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1、高考英语语法精讲：定语从句讲义一、关系代词as与which区别详解1、引导限制性定语从句引导限制性定语从句时，在such，as,the same后只能用as，其他情况用which。如:I never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过他讲那样的故事。Its the same story as I heard yesterday. 这故事跟我昨天听到的一样。Such wind as there was came up the fiver.当时起的这种风沿江刮了上来。He was in such a fury as I have never seen. 我从未
2、见过他发这么大的火。As many as ten people were found living in a single room.曾发现多达十个人住在一间房里。It is an organization which helps the elderly.这是一个帮助老年人的机构。2、引导非限制性定语从句1.互换的场合引导非限制性定语从句时，有时两者可互换。如:I live a long way from work. as which you know. 我住得离工作单位很远，这你是知道的。I had coffee after dinner, as which is my usual prac
3、tice.我饭后喝咖啡，这是我的习惯。Sophia was not unconscious.aswhich could be judged from her eves.索菲娅并未失去知觉，这从她的眼睛里可以看出。2.不能互换的场合在以下情况引导非限制性定语从句时，两者不可换用:(1)当从句位于主句之前时，只用as。如:As you know. next Tuesdays meeting has been can celled.你知道，下周二的会议取消了。As is known to every boy the moon travels round the earth once every mo
4、nth.月球每月绕地球转一周，这是每个人都清楚的。(2) 当从句插在主句中间且关系代词指的是整个句子时，只用as。如:Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.弗雷迪在参加会议，这是可以预料到的。(3) as 引导的非限制性定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致，which无此限制:He went abroad, as which was expected. 他出国了，这是大家预料到的。He went abroad. which was unexpected.他出国了，这计大家感到很意外。(不用as)(5) as 引导非限
5、制性定语从句时，先行词通常不能是主句中某个具体的词，而应是整个句子、整个短语或某个短语推断出来的概念，而which 则无此限制:Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。(不用as)但是，若先行词不是某个具体的事物，而是一个抽象的概令，也可以用as。如:The two brothers were satisfied with this decision, as was agreed beforehand.两兄弟对此决定都注意，这项决定在事前已都得到他们的同意。(6)当as 引导非限制性定语从句作主语时，其谓语通
6、常应是连系动词，而不官是其他动词，而 which则无此限制:She has married again,aswhich seemed natural. 她又结婚了，这似乎很自常。二、关系代词who与whom的用法区别两者均只用于人，从理论上说，who为主格，whom为宾格：Wheres the girl who sells the tickets?卖票的女孩在哪里？The author whom you criticized in your view has written a letter in reply.你在评论中批评的那个作者已写了一封回信。但实际上，除非在正式文体中，宾格关系代词wh
7、om往往省略不用，或用who或that代之：The man (that, who, whom) you met just now is called Jim.你刚遇见的那个人叫吉姆。不过，在以下几种情况值得注意：1.直接跟在介词后面作宾语时，只能用whom，而且不能省略：She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before.她带了3个朋友来，我以前都没见过。2.引导非限制性定语从句且作宾语时，who和whom均可用，但以用whom为佳，此时也不能省略：This is Jack, who whom you h
8、avent met before.这是杰克，你以前没见过。三、定语从句关系词省略研究关系词有时可以省略，但这只限于限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系词则不可省略。1、关系代词作宾语时的省略当关系代词who, whom, which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时，可以省略。如：Is there anything (which) you wanted?想要什么东西吗?Is there anything (which) you wanted?想要什么东西吗?Have you anything (which) youd like to sell?你有什么东西想
9、卖吗?This was the worst film (that) he had ever seen.这是他所看过的电影中最差的一部。That is the house (that) we built.这就是我们盖的房子。He is the kindest man (that) I have ever met.他是我遇到过的最仁厚的人。It was the most worrying day (that) he had ever spent.这是他度过的最烦恼的日子。I wore the necklace (which) my grandmother (had) left me.我戴着祖母留给
10、我的项链。Its the only building (which) Ive ever seen which is made entirely of glass.这是我所见过的唯一的一座全部用玻璃造的建筑物。Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to?刚才和你讲话的人是谁?You remember the boy (who) I was going out with?你记得那个跟我约会的小伙子吗?Shes the only woman (who) Ive really been in love with.我真正爱过的只有这个女人
11、。2、关系代词作表语时的省略当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时，可以省略。如：China is not the country (that) it was.中国已不是过去的中国了。(that作表语)My son is not the boy (that) he used to be.我的儿子已不是过去的样子了。(that作表语)Can you remember the factory (that) it used to be?你还记得工厂原来的样子吗? (that作表语)When he came back, he found that his hometown was not the o
12、ne (that) it had been.他回来的时候，发现家乡已不是原来的样子了。(that作表语)3、关系代词作宾补时的省略当关系代词that在定语从句中用作宾语补足时，可以省略。如：Im not the madman (that) you thought me.我并不是你所认为的那个疯子。(that作宾语补语)4、关系代词作主语时的省略一般说来，关系代词作主语时是不能省略的，但是在以下两种特殊情况，也可省略。(1)当定语从句为there be结构时，作主语的that可以省略。如：Ive told you all (that) there is to tell.该告诉的我都告诉你了。It
13、 was the only cotton mill (that) there was then.那时它是唯一的一家棉纺织厂。(2)当主句为there be结构时，在定语从句中作主语的that, which, who有时可省略。如：Theres a gentleman (who) wants to see you.有一位先生要见您。(3)当主句为it is, here is结构时，在定语从句中作主语的that有时可省略。如：Heres a little book (that) will tell you how to raise roses.这是一本关于玫瑰花栽培的小册子。5、关系副词when的
14、省略用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于day, year, time等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如：That was the year (that) I first went abroad.就是那一年我第一次出国了。Ill never forget the day (that) we met.我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。That was the year (when) I first went abroad.那是我第一次出国的一年。Now is the time (when) I need him most.现在是我最需要他的时候。Do
15、you remember the days (when) there were no jet planes?你还记得那个没有喷气机的年代吗?6、关系副词where的省略用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如：This is the place (where) they met yesterday.这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。Have you somewhere (where) I can lie down for an hou
16、r?你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时？Have you got somewhere (where) I can lie down for a while?你有什么地方我可以稍躺一会儿。We need a place (where) we can stay for a few days.我们需要一个能住几天的地方。Do you know anywhere (where) I can buy a second-hand typewriter?你知道哪里能买到旧打字机吗?I know somewhere (where) you can eat Japanese food.我认识个地方可以吃日本菜。7、关系副词why的省略关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句，且通常可换成that或for which，均可省略。如：Thats the reason (why, for which, that) he came.这就是他来的原因。Can you tell me the reason (why) hes so late?你可否告诉我他为何来得这么晚?That wasnt the reason (that) he lied to you.那不是他对你撒谎的原因。学科网（北京）股份有限公司