稳定，不幸福的家庭承担不起离婚的费用。他们担心任何一方都无法独自生活。由此可见，在大萧条时期，即使不幸福的家庭也会选择共同生活，因为离婚的费用和独自生活的成本太高了，故答案为C。第14题【单选题】This Convention shall be subject to ratification or acceptance by thesignatory States.A、本公约的生效取决于签字国的批准或接受。B、本公约须以签字国批准或接受
18、为生效条件。C、本公约须以签字国批准或接受为条件。D、本公约须经签字国批准或接受。【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D o 本题考查的知识点为法律文书的特点。无论是英语还是汉语，法律文件有一些共同的特点。英语 常 用shall,whereof,hereinafter等，汉语则常用“本公约须.，应.，呵 ，均等词语。第 15题【单选题】He wanted to look for occupation suited to his abilities.A、employmentB、psychologyC、speciesD majority【正确答案】A【答案解析】occupation职业；employm
19、ent职业；雇用。第 16题【单选题】The country was a place where men worked from dawn to dark,and thelabourer lived not in the sun,but in poverty and darkness.A、在农村，人们从早到晚都得干活,劳动者并不是沐浴在阳光下，而是生活在贫困和黑暗之中。B、在农村，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者不是沐浴在阳光下,而是贫困和黑暗。C、在这个国家，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者不是生活在阳光下，而是挣扎在贫穷和黑暗之中。D、在这个国家，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者不是沐浴在阳光下，而是
20、贫穷和黑暗。【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。本题考查的知识点为理解原意。有些很普通的词语，我们很熟悉，一见到，便首先想到他们最基本的含义或最常见的含义。在此题中，country并不是 国家 ，而是指“农村。第 17题【单选题】Cost was a key in our decision.A、philosopherB、innovationC、qualityD、element【正确答案】D【答案解析】element元素；要素；原理；成分；自然环境。第 18题【单选题】For their own safety,household pets should be confined to their
21、ownyard.A、tamedB、regainedC、restrictedD、contained【正确答案】C【答案解析】confine限制。restrict限制，约束。参考课文：为了自身安全，家养究物应该关在主人自己的后院中。第19题【单选题】Water is absent in this area.A、ampleB、assiduousC、affluentD、deficient【正确答案】D【答案解析】absent缺 少 的;deficient不足的；有缺陷的；不充分的。第20题【单选题】Scarcely less important than machinery in the agricu
22、ltural revolution wasscience.A、在农业革命中，科学没有机械重要。B、在农业革命中，机械没有科学重要。C、在农业革命中，科学和机械几乎同等重要。D、在农业革命中，机械和科学都不怎么重要。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C o 本句考查程度副词的翻译。本句的翻译重点是Scarcely less important,scarcely是程度副词，意思是 几乎不，简直没有。它本身带有否定的意思。lessimportant意思是 不如.重要，而加scarcely之后，双重否定表示肯定，意思是两者是差不多同样重要的，所以应该选 C。第21题【单选题】On a September
23、 day in 1991,two Germans were climbing the mountainsbetween Austria and Italy.High up on a mountain pass,they found thebody of a man lying on the ice.At that height。,499 feet,or 3,200meters）,the ice is usually permanent,but 1991 had been an especiallywarm year.The mountain ice had melted more than u
24、sual and so thebody had come to the surface.It was lying face downward.Theskeleton（骨架）was in perfect condition,except for a wound in the head.There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes.Thehands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feetthere were very simple
25、 leather and cloth boots.Nearby was a pair ofgloves made of tree bark（树皮）and a holder for arrows.What can beinferred from paragraph 2?A、The Iceman lived a poor life.B、The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head.C、The Iceman was struck dead from behind.D、The Iceman was killed while working.
26、【正确答案】B【答案解析】推理判断的答案不会偏离主题，但答案在文章中肯定没有。长选项可以作为答案的参考。第22题【单选题】Any principle is preferable to none.A、秘密的B、首要的C、初步的D、更好的【正确答案】D【答案解析】preferable a d j.更好的，更可取的;更合意的。第23题【单选题】Father had no more than a superficial knowledge of music.A、widespreadB、shallowC、reluctantD、subsequent【正确答案】B【答案解析】superficial 表面的;
27、肤浅的；shallow浅的;肤浅的。第24题【单选题】The tall,well-dressed gentleman standing before me was certainly a farcry from the old sea wolf of my imagination.A、站在我面前的这位身材高大、衣着讲究的先生，当然是像我想象中的老海狼发出的一声遥远的呼唤了。B、一位身材高大、衣着讲究的先生站在我面前，发出的一声遥远的呼唤，像我想象中的老海狼。C、站在我面前的是一位身材高大、衣着讲究的先生，与我先前想象的老海怪完全不同。D、站在我面前的是一位身材高大、衣着讲究的先生，与我想象中的
28、老海怪一样发出了长长的叫声。【正确答案】C【答案解析】standing before me”是现在分词短语，作定语，修辞“gentleman”,译成汉语可放在句首。a far cry fromsth/doing sth”是习语，意思是：a very different experience fromsth/doing sth与某事物 做某事物 大不相同。wolf是狼的意思，sea wolf在这里是指海员，海员因长期在海上航行，在常人眼里有点怪异，译作 海怪比较贴切。第25题【单选题】Tom,a near-sighted young man,went on a blind date with a
29、 girl.The twowere satisfied with each other.And they exchanged their telephonenumbers.What can we learn about Tom?A、Tom made a good impression on the girl at first.B、It was the first time that Tom had dated a girl.C、Tom was blind.D、Tom was handsome and popular with the girls.【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选Ao细节判断题。
30、从The two were satisfiedwith each other可知，相亲过后，两人对对方都很满意，所以A选项正确，汤姆第一次见对方就留下了很好的印象。B项所表述内容在文中找不到根据，不能判断这是汤姆第几次约会。根据文章描述，汤姆只是near-sighted,远不到盲了的地步。文章仅讲述了汤姆和某一个女孩相亲的精力，对他的个人魅力以及是否受女孩欢迎并未提及。第26题【单选题】It is amusing that she her father/s bad temper as well as hermother/s good looks.A、inheritedB、retainedC、p
31、reservedD、maintained【正确答案】A【答案解析】本题的B、C和D选项虽然意思有些相近，但从题句意来看只有A符合题意。inherit经遗传而得（性格、特征等）。第27题【单选题】This Convention shall be subject to ratification or acceptance by thesignatory States.A、本公约的生效取决于签字国的批准或接受。B、本公约须以签字国批准或接受为生效条件。C、本公约须以签字国批准或接受为条件。D、本公约须经签字国批准或接受。【正确答案】D【答案解析】答 案 选D o本题考查的知识点为法律文书的特点。无论
32、是英语还是汉语，法律文件有一些共同的特点。英语 常 用shall,whereof,hereinafter等，汉语则常用“本公约须.，“应 ，可.，“均等词语。第28题【单选题】Spiders are not insects,as many people think,nor even nearly related tothem.A、正如许多人认为的那样，蜘蛛并不是昆虫，甚至和昆虫一点关系都没有。B、蜘蛛并不像许多人认为的那样是昆虫，它和昆虫一点关系都没有。C、正如许多人认为的那样，蜘蛛就是昆虫，和昆虫密不可分。D、蜘蛛正像许多人认为的那样不是昆虫，它和昆虫一点关系都没有。【正确答案】B【答案解析
33、】答案选Bo本题需要注意as many people think,表示的是“许多人认为蜘蛛是昆虫；此 外nor在此处表示的是否定，即“它和昆虫一点关系都没有第29题【单选题】The thief tried to open the locked door but.A、in no wayB、in vainC、without effectD、at a loss【正确答案】B【答案解析】in no way决不。in vain徒劳。without effect无效。at a loss茫然。第30题【单选题】Physiologically,we are rhythmical.We must eat,sle
34、ep,breathe,and playregularly to maintain good health.Emotionally we are rhythmical,too,for psychologists say that all of us feel alternate periods of relativedepression and exhilaration.Intellectually we are also rhythmical,for wemust have periods of relaxation following periods of concentration.Itn
35、aturally follows then that rhythm,a fundamental aspect of our lives,must be a part of any good literary work whether poetry orprose.According to the passage,which of the following pairs of activitiesbest illustrates intellectual rhythm?A、Studying a science book and then studying a psychology bookB、L
36、earning a poem and then taking a napC、Playing ball at the beach and then going swimmingD、Solving a math problem and then solving a chemistry problem【正确答案】B【答案解析】答 案 选B o段落的结尾处讲到：在脑力活动方面，我们也同样是有节奏的，因为我们在高度集中精力一段时间以后，必须让脑子有一个松弛的阶段（we must haveperiods of relaxation following periods of concentration）。根
37、据这个信息，A、D 项内容都是高度集中的脑力活动，与原文内容恰好相反；B 项内容是学习诗歌与小睡一会，正好符合原文，一张一弛。而 C 项内容又全是不费脑力的活动，也不符合原文。第31题【单选题】Drug use accounts for approximately three-quarters of all reportedcases of HIV in the country.A、possiblyB、roughlyC、generallyD specificly【正确答案】B【答案解析】approximately大致地，近似地。roughly大体上，大致上。参考译文：在那个国家，在所报道的所有
38、艾滋病病例中，吸毒者约占75%。第32题【单选题】The exhibition of poor sportsmanship a sense of disgust in allwho witnessed it.A、roseB、aroseC、arousedD、raised【正确答案】C【答案解析】同源动词辨析首先区分一下词性，A、B两词为不及物动词，C、D两词为及物动词。再区分各词的词义：A)rose“升起，起来；起床，上升，上 涨A B)arose出现，产生,起来；C)aroused激起，引起；D)raised 抬起,举起,提高；筹(钱);抚养。第33题【单选题】This is now chan
39、ging.According to the OECD report,some 75%ofscholarly journals are now online.Entirely new business models areemerging;three main institutional subscribers pay for access to acollection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements.There is open-access publishing,typically supported by
40、asking the author(or his employer)to pay for the paper to be published.Finally,thereare open-access archives,where organizations such as universities orinternational laboratories support institutional repositories.Othermodels exist that are hybrids of these three,such as delayedopen-access,where jou
41、rnals allow only subscribers to read a paper forthe first six months,before making it freely available to everyone whowishes to see it.All this could change the traditional form of thepeer-review process,at least for the publication of papers.With theopen-access publishing model,the author of a pape
42、r is requiredto.A、cover the cost of its publicationB、subscribe to the journal publishing itC、allow other online journals to use it freelyD、complete the peer-review before submission【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A o 事实细节题。本题考查考生对文中具体细节信息的理解能力。本段介绍了通过互联网出版期刊的一些具体操作方式，包括so-called big deal、open-accesspublishing、open-
43、access archives和delayed open-access”。其中，在open-access publishing”方式中，作者被要求为所出版的文章支付费用。因此选项A 是正确答案。选项C 是网络出版前的情况；选项B、D 均与文章具体描述内容不符。第34题【单选题】The country was a place where men worked from dawn to dark,and thelabourer lived not in the sun,but in poverty and darkness.A、在农村，人们从早到晚都得干活,劳动者并不是沐浴在阳光下，而是生活在贫困
44、和黑暗之中。B、在农村，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者不是沐浴在阳光下,而是贫困和黑暗。C、在这个国家，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者不是生活在阳光下，而是挣扎在贫穷和黑暗之中。D、在这个国家，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者不是沐浴在阳光下，而是贫穷和黑暗。【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A o本题考查的知识点为理解原意。有些很普通的词语，我们很熟悉，一见到，便首先想到他们最基本的含义或最常见的含义。在此题中，country并不是 国家 ，而是指“农村。第35题【单选题】Will all those the proposal raise their hands?A、in relation toB、i
45、n contrast toC、in excess ofD in favor of【正确答案】D【答案解析】in relation to关于。in contrast to相反/对立。inexcess of 超出。in favor of 喜欢。第36题【单选题】Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan.A、这个计划没有一点用。B、这个计划只能招致灾祸。C、这个计划一点害处也没有。D、这个计划是要战胜一切灾害。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。nothing but表示案的意思。第37题【单选题】The flood went down,lea
46、ving the village destroyed.A、mainlyB、completelyC、exactlyD thoroughly【正确答案】B【答案解析】mainly主要的。completely完 全 的（强调整体性）。thoroughly彻 底 的（强调无疏漏）。第38题【单选题】I entered the hotel manager/s office and sat down.I had just lost 50and I felt very upset.I left the money in my room,I said,and its notthere now,The mana
47、ger was sympathetic,but he could do nothing.Everyone/s losing money these days.he said.He started to complainabout this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door.Agirl came in and put an envelope on his desk.It contained 50.I foundthis outside this gentleman/s room.she said.Well,I said
48、 to themanager,there is still some honesty in this world!What did the writerbelieve had happened to his money?A、He had left his money in the managers office.B、Someone had stolen his money.C、The manager had the money.D、The girl had stolen the money.【正确答案】B 答案解析】作者说：I left the money in my room,and itz
49、s notthere now”,这句话的含义就是He believed that someonehad stolen his moneyso因此，选项B 是正确答案。第39题【单选题】In the last 500 years,nothing about people-not their clothes,ideas,orlanguages has changed as much as what they eat.The original chocolatedrink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree（可可树）by SouthAmerican I
50、ndians.The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the worldduring the 1500/s.And although it was very expensive,it quickly becamefashionable.In London,shops where chocolate drinks were servedbecame important meeting places.Some still exist today.Some in thelast sentence of the paragraph refers to.A、so