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1、定语从句：精讲精例精练 走语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句：修饰个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，般紧跟它所修饰的先行词后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词:that,which,who,whom、whose,as 等；关系副词:where,why 等 3.关系词的作用：引导定语从句：代替先行词；在定语从句中担当个成分。二、关系代词引导的走语从句 1.who 指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.-(2)Yesterday I helped an old
2、man who lost liis way.-2.whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Nir.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on the bus.-(2)Mr.Ling is just the boy whom I want to see._ 注总：关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替，可省略。(3)The man vho,hvhom you met just now is my friend.-3.winch 指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Football is a game w
3、hich is liked by most boys.-(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday._ 4.that 指人时，相当于 who 或者 whom：指物时，相当于 which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做 宾语时可省略。(5)The number of the people thatvho come to visit the city each year rises one million.-(6)Whew is the nian thathvhom I saw tins morning?-5.whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句
4、中做定语(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.-(2)I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.-whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.-(4)The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired._ (5)Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?-(6
5、)Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?-三、介词+关系代词引导的走语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词十关系代词引导(1)The school(thatAvhich)he once studied in is very famous.-(2)The school in which he once studied is very famoxis.-(3)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine(thatAvhich)you asked for -(4)Tomorrow I will
6、 bring here a magazine for which you asked.-(5)Well go to hear the famous singer(whom/thatAvho)we have often talked about.-(6)Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked._ 注意：1.含有介词的动词短语般不拆开使用，$P：look for,look after,take care of等(1)This is the watch which-that I am looking for(
7、T)_ (2)This is the watch for which I am looking.(F)-2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用 whom.不可用 who 或者 that：指物时用、vhich.不能用that：关系代词是所有格时用 whose(1)The man with who you talked is my friend.(F)-(2)The man who/that you talked with is my friend.(T)_ (3)The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable.(T)-(4)T
8、he plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.(F)_ 3.“介词十关系代词”前可有 some,any,none,both,all.neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词(1)He loved liis parents deeply,both of whom are very kind to him.-(2)In the basket there are quite many apples,some of which have gone bad._ (3)There are fbrty students i
9、n our class in all.most of whom are from big cities.-4.介词+xvhichAvhom,介词的选择方法：(1)动词+?介词：talkrvith/tobbout/of 介词？十先行词：at school/home on this day on the farm(3)句 了噫思：belnnd-in front ofbeside/next to/-*+the classroom 四.关系副词引导的走语从句：主谓宾齐全，考虑关系副词 whemwhere,why 1.when 指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语 -(1)I still remember t
10、he day when I first came to the school.-(2)The time when ve got together finally came.-2.where 指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 -(1)Shanghai is the city where I was bom.-(2)The house where I livid ten years ago has been pulled down.-3.why 指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语 -(1)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.-(2)I d
11、ont know the reason why he looks unhappy today._ 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1)The reason why/for which he refused the imitation is not clear,-(2)From the year vhen/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted 行词后面关系词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词等关系副词等关系词的作用引导定语从句代替先行词在定语从句
12、中担当个成分二关系代词引导的走语从句指人在从句中做主语指人在定语从句语时可省略指人时相当于或者指物时相当于在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语做宾语时可省略通常指人也可指物在定语从句中做定语指物时常用以下结构来代替三介词关系代词引导的走语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时从句常或者指物时用不能用关系代词是所有格时用介词十关系代词前可有等代词或者数词介词介词的选择方法动词介词介词十先行词句了噫思四关系副词引导的走语从句主谓宾齐全考虑关系副词指时间在定语从句中做时间状语指地点在定when he grew up.(3)Great changes have taken place in the citywhe
13、re/in which I was born.-一 五限制性走语从句和非限制性走语从句 非限制性定语从句的引导词：who(m),which,when,where,介词+vhichAvhom(*that,why 不能引导定语从句)1.限制性定语从句：句子必不可少的部分，没有逗号，翻译成 1 句。-(1)The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on._ (2)China is a country which has a long history.-2.非限制性定语从句：主句或主句名词或代词的补充说明，
14、与主句有逗号隔开，译成 2句。(1)His mother,who loves him very much,is strict with him.-(2)China,which was founded in 1949,is becoming more and more powerfill._ 2 注总区分下面句了(1)His brother who is now a doctor always encourages lum to go to college.-他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)(2)His brother,who is now a doctor aHrays
15、 encourages him to go to college.-他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有-个哥哥)六、难点分析(一)限制性走语从句只能用 that 的几种情况：【助记】最不虚心正是(疑衣人才。说明：最高级：不定代词；序数词；某些形容词：正是 the only,the very,the just：疑问词：农语：既有人又有物+=先行词 1 当先行词是 anything,everything,notlung(something 除外).few,alt none,little,some 等代词时,或者是由 every,any,all some,no.little,few,m
16、uch 等修饰时(1)Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said?-(2)There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.-(3)All that can be done has been done.-(4)There is little that I can do for you.-注意：当先行词指人时，也可以用、vho(4)Any man that/who lias a sense of duty won*t do such a tiling.
17、-2.当先行词被序数词修饰(1)The first place that they visited in London was the Big Beil.-3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时(1)This is the best film that I have seen._ 4.当形容词被 the very,the only 修饰时(1)This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,-(2)After the fire in liis house,the old car is the only tiling that he owned.-行词后面
18、关系词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词等关系副词等关系词的作用引导定语从句代替先行词在定语从句中担当个成分二关系代词引导的走语从句指人在从句中做主语指人在定语从句语时可省略指人时相当于或者指物时相当于在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语做宾语时可省略通常指人也可指物在定语从句中做定语指物时常用以下结构来代替三介词关系代词引导的走语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时从句常或者指物时用不能用关系代词是所有格时用介词十关系代词前可有等代词或者数词介词介词的选择方法动词介词介词十先行词句了噫思四关系副词引导的走语从句主谓宾齐全考虑关系副词指时间在定语从句中做时间状语指地点在定当
19、先行词指人时，也可以用 who(3)AVimg Hua is the only person ui our school who will attend the meeting/_ 5.当先行词前面有 who,which 等疑问代词时(1)Who is the man that is standmg there?-(2)Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?-6.当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时(1)Can you remember the scientist and his theory that ve have learned?(二)关系代词 as
20、 和 which 引导的走语从句 as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1.As 和 which 都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代衣前面整个句产。(1)He married her,which was natural.-(2)He was honest,as we can see.2.as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割个主句；winch 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外,as 有“正如，正像”的意思(1)As is known to all.China is a dev 已 loping countr
21、y;_ (2)He is from the south,as we can see from his accent.(3)John,as you know,is a famous xiter.(4)He lias been to Paris more than several times,which I doift believe._ O 常用 Which 注盘：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，(5)Tom was always late for school,which made his teacher angry.-as 常用修饰时，3.当先彳亍词受 such,the same(l)I
22、 have ne-er heard such a story as he tells.-(2)He is not such a fool as he looks._ (3)This is the same book as I lost last week.-所引导的定语但是和由 as 偶尔也用 that 引导定语从句，当先行次由注总:：the same 修饰时，从句总思不同。(4)She wore the same dress that she wore at Mas wedding.-Mary 婚礼上穿过的条裙 C 她穿着她在 She wore the same dress as her y
23、oung sister?ore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的样的裙了。(6)比较：)引导定语从句吗？可改为此处 asthat He is such a good teacher as we all aspect.(思考：一 -He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.-且常可省略。引导.in which,that 三)以 the way 为先行词的走语从句通常由(1)The way in which/tliavX he answered the question was surprising.-有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句四)but(1)Th
24、ere are verr few but understand lus idea.(but=who don*t)区分走语从句和同位语从句五(是补同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，.定语从句修饰先行 词，它和先行词是修饰关系：1 充说明的关系(1)The plane that has just taken off is for London.定 语从句 同位行词后面关系词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词等关系副词等关系词的作用引导定语从句代替先行词在定语从句中担当个成分二关系代词引导的走语从句指人在从句中做主语指人在定语从句语时可省略指人时相当于或者指物时相当于在宾
25、语从句中做主语或者宾语做宾语时可省略通常指人也可指物在定语从句中做定语指物时常用以下结构来代替三介词关系代词引导的走语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时从句常或者指物时用不能用关系代词是所有格时用介词十关系代词前可有等代词或者数词介词介词的选择方法动词介词介词十先行词句了噫思四关系副词引导的走语从句主谓宾齐全考虑关系副词指时间在定语从句中做时间状语指地点在定于从句(2)The fact that he has been dead is clear.同位语有时可以省略:，关系词在句中充当成分,2.定语从句由关系代词或者咲系副词引导 when,where,how.why,whether,what
26、,也可以由在句中般不做成分从句主要由 that 引导，,充当成分等词引导The news he told me is tnie.(2)The news that he has just died is tnie.定语(3)The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.(4)The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.，而定语从句不可以 be3.同位语从句和先行词般可以用动词发展成个完整的句F(l)The ide
27、a that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.(2)The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.【司位语(3)The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.(4)The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.巩固练习 I.单句改错 1.This is the longest train which I have ever seen.2
28、.Which we all know,swimming is a very good sport.3.1 shall never forget those years which I lived ill the farm which you visited last week.4.The radio set winch I bought it last week has gone wrong.5.He paid the boy$10 for washing ten windows,most of them hadnt been cleaned for a year.6.It was known
29、 to all.the Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.7.The day will come which the people all ovei the world will win liberation.8.At home,children can do that they want.9.They talked for about an hour of things and persons who they remembered in the school.10.Tlus weekend,I will go t
30、o Petefs house,which a party is to be held,to celebrate Cliristmas.11.He is a nian of great experience,from who much can be learned.12.1 have bought the same dress which she is wearing.13.In the police station I saw the man from which room the thief had stolen the TV set.14.Please put the letter whi
31、ch he can easily find it.II.单句语法填空 1.1 still remember the night _ I first came to the house.2.Ill never forget the day _ we met each other last week.3.He said this was the best article _ had been written by the writer.4.1 will never forget the days _ I spent with your family.5.The first English nove
32、l _ aroused his interest was a novel by Mark Twain.6.This is the school _ I used to study.7.Do you still remember the place _ we visited last week?行词后面关系词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词等关系副词等关系词的作用引导定语从句代替先行词在定语从句中担当个成分二关系代词引导的走语从句指人在从句中做主语指人在定语从句语时可省略指人时相当于或者指物时相当于在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语做宾语时可省略通常指人也可指物在定语从句
33、中做定语指物时常用以下结构来代替三介词关系代词引导的走语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时从句常或者指物时用不能用关系代词是所有格时用介词十关系代词前可有等代词或者数词介词介词的选择方法动词介词介词十先行词句了噫思四关系副词引导的走语从句主谓宾齐全考虑关系副词指时间在定语从句中做时间状语指地点在定8.Do you still remember the place _ we isited the painting exhibition?9.Have you ever been to Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake?10.Have you ever be
34、en to Hangzhou,_ lies the West Lake?11.Dont make the same mistake _ the six blind men did.12.It is the third time _ ron have made the same nustake.13.It was m the street _ I met Jolin yesterday.14.It was about 600 years ago _ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.15.This is the way _
35、 he did it.16.Who is the student _ was late for school today?17.Who _ knows him wants to make friends with lum?18.The niler ordered that anyone _ refused to bow before him should be thrown into prison.19.He lives in the room window faces to the south.20.He lives in the room.the window _ faces to the
36、 south.21.Tins is Nir.Jolin for _ son I brouglit a book yesterday.22.Tliis is Nir.Jolin for I bought a book yesterday.23.This is the hour the place is always full of romen and children.24.And there is one point _ Id like your advice 25.Winter is the tune of year _ the days are short and nights are l
37、ong.26.1 hope you will find this valley a beautifiil place _ rou may spend your weekend.27.This is the boy _ father died three years ago 28.They work m a factory _ makes radio parts.29.They work m a factory _ radio parts are made.30.This is the vision phone tlirougli _ we can see and talk to our fri
38、ends.31.Here are players from Japan,some of _ are our old friends.5 32.WO11 put off the meeting till next week._ we woiTt be so busy.3 3.The sun gives the earth light and heat,_ is very important to the living tilings.34.Those _ want to go to the computer room writ已 your names here.35._ Who is the p
39、erson is standing at the gate?36.Is there anything _you dont understand?37.He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.38.Such a film _ was shown in the cinema yesterday is not suitable for children.39.Egypt is a country _is famous for its pynumds.40.China is the country hi spent the b
40、est part of his life.41.Everything _ can be done has been done.42.The days _ we spent together cannot be easily forgotten.43.The house stands at the place _ the two roads meet.44.The only problem _ troubled him has already been solved.45.The problem _ they could finish the project is very important.
41、46.Ill never forget the last day _ ve spent together.47.1 know the reason _ she looks so worried.48.This is the room _food is kept.49.Tliis is all _ I can do for you.50.The advice _ he(should)be invited to the party was taken.行词后面关系词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词等关系副词等关系词的作用引导定语从句代替先行词在定语从句中担当个成分二
42、关系代词引导的走语从句指人在从句中做主语指人在定语从句语时可省略指人时相当于或者指物时相当于在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语做宾语时可省略通常指人也可指物在定语从句中做定语指物时常用以下结构来代替三介词关系代词引导的走语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时从句常或者指物时用不能用关系代词是所有格时用介词十关系代词前可有等代词或者数词介词介词的选择方法动词介词介词十先行词句了噫思四关系副词引导的走语从句主谓宾齐全考虑关系副词指时间在定语从句中做时间状语指地点在定51.Can you think of anyone _ house was here?52.The news _ she had passe
43、d the exam made her parents very happy.53.The news _ he told us interested all of us.54.This is the only book _ was borrowed from the library.55.The day _ she had to leave arrived at last.56.It is one of the best pictures _ have been sold.57.Those _ want to go put up your hands.行词后面关系词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系
44、词关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词等关系副词等关系词的作用引导定语从句代替先行词在定语从句中担当个成分二关系代词引导的走语从句指人在从句中做主语指人在定语从句语时可省略指人时相当于或者指物时相当于在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语做宾语时可省略通常指人也可指物在定语从句中做定语指物时常用以下结构来代替三介词关系代词引导的走语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时从句常或者指物时用不能用关系代词是所有格时用介词十关系代词前可有等代词或者数词介词介词的选择方法动词介词介词十先行词句了噫思四关系副词引导的走语从句主谓宾齐全考虑关系副词指时间在定语从句中做时间状语指地点在定58.Thats all _ I w
45、ant to tell you.59.He is such a good singer _ is loved by everyone.60.He is such a good singer _ he is loved by everyone.61.This is the knife vith _ the doctor did the operation.62.This is the only step _ xve can take at the moment.63.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of thos
46、e _ lives were affected.64.Tibet is such a place _ all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting.65.Dad decided to build a small tool room with a lock,_ he would keep his best tools so my brother couldn reach them.66.In 2014,such important reform policies associated with the interests of
47、the general public were introduced m China _ almost each person could benefit from in 11E.67.We expect you to become someone of _ well feel very proud m the fiitiire.68.He wrote many children*s books,nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s.69.The boss is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ In
48、s employees enjoy their work.70.The number of smokers,_ is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year 71.The exact year _ Anglela and her family spent together in China was 2008.72.1 borrowed the book from the library7 last week._ my classmates recommended to me.73.Students should take part
49、 in conunumty activities _ they can gam experience for growth.74.Many cluldren,_ parents are away working in cities,are taken good care of ill the village.75.The man pulled out a gold watch,the hands _ were made of small diamonds.76.We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people,most of _ are he
50、althy.77.Today,well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.6 参考答案 I.1.wliich-tliat 2.WhichAs 3 which-when 4.去掉 it 5.them-wluch 6.It-As 7.rhich-wlien S.that-what 9.who-that 10.winch-where 11.who-whom 12.wluch-as 13.which-whose 14.which-where II.1.when 2.whe