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1、2018年全国普通高等学校招生考试(全国卷)英语（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节 （共5小题；每小题15分，满分75分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1What will James do tomorrow?AWatch a TV programBGive a talk CWrite a report2What can we say about the woman? AShes generousBShes
2、curiousCShes helpful3When does the train leave?AAt 6:30BAt 8:30CAt 10:304How does the woman go to work?ABy car BOn foot CBy bike 5What is the probable relationship between the speakers?AClassmates BTeacher and student CDoctor and patient第二节（共15小题；每小题15分，满分225分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选
3、项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6What does the woman regret?AGiving up her researchBDropping out of collegeCChanging her major 7What is the woman interested in studying now?AEcology BEducation CChemistry 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8What is the man? AA hotel man
4、ager BA tour guide CA taxi driver9What is the man doing for the woman?ALooking for some local foodsBShowing her around the seasideCOffering information about a hotel听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10Where does the conversation probably take place?AIn an office BAt home CAt a restaurant11What will the speakers do t
5、omorrow evening?AGo to a concertBVisit a friend Cwork extra hours12Who is Alice going to call? AMike BJoan CCatherine 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13Why does the woman meet the man?ATo look at an apartmentBTo deliver some furnitureCTo have a meal together14What does the woman like about the carpet?AIts colorBIt
6、s design C Its quality 15What does the man say about the kitchen?AIts a good sizeBIts newly paintedC Its adequately equipped 16What will the woman probably do next?AGo downtownBTalk with her friend CMake payment 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17Who is the speaker probably talking to?AMovie fans BNews reporters C
7、College students 18When did the speaker take English classes?ABefore he left his hometownBAfter he came to AmericaCWhen he was 15 years old19How does the speaker feel about his teacher?AHes proud BHes sympatheticCHes grateful 20What does the speaker mainly talk about?AHow education shaped his lifeBH
8、ow his language skills improvedCHow he managed his business well第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A Washington， DCBicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington， DCDuration :3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous ch
9、erry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington， DCYour guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossomReserve your spot before availability and the cherry blossomsdisappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours (4 miles)Join a guid
10、ed bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington， DCExplore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop Guided tour includes bike， helmet， cookies and bottled waterCapital City Bike Tour In Washington，DCDuration:3
11、hours Morning or Afternoon，this bike tour is the perfect tour for DCnewcomers and locals looking to experience Washington，DC in a healthy way with minimum effortKnowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents， Congress， memorials， and parksComfortable bikes
12、 and a smooth tour route(路线）make cycling between the sites fun and relaxingWashington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration：3 hours(7miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington， DCGet up close to the monuments and memorials as your bike the site
13、s of Capitol Hill and the National Mall Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and historyTour includes bike， helmet， and bottled water All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights21Which tour do you need to book in advance?ACherry Blossom Bike
14、Tour in Washington，DCBWashington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourCCapital City Bike Tour in Washington，DCDWashington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour22What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? AMeet famous people BGo to a national parkCVisit well-known museums DEnjoy interesting stories23Whic
15、h of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?ACity mapsB Cameras CMeals D Safety lightsBGood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning， but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meal
16、s on a tight budgetIn Save Money: Good Food，she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste， while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a dayAnd the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what sh
17、es leant into practice in her own home， preparing meals for sons，Sam，14，Finn，13，and Jack， 11We love Mexican churros，so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant， she explains I pay 5 for a portion(一份)， but Matt makes them for 26p a portion， because they are flour， water， sugar
18、 and oil Everybody can buy takeaway food， but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselvesThe eight-part series(系列节自)， Save Money: Good Food， follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Health， which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health
19、products on the marketWith food our biggest weekly household expense， Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget The team transforms the familys long weekend of celebratio
20、n with less expensive but still tasty recipes24What do we know about Susanna Reid? AShe enjoys embarrassing her guestsBShe has started a new programmeCShe dislikes working early in the morningDShe has had a tight budget for her family25How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?AHe buys cooking materials fo
21、r herBHe prepares food for her kidsCHe assists her in cooking mattersDHe invites guest families for her26What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? ASummarize the previous paragraphsBProvide some advice for the readersCAdd some background informationDIntroduce a new topic for discussion27What
22、 can be a suitable title for the text? AKeeping Fit by Eating SmartBBalancing Our Daily DietCMaking yourself a Perfect ChefDCooking Well for LessCLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years，but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more goingWhen the world was still po
23、pulated by hunter-gatherers，small，tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each otherSome language experts believe that 10，000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between themSoon afterwards，many of tho
24、se people started settling down to become farmers，and their languages too became more settled and fewer in numberIn recent centuries，trade，industrialisationthe development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory educationespecially globalisation and better communications in the pa
25、st few decades，all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as EnglishSpanish and Chinese are increasingly taking overAt present，the world has about 6 800 languages The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few
26、 languagesoften spoken by many people，while hot，wet zones have lots， often spoken by small numbersEurope has only around 200 languages；the Americas about 1，000 Africa 2,400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3，200，of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800The median number (中位数)of spea
27、kers is a mere 6,000，which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than thatAlready well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡)， with only a few elderly speakers leftPick，at random，Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers)，Chiapaneco in Mexico
28、(150)Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one，with a question-mark)：none of these seems to have much chance of survival28What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? AThey developed very fast BThey were large in numberCThey had similar patters DThey
29、were closely connected29Which of the following best explains dominant underlined in paragraph 2？AComplex BAdvanced CPowerful DModem30How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present? AAbout 6, 800 BAbout 3,400CAbout 2,400 DAbout 1,20031What is the main idea of the text? ANew langua
30、ges will be createdBPeoples lifestyles are reflected in languagesCHuman development results in fewer languagesDGeography determines language evolutionDWe may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new，but a new study shows that we keep usi
31、ng our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style Thats bad news for the environment and our wallets as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same thingsTo figure out how much power these devices are using，Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Roches
32、ter Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the deviceThis method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990sDevices were grouped by generationDesk
33、top computers，basic mobile phones，and box-set TVs defined 1992Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997 And MP3 players， smart phones， and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002，before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007As we accumulated more devices，however，we didnt throw out our old ones The living-
34、room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room， and suddenly one day， you have a TV in every room of the house， said one researcher The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007 Were not just keeping these old devices we continue to use th
35、em According to the analysis of Babbitts team， old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 windowSo whats the solution（解决方案）? The teams data only
36、 went up to 2007， but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function， such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewingThey found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and deskt
37、op computers could cut energy consumption by 44%32What does the author think of new devices?AThey are environment-friendlyBThey are no better than the oldCThey cost more to use at homeDThey go out of style quickly33Why did Babbitts team conduct the research?ATo reduce the cost of mineralsBTo test th
38、e life cycle of a productCTo update consumers on new technologyDTo find out electricity consumption of the devices34Which of the following uses the least energy?AThe box-set TV BThe tabletCThe LCD TVDThe desktop computer35What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?AStop using
39、themBTake them apartCUpgrade themDRecycle them 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Color is fundamental in home designsomething youll always have in every roomA grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in D
40、o you want a room thats full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 ， color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feelOver the years， there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point 3
41、7 ， they can get a little complex But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home：the small ones， the medium ones，and the large ones 38 Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows，mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visu
42、al interest to our rooms Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa，small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeableMedium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas，dinner tables or bookshelves 39 They re
43、quire a bigger commitment than smaller ones， and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a spaceThe large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls，ceilings，and floorsWhether youre looking at wallpaper or paint，the time，effort and relative expense put into it are significant 40 AWhi
44、le all of them are useful BWhatever youre looking for CIf youre experimenting with a color DSmall color choices are the ones were most familiar with EIts not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces FSo it pays to be sure，because you want to get it right the first time GColor choices in
45、 this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways 第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节 (共20小题；每小题15分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a free course，called Thinking Chess，for three credi
46、tsI 41 the idea of taking the class because，after all，who doesnt want to 42 a few dollars? More than that，Id always wanted to learn chessAnd，even if I werent 43 enough about free credits，news about our 44 was appealing enough to me He was an international grandmaster，which 45 I would be learning from one of the games 46 I could hardly wait to 47 himMaurice Ashley was kind and smart，a former graduate returning to teach，and this 48 was no game for him；he meant business In his introduction， he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earnedIn