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1、高考英语写作高分同义替换（一）1 好处/优点(benefit)除了benefit/advantage之外，还有下面这些词可以表示好处/优点：merit、virtue、blessing、boon、goodmerit常用作复数merits。同时讨论优缺点时，一般与demerit(缺点)搭配。Economists reconsider the merits of industrial policy, but some flaws are hard to fix.经济学家重新考虑了产业政策的优点，但有些缺陷很难修复。This report will explore the merits and dem
2、erits of remote working.这篇报告将探讨远程工作的优缺点。virtue可以用于短语have the virture of有着.的优点。One of the virtues of this job is the flexible hours.这份工作的一个优点就是工作时间灵活。This means of transport has the virtue of convenience.这种交通方式有便利这一优点。blessing/boon表示好的事物。由于是对事物的描述，因此经常作为表语：be a blessing/boon。Autonomous vehicles are a
3、 blessing/boon to humanity.自动驾驶汽车对人类来说是福音。good表示好处；益处，是个不可数名词。反义词为harm/damage，也是不可数。We must work together for the good of the community.我们必须为了社区的利益而共同努力。【for the good of sb/sth为了.的利益】For employers, remote working may do more harm than good.对于雇主来说，远程工作可能弊大于利。Such policies have the potential to do muc
4、h good or considerable harm to the national interest.这类政策可能会对国家利益产生很大的好处或相当大的损害。【do good to/do harm to对.有好处/坏处】2 坏处(problem/disadvantage)drawback、downside、flip side、harmdrawback常与benefit搭配：benefit-drawback，与advantage-disadvantage差不多同等。benefits除了与drawbacks搭配，还经常与risks/costs/problems搭配。Against these u
5、ncertain benefits, the risks are clear.与这些不确定的好处相比，风险显而易见。Those benefits must be weighed against the environmental harm.这些好处必须与其对环境的危害相权衡。downside/flip side表示事物不好的一面，一般用作单数形式。Everyone wants to be rich and famous, but it does have its downside.每个人都想财名双收，但是这样确实也有其不好的一面。Loss of privacy is the flip side
6、 of stardom.当明星的缺点就是没有隐私了。3 利弊除了最常用的advantages and disadvantages和上面讲到的benefits and drawbacks/risks/costs以及merits and demerits，还可以用下面两组词表示利弊。pros and cons (of sth)表示事物的利弊。需要注意，pros and cons是个固定短语，不能将pros和cons单独使用：the pros/cons of sth(X)Parents should weigh up the pros and cons of allowing their offsp
7、ring access to the internet.父母应该权衡一下允许他们孩子上网的利弊。promise and pitfalls/perils前景和隐患/问题。在描述新的事物(比如新科技)时，就可以用到这个组合。这个短语凸显了英文中的一种对称美：前后并列的两个词首字母相同，再比如safe and sound(安然无恙的)、twists and turns(起伏；曲折)。The promise and perils of artificial intelligence, which is still in its infancy, have yet to fully unfold.人工智
8、能依然处于发展初期，其前景和问题还没有完全展现出来。（二）1 使减少(reduce/lower/decrease)cut、cut down (on)、trim、slash cut是个非常常见的词，但是用来表示减少时，却非常地道。但是很少有同学用到。Switching to renewable energy is a necessary step towards cutting carbon emissions.转而使用可再生能源是实现减排的一个必要步骤。 cut down on既可以表示减少.的数量，也可以表示降低做某事的频率(不利于健康的事)。The machine significantl
9、y cuts down the amount of work necessary to harvest crops.这个机器大幅降低了收割作物所需的工作量。Cutting down on high-calorie food is considered beneficial for ones health.减少食用高卡路里的食物被认为对健康有益。 Working remotely helps employees to trim their commuting cost.远程工作有助于员工降低其通勤成本。 slash表示大幅降低，相当于greatly reduce。Governments need
10、 to slash the licensing requirements and other barriers that make it hard for newcomers to enter occupations.政府需要大幅减少执照要求以及其他使新人很难进入职业的障碍。2 减少(decrease)drop/diminish/fall/decline/go down、plummet/plunge、dwindle/taper off drop/diminish/fall/decline/go down这几个词表示减少时，意思用法基本相同。When supply rises, prices t
11、end to fall/drop/decline/go down.供给增加，价格通常会下降。 plummet/plunge表示骤降；突降。比decrease在意思上多了个程度suddenly/quickly。The last few years have seen peoples enthusiasm for overseas travel plummet due to the pandemic.过去几年，由于疫情，人们对于出国旅游的热情大幅消减。 dwindle和taper off表示逐渐减少。多了个程度gradually。As more and more people go to coll
12、ege, the returns on investment in higher education are tapering off.随着越来越多的人上大学，对于高等教育的投资回报正在逐渐减少。With the introduction of this policy, after-school tutoring has dwindled in significance.随着该政策的推出，课外培训的重要性已经逐渐降低。Note：一些表示增减的不及物动词可以与in搭配，构成vi+in n，表示具体哪方面的增加/减少。再比如：grow in number数量增加、gain in popularit
13、y更加流行、decrease in value价值降低。3 削弱(make sth weaker)undermine、dilute、impair undermine的英文释义为gradually make sth/sb less confident, effective or successful逐渐削弱。undermine的宾语常见的有confidence、position(地位)、credibility(可信度)。【同义词】erodeHer confidence has been undermined/eroded by repeated failures.她的自信心因为屡次的失败慢慢消磨
14、掉了。 dilute的本义为稀释，衍生义主要表示降低.的效果。常用搭配dilute the quality of。Large classes dilute the quality of education that children receive.大班课会降低孩子们所受教育的质量。 impair通常搭配某种能力(ability)或身体官能。带有damage的意思。Drinking impairs a persons ability to think clearly.饮酒会影响一个人清晰思考的能力。This disease impairs hearing and vision in elder
15、ly people.这个疾病会影响老年人的听力和视力。（三）一 使用；利用(use)take advantage of、utilise、employ、deploytake (full) advantage of(充分)利用=make good use ofStudents should take full advantage of their spare time to pursue their hobbies.学生应该充分利用闲暇时间培养兴趣。utilise相当于use，但是比use更加正式。utilise是英式拼写，美式写法为utilize。其名词形式the utilisation of=
16、the use of。We must learn to utilise the resources we have.我们必须学会利用所拥有的资源。This room is mainly utilised for training purposes.这个房间主要被用作训练。employ表示使用某种方式/手段。常用搭配：employ a method/technique。The report examines teaching methods employed in the classroom.该报告研究了课堂中使用的教学方法。deploy常用来表示使用某种科技，the deployment of
17、也可以替代the use of。New technology can be deployed to address this problem.可以使用新科技来应对这一问题。The government should introduce policies to encourage the deployment low-carbon technologies.政府应该推行政策来鼓励使用低碳技术。二 利用某事牟利capitalise on、cash in oncapitalise on表示利用某事来获得好处或牟利，目的性很强。capitalise来源于capital(资本)，即“将.变成资本”。ca
18、pitalise的美式拼写为capitalize，规律同utilise-utilize。Locals capitalise on these historic buildings to attract tourism and boost the local economy.当地人利用这些历史建筑来吸引旅游业并推动当地经济发展。cash in on表示乘机利用某事来赚钱。这个短语有时会带有贬义。Both physical and online shops have cashed in on the shopping festival.实体店和网络商店都利用了本次购物节来盈利。三、利用信息/资源e
19、xploit、draw on、tap (into)exploit表示充分有效地利用。比如利用资源、利用机会：exploit natural resources利用自然资源College students should exploit every opportunity to hone their skills.大学生应该利用一切机会来提升自己的技能。exploit也可以表示利用某种不正当的方式牟利。如“钻法律的漏洞”：exploit a legal loophole。exploit还有个相似的意思：剥削；压榨(其实也属于不正当地利用)，比如描述996文化中对员工的剥削：exploit empl
20、oyees剥削员工 | exploitative employers压榨员工的雇主。draw on表示利用某种经验/知识/信息。draw on personal experience利用个人经验 The report draws on several recent studies.该报告利用了最近几项研究。tap (into)同样表示利用、发掘已有的资源；知识；能力等。可以重点记一些搭配：In order to improve productivity, companies need to tap into workers potential.为了提升生产效率，企业需要挖掘工作者的潜能。The
21、re are numerous barriers to tapping into new markets.开拓新市场存在诸多阻碍。（四）一、投身于；致力于throw oneself into sth、dedicate/devote oneself to sth、bury/immerse oneself in sth、bend ones mind/efforts to sth易错点：上面的短语中出现的to是介词，如果后面要接动词，则要变成v-ing形式，如：dedicate/devote oneself to doing sth。如果一个短语中的to后面可以接名词，那么这个to就是介词，后面的动
22、词要变动名词。再比如：pay attention to doing sth、look forward to doing sth、approach to doing sth(做某事的方式)。He threw himself into an acting career, hoping to rise to fame overnight.他投身于演艺事业，希望能一夜成名。Students should not noly bury/immerse themselves in study, but engage in extra-curricular activities to recharge the
23、ir batteries.学生不应该只是沉迷于学习，还要参加课外活动来放松身心。【immerse oneself in sth也可以写成be immersed in sth】She has bent her efforts to the cause of environmental protection.她已致力于环保事业。【the cause of.表示某种事业】As an academic, he dedicates/devotes himself to imparting knowledge and doing research.作为一名大学老师，他投身于传授知识和做研究。dedicat
24、e/devote宾语通常是oneself/time/life/energy这几个词：dedicate/devote oneself/ones time/life/energies to。这里要特别注意energy这个词：energy表示人的精力时，是可以用作复数的，如：She devotes all her energies into charity work. 其他情况下，energy均为不可数，比如，renewable energies就是错误的写法。还有一组意思相近的表达也可以记一下：be absorbed/engrossed in sth，表示专心致志做某事。be absorbed/e
25、ngrossed in和be dedicated to/be devoted to/be immersed in的结构逻辑完全相同：其中的动词作主动语态时，宾语都可以是人，如：Online games absorb/engross(使全神贯注) children. | dedicate/devote/immerse后面接oneself。变成被动语态时，句子主语就变成了人。absorbed/engrossed/dedicated/devoted/immersed这些形容词本质上就是动词被动，使用时间长了就演变成了如今词典上能查到的形容词。再比如amazed/surprised/astonishe
26、d/frightened等以-ed结尾的表个人情感的形容词。搞清楚这个逻辑，这些短语就不会记错或者用错了。二、向.投入资金(spend money on sth)spend lavishly on、commit money to、invest heavily in、pump/pour money into、channel money into。其中，spend lavishly on和commit money to的动作主语可以是人。而后面几个通常都是政府、组织或机构发出的动作。Many parents of today spend lavishly on their offsprings e
27、ducation.如今很多家长在他们子女的教育上花费很大。【spend lavishly on就相当于spend a considerable amount of money on】Rich countries tend to invest heavily in higher education.富裕国家通常会大量投资于高等教育。【=invest a lot of money in】To reduce carbon emissions, governments have to pump/pour money into developing green technologies.为了降低碳排放量
28、，各国政府必须大量投入资金研发环保技术。【pump和pour的本义分别为输送和倾倒，因此衍生出了投入金钱的意思】Food and money were channeled into deprived areas.食物和钱被提供给贫困地区。The government has committed large amounts of money to education, transport and health care.政府在教育、交通和医疗方面投入巨资。commit的名词形式为commitment，同样可以表示花费，使用(资金、时间、精力)。如：Achieving success of thi
29、s level requires a commitment of time and energy.要想达到这种层次的成功，需要花费时间和精力。（五）1 实现某事的途径(a way to achieve sth)gateway、stepping stone、open sesame、springboard在写作中表示“敲门砖”，就可以用上面这些词。这些名词后面基本都是接to sth。如果后面要接动作，则需变成to doing sth，类似于access to doing sth(做某事的机会/权利)。Material wealth is not necessarily a gateway to h
30、appiness.物质财富未必能实现快乐。This job may be a stepping stone to better career prospects.这份工作可能是实现更好的职业前景的方式。有个短语和stepping stone构造相同，意思相反：stumbling block绊脚石。如：Lack of parental company is a stumbling block to the mental growth of left-behind children.缺少父母陪伴是留守儿童心理成长的绊脚石。A university degree is not always an o
31、pen sesame to a good job.大学学位并不一定是好工作的敲门砖。【open sesame的字面意思就是中文中的“芝麻开门”，表示能轻松实现某事的方式】Winning a prize in provincial or national contests is, for brilliant students, a springboard for admission into top universities in China.对于优秀的学生来说，在省级或国家比赛中获奖是被中国顶尖大学录取的一个途径。2 获得(get sth)secure、win、earn这几个词通常都强调经过自
32、己的努力而获得。Of the millions of students who sit the gaokao every year, only a few can manage to secure a place in prestigious universities.在每年参加高考的几百万学生中，只有少数一部分可以成功地获得名校录取资格。The univerisity has earned a reputation as a hotbed of academic activity.该大学获得了作为学术活动的温床的名声。She won the praise of teachers for he
33、r academic excellence.她因为学业成绩优秀而获得了老师们的表扬。win和earn还可以与副词hard构成合成词：hard-won/hard-earned来之不易的。如：a hard-won success来之不易的成功。3 带来回报(bring sb benefits)pay off、bring/pay dividends、be rewardedGovernment investment in higher education pays off both for individuals and for society at large.政府对于高等教育的投资既会使个人得到回
34、报，也对整个社会有利。pay还有个意思类似的句型：It pays (sb) to do sth.做某事(对某人)有好处。如：It pays to stick to a dietary regime.坚持饮食规则是有益的。Exercising regularly will bring dividends in the long run.从长期来看，经常运动会对身体大有裨益。bring/pay dividends表示有很大的好处，通常是表示在将来会带来好处。Her relentless determination and efforts were finally rewarded.她坚定的决心和努
35、力最终得到了回报。be rewarded的主语也可以是人，用作Sb be rewarded with sth，表示某人得到了具体什么回报。如：Workers who toiled in obscurity ended up being rewarded with pay rises and extra bonuses.默默无闻辛苦工作的工人最终得到了加薪和额外奖金的回报。reward作名词时，可以表示好处，回报。常用作一个固定短语：reap the rewards (of sth)得到回报。如：Those who take risks often reap the rewards.敢于冒险的人
36、通常会得到回报。（六）1 走红；火起来go viral、a household name、make/grab the headlines、cause/become a sensationgo viral多指在网络上火起来，比如一条浏览量过亿的视频。It takes luck and resonance for a video to go viral.一条视频要想火，既需要运气，也需要能引起观众的共鸣。a household name表示人尽皆知的人或事。常与系动词be或become搭配。Li Ziqi became a household name online after her video
37、s depicting an idyllic rural life went viral.李子柒在其描绘恬静的农村生活的视频火了之后，成了网络上的名人。make/grab the headlines表示成为热点新闻。Scandals surrounding celebrities are highly likely to grab the headlines.关于明星的丑闻很容易爆火。sensation表示轰动。常用作cause a sensation(造成轰动)或become a sensation(成为轰动的人/事物)。以前些天很火的一个加班事件造个句：News of a young em
38、ployee in a state-owned enterprise reprimanding his superior for asking him to work overtime caused a online sensation recently, but it later proved to be fabricated.一个国企的年轻员工因为上级要求他加班而对其进行痛骂的新闻最近在网上引起了轰动，但这件事后来被证实是编造的。2 成功或轰动的人/事物overnight success、hit、phenomenonovernight success表示迅速流行或成功的人/事物。表示成功的
39、人/事物，还可以用success story。The mobile game Sheep A Sheep was an overnight success.羊了个羊这款手机游戏迅速爆火。表示某人/某事突然爆火，之前还讲过一个表达：sb/sths meteoric rise to fame。如：The meteorite rise to fame of this mini game is partly attributed to players burning desire to clear a tricky yet seemingly surmountable level with simpl
40、e rules.这款迷你游戏的爆火在一定程度上是由于玩家极度渴望通过一个难度很高但看似可以通过的一个具有简单规则的关卡。hit作名词，可以表示很受欢迎的事物，常用于一些娱乐性的事物，比如歌、电影、节目等。The Wandering Earth II, a Chinese sci-fi movie, is a huge hit with young audiences.中国的科幻电影流浪地球2非常受年轻观众的喜欢。phenomenon除了表示现象，还可以表示非凡的或流行的人/事物。可以与一些形容词搭配，表示在具体某个领域。如：a cultural phenomenon、a technologic
41、al phenomenon。The movie eventually became a cultural phenomenon.这部电影最后成为了一个文化奇观。sensation和phenomenon两个词可以变成形容词：sensational/phenomenal，表示轰动的。常与success搭配：a sensational/phenomenal success巨大的成功。The video game title The Legend of Zelda has been a sensational/phenomenal success since its release.塞尔达这款电子游戏
42、在发布之后实现了巨大的成功。Scandals captivate our attention as sensational headlines punctuate the mundane din of modern life.丑闻吸引我们的注意力，是因为耸人听闻的头条新闻打断了现代生活中世俗的喧嚣。a phenomenal success还可以变成adv+adj的形式：phenomenally successful非常成功的。（七）1 worldworld可以表示某一具体的活动领域。用作the world of n或the adj world。其他表示领域的词基本也可以套用该结构。常用的有：t
43、he world of work职场the business world商界除此之外，world还可以表示某类国家，用作the adj world。如：the developed/developing world发达/发展中国家the western world西方国家2 circlecircle表示圈子，阶层。既可以表示人际关系圈子，如：family circle家庭圈、circle of friends朋友圈、social circle社交圈。circle也可以表示兴趣、职业圈子。此时只用于复数adj+circles。常见的有：political/academic/business/fin
44、ancial/scientific circles政坛/学术界/商界/金融圈/科学界。【例句】There has been considerable debate over this issue in academic circles.学术界关于该问题已经有了很大的争论。3 arena/communityarena/community两个词用法较为相似，可以表示兴趣、职业圈子，同样可以搭配上面那些表示领域的形容词：the political/academic/business/financial/scientific+arena/communityarena/community两个词还经常与i
45、nternational搭配：the international arena国际舞台the international community国际社会(=all nations)【例句1】Biodiversity and ecosystem services are gaining increasing attention in the international arena.生物多样性和生态系统服务在国际舞台中的关注度正在增加。【例句2】The international community needs to do more to support countries through this o
46、ften difficult process.国际社会需要采取更多措施来帮助各国渡过这个通常很艰难的过程。4 domaindomain常表示某个群体独占的领域。常用作within/outside the domain of sb/sth在某人负责的领域之内/之外。1 The care of the elderly is considered within the domain of the family.照顾老年人被视为是家庭范围内的事。2 Nursing is no longer solely a female domain.护理不再只是女性的领域。【male/female domain】表
47、示某个群体独有的领域，还可以用名词preserve，用作the/a preserve of sb：Higher education used to be the preserve of a privileged few.过去，只有少数人可以接受高等教育。5 territoryterritory表示知识或经验范围。常用作以下几个搭配：familiar/unfamiliar territory熟悉的/不熟悉的领域uncharted territory未涉足过的领域1 They must move beyond their area of strength and comfort into the
48、unfamiliar territory of trying to become a software platform company.他们必须跨出他们擅长和舒适的领域，涉足不熟悉的领域：尝试成为一家软件平台公司。2 With the advent of chatGPT, humanity is heading into uncharted territory.随着chatGPT的到来，人类正在进入未涉足过的领域。（八）1 引起(某种情感)raise、ignite/spark、arouse/provoke、engender这几个词其实没有严格的区分，很多时候都可以互换。raise常与doubts/fears/concerns几个词搭配：Existing AI systems raise concerns about bias, privacy and intellectual-property rights