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1、2023届上海市长宁区高三下学期二模英语试卷学校:姓名:班级:考号:一、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that
2、 best fits each blank.Swimmers enjoy cold swimsMany people enjoy swimming in icy cold water. An open-air swimming pool, (know) as a lido, in Bedfordshire, England, proved very popular this winter. The Woburn Lido is usually open from May to September, but this year it stayed open to swimmers through
3、out the autumn and winter months too.2 the lockdown for England was announced on 4 January, outdoor pools were allowed to remain open. “Demand has taken us by surprise/5 said Murray Heining, a volunteer at the Woburn Lido. Over Christmas and New Year, the lido had to offer extra openings to keep up
4、with the demand from swimmers.Cold-water swimming 3 (grow) in popularity in the UK over the past few years. A survey found that 7.5 million people in England had swum in outdoor pools, as well as lakes, rivers and the sea, in 2018. In some areas, such as the river Wharfe in Yorkshire, this new trend
5、 has made environmental groups think more about 4 the water is cleared of pollution and clean enough for bathers.Some people make it a regular practice; 5 just enjoy a refreshing dip on Christmas Day, Boxing Day or New Years Day. Every year around the UK, people 6 (photograph) plunging into icy wate
6、r, often in fancy dress, and the recent festive period was no exception, 7 freezing temperatures.The Outdoor Swimming Society classifies temperatures below 6 as Baltic“ and from 6-11 as freezing”. They advise people to get in the water gradually, so as 8 (not shock) the body. Likewise, they recommen
7、d warming up gradually, and not 9 (rush) the process by leaping into a hot bath when you get out. Instead, they suggest layering up and drinking something warm.It wasnt just the water that was cold-many people experienced a white Christmas; snow fell in several counties including Yorkshire and Suffo
8、lk. Paul Davies, the UK MetB. There is still some doubt about how big the marine offsetting effect might be.C. Its really hard to turn blue carbon conservation and restoration into carbon credits that you can sell.D. Something similar might work in the oceans, by stimulating the growth of marine and
9、 coastal ecosystems.E. And conserving them is important given how much fishing and other activities have degraded them.F. The big objection to all these plans is the possibility of negative environmental side effects.六、概要写作51 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 wor
10、ds the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.Kangaroos can “talk” to usKangaroos can talk to people, according to a new study. The report is the first research of its kind to be done on marsupials一a type of creature whose young get carried in skin
11、pockets on their mothers body. It suggests kangaroos are cleverer than previously thought.Researchers from the University of Roehampton in the UK and the University of Sydney in Australia tested kangaroos at the Australian Reptile(爬行动物)Park, Wildlife Sydney Zoo and Kangaroo Protection Co-operative.
12、The scientists put food in a box that the kangaroos could not open, and waited to see what the animals would do. Rather than giving up, 10 out of the 11 kangaroos actively looked at the person who had put the food in the box and then looked at the box. The researchers said this could be interpreted
13、as the kangaroos requesting help to open the container.Dr Alexandra Green, a co-author of the study, told The Guardian newspaper that some of the kangaroos actually approached the person and started scratching(挠)and sniffing(嗅) him, then looked back at the box. So they were really trying to communic
14、ate,Green said. This behaviour is not uncommon in animals. However, it is usually only seen in domesticated animals, such as pets or farm animals. The lead author of the study, Dr Alan McElligott, explained, Through this study, we were able to see that communication between creatures can be learnt a
15、nd that the behaviour of looking at humans to access food is not related to domestication. Indeed, kangaroos showed a very similar pattern of behaviour we have seen in dogs, horses and even goats, when put to the same test,“ he added.It is hoped that the study will give people a more positive attitu
16、de towards kangaroos, which are sometimes seen as harmful creatures that damage farmers5 crops.七、汉译英(整句)52 .就我而言,姑姑包的赤豆粽子就是珍保美味。(wrap)(汉译英)53 .有人认为2023年机器人有可能接手我们人类40%的工作。(让)(汉译英)54 .许多经验丰富的摄影师都建议从离家近的当地景点开始拍摄旅游微视频。(What.) (汉译英)55 .那个星夜父亲划小船送我们母女去外婆家,河面平静如镜,蛙声四起,真是浪漫。 (which)(汉译英)八、建议信56 . Direction
17、s: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是明启中学的高三学生李华。学校将开设讲座“上海老洋房”,现就讲座内容征求 学生的意见。请给负责的王老师写封邮件,具体提出你的建议。内容须包括:1)你对讲座内容的具体建议;2)简述你的理由。试卷第12页,共12页参考答案:1. known 2. Until/Till/Before 3. has been growing/has grown 4. whether5. others6. are
18、 photographed 7. despite 8. not to shock 9. rushing 10. whose【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了今年冬天,英格兰贝德福德郡的露天游泳池非常 受欢迎,介绍了人们冬泳的情况和专家的建议。1 .考查非谓语动词。句意:今年冬天,英格兰贝德福德郡的露天游泳池非常受欢迎。短语 be known as表示以著称,省略be动词,过去分词作状语。故填known。2 .考查状语从句。句意:直到英国1月4日宣布封锁(之前),室外游泳池被允许保持开放。 引导时间状语从句,表示“直到可用until或till;或表示“在.之前用before。句首单词 首字母
19、大写。故填Until/Till/Before。3 .考查时态。句意:过去几年,冷水游泳在英国越来越受欢迎。根据后文“over the past few years”指表示过去发生的动作持续到现在,并且可能继续进行下去,应用现在完成进行时; 也可表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响,用现在完成时,故填has been growing/has growno 4.考查宾语从句。句意:在一些地区,如约克郡的沃夫河,这种新趋势使环保组织更多地 考虑河水是否清除了污染,是否足够干净,适合游泳。此处句子作介词about的宾语,引导 宾语从句,表示“是否“应用whether,故填whether。5 .考查代词。句意
20、:有些人把它作为一种常规做法;还有一些人只在圣诞节、节礼日或新 年时泡个澡。表示“一些还有一些”句型为some.others.。故填others。6 .考查时态语态。句意:在英国,每年都会有人穿着奇装异服跳入冰水中,最近的节日期 间也不例外,尽管气温极低。主语与谓语构成被动关系,结合上文Every year可知为一般现 在时的被动语态,主语为people,谓语用复数。故填are photographed。7 .考查介词。句意:在英国,每年都会有人穿着奇装异服跳入冰水中,最近的节日期间也 不例外,尽管气温极低。后跟名词作宾语,表示“尽管”应用介词despite。故填despite。8 .考查非谓
21、语动词。句意:他们建议人们慢慢下水,以免对身体造成冲击。此处作目的状 语,so as not to do sth.o故填 not to shock。9 .考查非谓语动词。句意:同样,他们建议慢慢热身,不要一出来就冲个热水澡。短语 recommend not doing sth.表示“不建议做某事。故填 rushingo10 .考查定语从句。句意:英国气象局首席气象学家保罗戴维斯是一名研究天气的科学家, 他表示,天气预报表明“最近经历的寒冷天气可能会持续到1月份”。定语从句修饰先行词 scientist,在从句作定语,故用whose。故填whose。11 . B 12. C 13. E 14.
22、F 15. K 16. D 17. H 18. J 19.120. A【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述作者加入菲利普莫里斯国际公司参与研究根无烟社会相关 的产品的经历。11 .考查动词。句意:2008年,当我得知菲利普莫里斯国际公司(PMI)正在建造一个新 的实验室,以评估将成为无烟未来一部分的产品时,我说:“算我一个。”分析句意可知,使 用动词assess“评估”与不定式标志to构成目的状语,符合语境。故选B项。12 .考查形容词。句意:我们必须告诉自己要勇敢:别担心,看看数据。分析句意可知,使 用形容词courageous“勇敢的”作be动词的表语,符合语境。故选C项。13 .考查形容词。句意
23、:系统毒理学是一个令人兴奋和充满活力的领域。分析句意可知,使 用形容词dynamic“充满活力的”作is的表语,符合语境。故选E项。14 .考查动词。句意:然而,它产生了大量的数据,因为它将标准毒理学与新的多样化技术 相结合,有助于我们更大、更详细地了解有毒物质如何影响身体。分析句意可知,使用动词 generate生产”做谓语动词,符合语境,因为主语是it,故使用第三人称单数。故选F项。15 .考查副词。句意:这就是为什么我们毫无保留地分享我们的数据和方法。分析句意可知, 使用副词unreservedly“未保留地”作状语修饰动词share“分享”,符合语境。故选K项。16 .考查动词。句意:
24、向全世界展示开放不仅符合我们的最大利益,而且让全球科学界参与 进来也很重要,以便始终推动科学向前发展。分析句意可知,使用动词demonstrate”展示” 与不定式标志t。构成的短语作真正主语,符合语境。故选D项。17 .考查形容词。句意:科学支持的无烟产品对公众健康的潜在影响是巨大的。分析句意可 知,使用形容词potential“潜在的作定语修饰主语public health impact impact公众健康影响”, 符合语境。故选H项。18 .考查形容词。句意:虽然这些产品并非没有风险,而且会产生令人上瘾的尼古丁,但这 一突破意义重大。分析句意可知,使用形容词significant“重大
25、的”作is的表语,符合语境。 故选J项。19 .考查名词。句意:我们将继续向监管机构、科学家、公共卫生组织和政策制定者提供有 关无烟产品潜力的信息。分析句意可知,使用名词regulator“监管机构,监管者”作介词t。的宾语,符合语境,因为该词为可数名词,前无冠词或者量词表示单数,故使用复数形式。 故选I项。20 .考查名词。句意:我们将继续努力为世界上不完全戒烟和尼古丁的成年吸烟者递送无烟 替代品。分析句意可知,使用名词alternative“替代品”作动词deliver”递送”的宾语,符合语 境,因为该词为可数名词,前无冠词或者量词表示单数,故使用复数形式。故选A项。21 . C22. D
26、23. A24. B25. A26. B27. D 28. C 29. B30. C31. D32. B33. A34. D 35. C【导语这是一篇说明文。介绍了加州今年干旱减轻的现状,以及一些新的担忧。21 .考查介词短语辨析。句意:由于最近的一系列风暴,该州超过三分之一的地区现在迎来 了健康的降水量,随着时间的推移,加利福尼亚州的积雪一个重要的水源在内华达 山脉的一些地区已经达到了季节平均水平的两倍左右。A. According to根据;B. With respect to 关于;C. Thanks to 由于;D. In addition to 除了。根据上文“After five
27、long years, it appears Californias drought is finally becoming less severe.(经过漫长的五年,力口州的干旱似乎终于减 轻了。户可知,干旱得到缓解,而下文指出的就是缓解的原因。故选C项。22 .考查形容词辨析。句意:由于最近的一系列风暴,该州超过三分之一的地区现在迎来了 健康的降水量,随着时间的推移,加利福尼亚州的积雪一个重要的水源在内华达山 脉的一些地区已经达到了季节平均水平的两倍左右。A. official官方的;B.exhaustible用得 尽的;C. unexpected未料想的;D. crucial至关重要的。
28、根据本句snowpack (积雪)”可知,积 雪是重要水源。故选D项。23 .考查动词词义辨析。句意:与去年夏天相比,这有了显著的改善,当时该州的每一寸土 地都经历了干旱。A. experienced 经历;B. improved 提升;C. worsened 恶化;D. investigated 调查。根据本句搭配“every inch of the state(该州的每一寸土地)和drought conditions (干旱状 况)”可知,此处指的是这个州去年暑假到处都很干旱,即经历了干旱。故选A项。24 .考查名词词义辨析。句意:这对加州人来说也是个好消息,自2014年初州长杰里布朗 宣
29、布进入紧急状态以来,他们面临着一系列的用水限制。A. pollution污染;B. restrictions 限制;C. pressure 压力;D. cycles 循环。根据下文“Farmers have been forced to spend heavily to maintain production.(农民们被迫花费巨资来维持生产。户可知,因为干旱,包括农民在内的 加州人遭受了很多麻烦,这是因为政府限制用水。故选B项。25 .考查副词词义辨析。句意:然而,该州的水资源斗争远未结束。A. nevertheless然而;B. therefore 因此;C. meanwhile 同时;D.
30、 moreover 而且。根据上文Thats a dramatic improvement over last summer, when literally every inch of the state experienced drought conditions.(与去年夏天相比,这有了显著的改善,当时该州的每一寸土地都经历了干旱。)“ 可知,上文指出情况有好转,但本段接着却说斗争未结束,这是一个不好的现象,即前后文 存在转折关系。故选A项。26 .考查形容词辨析。句意:尽管最近一些地方的降雨量超过80英寸,但风暴预报的准确 性在一周后仍然不可靠。A. accurate精准的;B. ple
31、ntiful丰富的;C.consistent连贯的;D. emergent紧急的。根据本句破折号后的说明“in some places more than 80 inches (一些地方的 降雨量超过80英寸厂可知,降雨量充足。故选B项。27 .考查形容词辨析。句意:尽管最近一些地方的降雨量超过80英寸,但对一周以后的风 暴预报的准确性仍然不可靠。A. productive多产的;B. unchangeable无法改变的;C.progressive 进步的;D. unreliable 靠不住的。根据下文“The skill in that kind of forecasting is just
32、 not there.(这种预测的技巧尚未存在广可知,天气预测的技巧尚不成熟,可推测准确性不可 靠。故选D项。28 .考查动词短语辨析。句意:这从来没有发生过。A. fell behind落后;B. broke down出故 障;C. came about 出现;D. took off 腾飞。根据上文“Californians know this all too well: last year, experts projected a “Godzilla“ El Nino that would bring record levels of precipitation.(力口州人非 常清楚这一点
33、:去年,专家预测“哥斯拉厄尔尼诺现象将带来创纪录的降水量。户可知,专 家预测了 降水;而下文“The skill in that kind of forecasting is just not there.(这种预测的技巧尚 未存在。户可知,天气预测的技巧尚不成熟,因此专家的推测并不准确,其推测的创纪录的 降水量并未出现。故选C项。29 .考查短语辨析。句意:换句话说,风暴减缓是一种非常现实的可能性,它可能会使加利 福尼亚州没有足够的水来度过干燥的夏天。A. Or else要不然;B. In other words换言之;C. At that point 就在那时;D. Above all 总
34、之。根据本句a storm slowdown is a very real possibilityand it could leave California without enough water to make it through the dry summer.(风暴减缓是一种非常现实的可能性,它可能会使加利福尼亚州没有足够的水来度过 干燥的夏天。厂可知,此处延续上文,继续描述对降水量的推测,即是换一种方式说明上文 提及的预测。故选B项。30 .考查副词词义辨析。句意:历史上,当这种情况发生时,该州转向储存在地表深处天然 答案第4页,共14页岩层中的地下水。A. Literally字面意
35、思地;B. Contrarily反之;C. Historically在历史上;D.Consequently 因止匕。 根据本句“when that happens, the state has turned to groundwater stored in natural rock formations deep beneath the earths surface (当这种情况发生时,该州转向储存在地 表深处天然岩层中的地下水。)“可知,此句描述的是以前发生这种情况时的处理方法,即历 史上的处理方法。故选C项。31 .考查名词词义辨析。句意:但经过多年的干旱,这些储备仍然耗尽;琼斯说,在某些
36、地 方,修复它们可能需要数年时间。A. levels水平;B. formations构成;C.struggles挣扎;D. reserves 储备。 根据上文“Historically, when that happens, the state has turned to groundwater stored in natural rock fbnnations deep beneath the earths surface.(历史上,当这种情况发生时, 该州转向储存在地表深处天然岩层中的地下水。)“可知,以前发生干旱时,都会借助储存在 地表深层的地下水,这是水储备的一种方式。故选D项。32
37、.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:水的快速涌入也为水资源管理者创造了一种易被破坏的平 衡行为。A. random 随机的;B. delicate 易被破坏的;C. mechanical 机械的;D. insensible 无 知觉的。根据下文“Keeping surface reservoirs (zK库)filled to the edge protects against the possibility of a sudden dry spell, but it also heightens the risk of flooding if and when future storms hit.(
38、保持地表水库填充到边缘可以防止突然干旱的可能性,但如果未来风暴来袭,也 会增加洪水的风险。广可知,水的快速涌入很容易破坏平衡,同时可能造成干旱和洪水,即 这种平衡很容易被破坏。故选B项。33 .考查动词词义辨析。句意:保持地表水库填充到边缘可以防止突然干旱的可能性,但如 果未来风暴来袭,也会增加洪水的风险。A. heightens使变高,使加强;B.assumes认为; C. minimizes 最小化;D. identifies 认出。根据本句前半句Keeping surface 侬ervoiB (水库) filled to the edge protects against the pos
39、sibility of a sudden dry spell (保持地表水库填充至lj边缘 可以防止突然干旱的可能性)“可知,这能防止干旱的可能性,但转折连词but说明下半句并 列句与上文转折,即在提高防止干旱的可能性的同时也增加了洪水的可能性。故选A项。34 .考查名词词义辨析。句意:为此,在预测显示当地水位可能会继续上升后,水务管理人 员于本月早些时候打开了萨克拉门托堰的闸门,将水库水倒入附近的田地。A. restorations 恢复;B. calculations 计算;C. conditions 状况;D. projections 预测。根据下文“That、a calculation
40、 that will be made across the state in the coming months.(这是未来几个月将在全州 范围内进行的计算。)“可知,此处提及的未来几个月将会进行计算就是一种预测。故选D项。35 .考查副词词义辨析。句意:“我想说,我们谨慎乐观。A. hopelessly无望地;B. extremely 答案第5页,共14页极其;C. guardedly 谨慎地;D. cheerfully 开心地。根据上文“For now, though, Jones is focused on planning and ensuring the states water s
41、upply whatever may happen.(不过, 目 前, 无论发生 什么,琼斯专注于规划和确保该州的供水。户可知,虽然目前状况令人鼓舞,但是琼斯表示 还需专注于供水,故可知情况乐观但也需谨慎对待。故选C项。36 . A 37. A 38. D【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了 Alegria艺术风格作品。37 .推理判断题。根据第一段第一句If you search the internet these days, you4l likely run across some strange-looking, yet cheerful cartoon characters.(如果你这些天
42、在网上搜索,你很可能会 遇到一些长相奇怪但又很快乐的卡通人物)”可知,该艺术风格的作品拥有快乐的卡通人物形 象;根据第三段前三句Why did Alegria art become popular so quickly? There are many reasons. As websites depended on illustrations to fill space, Alegria-type art became increasingly useful.(为什么Alegria艺术如此迅速地流行起来?原因有很多。随着网站依赖插图来填补空间,阿 莱格里亚类型的艺术变得越来越有用)可知,该艺术
43、风格的作品在填补空间方面很起作用, 这是它流行起来的原因。基于以上内容可推断出该艺术风格被迅速接受的原因是它的作品形 象很快乐,又能有效填补空间。故选A项。38 .推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句These people think some companies have simply papered over their problems with positive images.(这些人认为一些公司只是用正面形象掩盖了他们的 问题)“可知,该艺术风格的形象可能能帮助掩盖问题,即掩盖错误。故选A项。39 .细节理解题。根据第二段第六句They named it Alegria, which m
44、eans joy in Spanish.(他们 将它命名为Alegria,在西班牙语中意思是开心)”和最后一段后三句For many, however, Alegria is a nice visual language that represents happiness. From children hugging to couples dancing, the images are all about positive energy. All in all, it seems that Alegria is the perfect name of this playful, fun art
45、 style.(然而,对许多人来说,阿莱格里亚语是一种很好的视觉语 言,代表着幸福。从孩子们拥抱到情侣们跳舞,这些画面都是关于正能量的。总而言之, Alegria似乎是这种有趣好玩的艺术风格的完美名字广可知,这个名字所呈现的含义和这种艺 术风格的形象具有的功能是一致的。故选D项。40 . B 40. D 41. C 42. D【导语】这是一篇应用文。向读者介绍了市政债券的相关信息。39 .细节理解题。根据第一段第二三句“Tax-free municipal bonds (市政债券)(often issued to fund major infrastructure projects for e
46、xample highways) offer two significant benefits. They can provide historically low risk, and income from bonds is federally (联邦地)tax free.(免税市政债 券(通常用于资助大型基础设施项目,如高速公路)提供了两大好处。它们可以提供历史上 较低的风险,而且债券收入是联邦免税的)”可知,对市政债券的投资风险较低,因此相对安 全。故选B项。40 .推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句Our specialists have created a helpful Bond Gu
47、ide for investors. Ifs free and comes with no obligation (义务)at all.(我们的专家为投资者创建了一份 有用的债券指南。它是免费的,没有任何义务)”可知,这一指南免费的同时不对投资者存在 任何义务,即不能保证投资者一定能获利,只做参考。故选D项。41 .推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第三句Income may be subject to state, local or federal alternative minimum tax.(收入可能需要缴纳州、地方或联邦替代最低税广可知,市政债券需 要缴纳州、地方或联邦替代最低税,而完成交
48、税也意味着受到州、地方或联邦一定的庇护。 故选C项。42 .推理判断题。根据第五段第一二句In case you want to know more about the benefits of tax-free municipal bonds, we now have an offer for you. Our specialists have created a helpful Bond Guide for investors.(如果您想了解更多关于免税市政债券的好处,我们现在为您提供优 惠。我们的专家为投资者创建了一份有用的债券指南)”可知,本文的目标读者是对市政债券 感兴趣的投资者。故选
49、D项。43 . A 44. C 45. B 46. B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。学习动机现在已经与第二语言身份认同联系在一起,第二语言 身份是动态的,文章主要阐述了不同背景下第二语言身份研究结果以及作者自己的观点。 43.词句猜测题。根据第一段中“static”所在句子“Motivation to learn has now been linked to a second-language identity, which is not conceptualised as static, but dynamic, shifting and open to change.(学习动机现在已经与第二语言身份认同联系在一起,第二语言的身份不是stat