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1、解密14阅读理解之推理判断题序号题型真题Part 1解密高考考点综述备考建议Part 2对点解密考点精准说L.真题对点析L.对点模拟练1.Part 3强化集训真题模测、典题模测【考点综述】推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是 为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础 上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句 话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的 推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。
2、所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出 的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。常见的题干有：1. It can be inferred from the text that-2. We can conclude that*3.4.When the writer talks about. . ., what he really means is that*Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?【备考建议】从历年的高考阅读理解题分析来看，推理判断题所占的比例大概在7%-
3、10%,根据高考对阅读理解之 推理判断题的考察，在复习备考中，考生应该从以下五大题型注意复习：细节推断题、因果推断题、人物性格、预测想象推理题和写作意图推测题。【考点精准说】1A细节推断题常见的设问方式:It can be inferred from the passage/text thatThe author mainly suggests that .It can be concluded from the passage that.The writer implies but not directly states 奏）with which one types and the pres
4、sure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people，s identities, and by extension, whether they sh
5、ould be given access to the computer its connected to一regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn，t require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the re
6、searchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to comme
7、rcialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. 31. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary. B. A guidebook C. A novel. D. A magazine.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，目前，向指纹扫描等这些技术仍然 是昂贵的。本文介绍了一种新的科技一一智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，而且
8、这项技术也不贵。 31. D【解析】推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技一一智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，由此 可知，本文是关于科技，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本杂志。故选D。【对点模拟练】3When 6-year-old Tarryn Henkelman walked through a giant blue box filled with toys, she knew exactly what she wanted. When she and her parents walked out of the Goodwill on Pavilion Lane, she hel
9、d a fold-up blue minibike tightly to her chest. Her old minibike recently broke, and she wanted to move around her neighborhood on two wheels once again.She hadn t walked into the store expecting a present, but as she and her family walked past the counter they got a holiday surprise when Todd Wakef
10、ield, Goodwill s Senior Director of Retail, delivered some good news. AH kids today, all day long, you can get one free toy, or free kids book, /z he said, announcing a special treat made possible by an anonymous （匿名的）donor.Nearly a decade ago, one Fort Collins man cut a check covering the cost of e
11、very toy in the store and repeated it every year, so that any child who walks through the front door can pick out something to take home for free.He said he did not need recognition for his act of kindness, but said that this day had become an important part of his family, s Christmas tradition. As
12、kids crowded around plastic boxes overflowing with toys, he and his wife quietly took in the scene before slipping out the front door, unnoticed. Store staff members set aside extra toys in the day leading up to the surprise giveaway to make sure that no child left empty-handed on Saturday.Wakefield
13、 was the store manager at the Fort Collins Goodwill the first year the anonymous donor walked through the front door and asked to buy up the toy section. Even though Wakefield has since taken a job at Goodwill? s corporate office, he made a point of coming to this yearly event. We ve got some amazin
14、g people throughout our community,he said. This is what our business runs on, people willing to give and help their community.1. Why did Tarryn Henkelman want a minibike?A. To learn to ride it.B. To surprise her neighbors.C. To show it off before her family.D.To bike around her community.2. What was
15、 a holiday surprise for Tarryn Henkelman?A.A donor gave money to her.8. A stranger treated her to a present.C.The store donated a toy to her.D. Her parents bought a minibike for her.3. Which words can describe the Fort Collins man?A. Considerate and smart.B. Helpful and optimistic.C. Generous and ki
16、nd-hearted.D. Sympathetic and easy-going.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位匿名的捐赠者把Goodwill商店玩具区里的所有物品购买 下来，然后作为礼物赠送给孩子们的故事，展现了捐赠者慷慨善良的高尚品质，弘扬了社会正能量。1. D【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段中的最后一句Her old minibike recently broke, and she wanted to move around her neighborhood on two wheels once again可知，她原来的车坏了，所以她 想得到一辆新车，然后再绕着她居住的社区骑行
17、。故选D。2. B【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段中的最后一句 All kids today, all day long, you can get one free toy, or free kids book, he said, announcing a special treat made possible by an anonymous （匿名的）donor 及最后一段中的 asked to buy up the toy sect ion 可知，一 位匿名的捐赠者买下了 Goodwill商店玩具区里的所有物品，并将其中的玩具和儿童读物免费赠送 给来到店里的孩子们，故Tarryn Henk
18、elman的节日惊喜是得到了捐赠者送的礼物，故选B。3. C【解析】考查推理判断。根据第三段中的one Fort Collins man cut a check covering the cost of every toy in the store. . . for free”可知，这个匿名的捐赠者开出了支票来购买Goodwill 商店玩具区里的所有物品，以让每一个来到商店的孩子都能够免费得到一个礼物，故可推知这个 匿名的捐赠者是慷慨的、善良的。【考点精准说】4-写作意图推测题常见的设问方式：What is the main purpose of the author writing the
19、text?The purpose of the text is to get more people to .The writer of the story wants to tell us that.The fact-is mentioned by the author to show.The author writers the last paragraph in order to .写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作 者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题 型要求考生不但能理解文章
20、的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。一 般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作 意图。【真题对点析】4（2019 北京卷D）By the end of the century, if not sooner, the worlds oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorga
21、nisms （海洋微生物）called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytopl
22、ankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the oceans appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process
23、that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean，s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a sci
24、entist in MITs Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplan
25、kton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing. she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.42. What
26、are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.43. What does the underlined word avulnerablev in Paragraph 3 probably
27、mean?A. Sensitive. B. BeneficialC. SignificantD. Unnoticeable44. What can we learn from the passage?A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.B. Dutkiewicz，s model aims to project phytoplankton changesC. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climateD. Oceans with more p
28、hytoplankton may appear greener.45. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changesB. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chainC. To explain the effects of climate change on oceansD. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton【语篇解读】本文为说明文。一
29、项最新研究表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这 一现象是因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六 色的图案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并影响浮游 植物的生长。42. B【解析】段落大意题。第一段“By the end of the century. If not sooner, the worlds oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study. “ 可知, 到本世
30、纪末，一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、 更绿。结合第二段 “At the heart phenomenon 1ie tiny marine microorganisms called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending o
31、n the type and concentration可知，这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海 洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这 取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原 因。分析选项可知B符合题意，故选B。43. A【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线词后的 aWarming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunshin
32、e and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients. v可知，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。 由此可判断“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean s wamning trend” 可知,浮游 植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。可知A项正确。44. D【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段 “The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. B
33、ut in some waters , such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greenerv , 可知Dutkiewicz的模型预测，目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。但是在一些水域, 比如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿了”。由此可推断, 浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，浮游动植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了。分析选项可知D项 符合题意。45. C【解析】目的意图题
34、。第一段提出文章的主旨“By the end of the century. If not sooner, the world，s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.” 可知到本世纪末。一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更 绿。再结合第三段 “But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceanJ s warning trendWarming changes key charac
35、teristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth,”可知，“浮游植物很 容易受到海洋警告趋势的影响，变暖改变了海洋的关键特征，并能影响浮游植物的生长”。可知本文主要 解释气候变化对海洋的影响。故选C。【对点模拟练】4Jamey Turner often performs to large crowds in Old Town Alexandria, Virginia. You can find him playing an unusual musical instrument, the glass harp（竖琴），near
36、Alexandria? s historic waterfront.A glass harp is made up of different-sized drinking glasses, each containing water. Turner makes music by running his fingers over the tops of the glasses. By doing so, each glass makes a different musical sound.Turner is 78 years old now. He became interested in pl
37、aying the glass harp at the age of six, when he heard his father playing with a glass of water at the dinner table. He has been playing it for 50 years.Today Turner puts together his instrument by placing 60 different glasses on a wooden soundboard. He holds the glasses in place with rubber bands, w
38、hich keeps them from breaking. He then adds different amounts of water to each one to create different musical notes. Adding or taking away just a little water will change the sound. Adding water to a glass will make a lower sound. The smaller bowls of water produce a higher sound, while the larger
39、ones produce a lower, deeper sound.Turner always uses low-priced glass because it sounds better than costly crystal （水晶）and he has more control over the sound. Before buying new glasses, he will test them in stores.The glass harp was popular 300 years ago when composers like Wolfgang Mozart wrote mu
40、sic for the instrument. There have been about 400 pieces of music written just for the glass harp. But Turner plays all kinds of music, even popular music from China. Few people play the glass harp these days, but Turner says he sees videos of people experimenting with the instrument on the Internet
41、. He hopes the next generation will continue making their music.1. What do we know about Turner?A. He began playing the glass harp at six.B. He often teaches glass harp lessons online.C. He is a great master of the Chinese language.D. He was inspired by his father to learn the glass harp.2. What doe
42、s the author say about the glass harp?A. Its inventor is Wolfgang Mozart.B. It is made up of glasses of the same size.C.It appears to be gaining in popularity today.D. Its sounds are affected by the amount of water in the glasses.3. Why does Turner prefer to use cheap glass?A. To save money.B.To pro
43、duce better sounds.C.To help recycle drinking glasses.D. To increase difficulty inperforming.4. What would be the best title for the text?A. A Musician Pleases Crowds by Playing GlassesB. Playing the Glass Harp: a New TrendC. Jamey TurnerJ s Dream Coming TrueD. Wonderful Music Has No Borders【语篇解读】本文
44、是记叙文，杰米特纳经常在弗吉尼亚州亚历山大人群密集的地方演奏玻璃竖琴音 乐:敲击不同大小的盛水的玻璃杯,发出动听的乐声。他不仅能演奏玻璃竖琴专门乐曲,还能用它演奏中国流 行音乐。1. D【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句He became interested in playing the glass harp at the age of six, when he heard his father playing with a glass of water at the dinner table” 可知，在六岁时，杰米特纳听到父亲在餐桌上用一玻璃杯水演奏音乐，开始对玻璃竖琴产生兴趣;据 此
45、可知,D项正确。2. D【解析】考查细节理解。根据第四段第三、四句He then adds different amounts of water to each one to create different musical notes. Adding or taking away just a little water will change the sound.可知，杯子中水的量不同，产生的音调也不同;添加或去掉少量水就会改变声音。据此可 知,玻璃竖琴的声音受杯子中水的量的影响,故D项正确。3. B 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第五段第一句Turner always uses low-pri
46、ced glass because it sounds better than costly crystal （水晶）and he has more control over the sound可知，特纳总是使 用低价玻璃杯是因为其声音听起来比昂贵的水晶杯好听,故B项正确。4. A【解析】考查标题判断。根据第一段第一、二句Jamey Turner often performs to large crowds in Old Town Alexandria, Virginia. You can find him playing an unusual musical instrument, the
47、glass harp（竖琴），near Alexandria s historic waterfront”并结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲述 了一位音乐家为人群演奏玻璃竖琴的故事。故A项最适合作本文标题。【考点精准说】5-人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、 性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中
48、的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。 干扰项特点：1 .是自己的某种看法或观点2 .是社会的一种普遍种倾向3 .是与本文无关或与作者相反的观点或看法等解题技巧：1 .问全文主体事物的（包括主题），可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中表达感情色彩的形容 词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；2 .如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。【真题对点析】5（2019 北京卷C）The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don，t know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams （欺诈）We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to