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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 高考英语不定式、现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别 当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式(未来或全过程)或现在分词(正在进行或一直处于某种状态)；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用过去分词。现根据不同动词的不同用法分述如下，请在下列各例句中仔细体会不定式、现在分词或过去分词作补足语的区别。通常用带 to 的不定式作宾补的动词 这类动词很多，常见的有：ask,invite,tell,want,encourage,wish,expect,beg,request,require,advise,order,force,cause,allow,permit,for
2、bid,warn,remind,teach,send,call on,wait for,would like/love/prefer 等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用带 to 的不定式作宾补。如：1.My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills.(北京卷)A.for me taking B.me taking C.for me to take D.me to take 【分析】答案选 D。encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事。2.The teacher asked us _ so m
3、uch noise.(北京卷)A.dont make B.not make C.not making D.not to make【分析】答案选 D。即 ask sb.not to do sth.叫某人不要做某事。3.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.(全国卷)A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not do【分析】答案选 A。tell sb.(not)to do sth.,排除 C 和 D；当不定式的动词是前面己出现过的相同的动词时，为避免
4、重复，通常省略 to 后的内容，只保留 to。4.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.(全国卷)A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating【分析】答案选 C。本句是 warn sb.not to do sth.(警告某人不做某事)的被动式。学习必备 欢迎下载 注：在 help 后作宾补的不定式带不带 to 均可；在 hope,suggest,agree,decide,demand等后不可接 sb.to do sth.want,wish 等后接 to be don
5、e 作宾补时，to be 可省略，直接过去分词作宾补。如：When do you wish it(to be)finished?你要什么时候完成？在使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带 to 在使役动词 make,let,have 后，一般用不带 to 的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上 to。如：1.Though he had often made his little sister _,today he was made _ by his little sister.A.cry,to cry B.crying,crying C.cry,cry D.to cry,cry【分析】答案
6、选 A。在 make sb.后作宾补的不定式不带 to，但在被动式中加 to。2.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.(全国卷)A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning【分析】答案选 B。be made 后作主补的不定式要加 to。在感官动词后作宾补的非谓语动词形式 感官动词feel,listen to,hear,see,look at,watch,notice 等后面的宾语与作宾补的非谓语动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不带 to 的(在被动式后作主补时要加 to)不定式(全过程)或者现在分词
7、作宾补(正在发生)，是被动关系是时，用过去分词作宾补。如：1.They knew her very well.They had seen her _ up from childhood.(全国卷)A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow【分析】答案选 A。作宾补不能用谓语动词，排除 B 和 C；感观动词 see 后要用不带 to的不定式作宾补，表示整个过程，排除 D。2.The missing boy were last seen _ near the river.(全国卷)A.playing B.to be playing C.play D.to play【
8、分析】答案选 A。指片断，看到时，他正在河边玩，而不是玩的整个过程。句意为：人们最后一次看到那个失踪的男孩的时候，他在河边玩。时用不定式未来或全过程或现在分词正在进行或一直处于某种状态当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时用过去分词现根据不同动词的不同用法分述如下请在下列各例句中仔细体会不定式现在分词或过去分词作补足语的区别析答案选鼓励某人做某事北京卷分析答案选即叫某人不要做某事全国卷分析答案选排除和当不定式的动词是前面己出现过的相同的动词时为避免重复通常省略后的内容只保留全国卷分析答案选本句是告某人不做某事的被动式学习必么时候完成在使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带在使役动词后一般用不带的不定式
9、作宾补但在其被动式后作主语补足语时要加上如分析答案选在后作宾补的不定式不带但在被动式中加全国卷分析答案选后作主补的不定式要加在感官动学习必备 欢迎下载 3.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.(全国卷)A.carried out B.carrying out C.carry out D.to carry out【分析】答案选 A。句中 that 引导一个定语从句，它代表 the plan 并在从句中作 see 的宾语，宾语 that(the plan)与宾补 carry out
10、是被动关系，因此，用过去分词作宾补，即 see the plan carried out the next year.在介词 with 后作宾补的非谓语动词形式 在 with 的宾语后，若用过去分词，表示宾语与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成或；若用现在分词，表示宾语与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作的持续进行；若用带 to 的不定式，则表示将来的动作，宾语与不定式在逻辑上可以是主动关系也可以是被动关系，注意此时的不定式不是作宾补而是作宾语的定语了。如：1.The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind his b
11、ack.(全国卷)A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied【分析】答案选 D。his hand 与 tie 是被动关系，且带进时应己捆绑好了，表示“被动、完成”用过去分词作宾补。2.With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(上海春)A.settled B.setting C.to settle D.being settled【分析】答案选 C。由语境可知，问题还没有解决，用不定式指将来的动作。3.Peter soo
12、n fell asleep with the light still burning.彼得很快睡着了，灯仍然亮着。(burning表示持续进行)其宾语后可用分词或不定式的 4个动词 在 leave,want,get,have 等动词的宾语后面可接现在分词、过去分词或动词不定式。现分述如下：leavedoing 让一直(主动、持续进行)；leaveto do 让去做(主动、将来)；leavedone(被动)。如：Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth.(天津卷)时用不定式未来或全过程或现在分词正在进行或一直处于某种状态当宾语与作宾补的动
13、词在逻辑上是被动关系时用过去分词现根据不同动词的不同用法分述如下请在下列各例句中仔细体会不定式现在分词或过去分词作补足语的区别析答案选鼓励某人做某事北京卷分析答案选即叫某人不要做某事全国卷分析答案选排除和当不定式的动词是前面己出现过的相同的动词时为避免重复通常省略后的内容只保留全国卷分析答案选本句是告某人不做某事的被动式学习必么时候完成在使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带在使役动词后一般用不带的不定式作宾补但在其被动式后作主语补足语时要加上如分析答案选在后作宾补的不定式不带但在被动式中加全国卷分析答案选后作主补的不定式要加在感官动学习必备 欢迎下载 A.run B.running C.being r
14、un D.to run【分析】答案选 B。the water 与 run 是主动关系，又表示持续进行，用现在分词作宾补。另外，请比较：leave the door firmly fastened 让门紧闭着;leave her to do as she likes 让她去做她喜欢做的事。want sb.doing 希望某人做某事(多用于否定)；want sb.to do 要某人做某事；want sth.done=want sth.to be done(被动)。如：I dont want you arriving late.我希望你不要迟到。(主动、否定句)I want the letter(t
15、o be)opened now.我现在就想把这封信拆开。(被动)get sb.to do sth.使某人做某事(主动、将来);getdoing 使处于某一状态中(主动、持续);getdone=have sth.done 请人做/遭受(被动)。如：Ill try to get her _ the doctor.(上海卷)A.see B.seeing C.to see D.for seeing【分析】答案选 C。get sb.to do sth.使某人做某事。请比较：get the children talking 让孩子说起话来；get the computer repaired 将电脑送去修理
16、；get his wrist broken 折断了手腕。have sth.done=get sth.done 请人做某事;have sb/sth.doing sth.使某人/某物一直做某事或者处于某种状态；have sb.do sth.使某人做某事(见使役动词)；have sth.to do 有事要做(见非谓语动词作定语部分)。如：1.She had her audience listening attentively.他使观众听得入神。2.He didnt keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch _.(上海卷
17、)A.to repair B.repaired C.repairing D.repair【分析】答案选 B。his watch 与 repair 是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。可用分词但不用 to do作补语的 5个动词 keep,find 等后可用现在分词(主动)或过去分词(被动)作补语，一般不用 to do。在 catch(撞见),smell(闻到),start(使)等后通常只接现在分词作补语，不用不定式或过去分词。如：1.It was so cold that they kept the fire _ all night.(全国卷)A.to burn B.burnt 时用不定式未来或全过
18、程或现在分词正在进行或一直处于某种状态当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时用过去分词现根据不同动词的不同用法分述如下请在下列各例句中仔细体会不定式现在分词或过去分词作补足语的区别析答案选鼓励某人做某事北京卷分析答案选即叫某人不要做某事全国卷分析答案选排除和当不定式的动词是前面己出现过的相同的动词时为避免重复通常省略后的内容只保留全国卷分析答案选本句是告某人不做某事的被动式学习必么时候完成在使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带在使役动词后一般用不带的不定式作宾补但在其被动式后作主语补足语时要加上如分析答案选在后作宾补的不定式不带但在被动式中加全国卷分析答案选后作主补的不定式要加在感官动学习必备 欢迎
19、下载 C.burning D.burned【分析】答案选 C。keepdoing 让一直保持某种状态：让那盆火整夜燃着。2.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.(全国卷)A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked【分析】答案选 B。find 后一般不能用 to do 作补语。he 与 smoke 是主动的，用 ing 形式作主语补语。3.He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a p
20、assenger.(安徽卷)A.put B.to be putting C.to put D.putting【分析】答案选 D。后通常只接现在分词作补语，catch sb.doing sth.撞见某人在做某事。4.The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off.(全国卷)A.to have stolen B.to be stealing C.to steal D.stealing【分析】答案选 D。caught stealing=who was caught stealing，本句相当于：The salesman caught th
21、e girl stealing.He scolded her and then let her off.可用 to be或 to have done作补语的 9个动词 在表示“认为”的think,consider,believe,suppose,prove,find,understand,judge,imagine等动词后，可跟 to be 作补语(认为是)，一般不跟 to do；但在 think,consider,believe 等之后可跟 to have done 作补语(认为做了)。如：Charles Babage is generally considered _ the first
22、computer.(全国卷)A.to have invented B.inventing C.to invent D.having invented【分析】答案选 A。本题是 consider sb.to have done 的被动式。make oneself 后常用 understood等过去分词作宾补 make oneself understood/heard/seen/known让别人明白自己的意思/让自己讲的话被别人听到/让自己被别人看到/让自己被别人认识。如：1.The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _
23、.(全国卷)时用不定式未来或全过程或现在分词正在进行或一直处于某种状态当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时用过去分词现根据不同动词的不同用法分述如下请在下列各例句中仔细体会不定式现在分词或过去分词作补足语的区别析答案选鼓励某人做某事北京卷分析答案选即叫某人不要做某事全国卷分析答案选排除和当不定式的动词是前面己出现过的相同的动词时为避免重复通常省略后的内容只保留全国卷分析答案选本句是告某人不做某事的被动式学习必么时候完成在使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带在使役动词后一般用不带的不定式作宾补但在其被动式后作主语补足语时要加上如分析答案选在后作宾补的不定式不带但在被动式中加全国卷分析答案选后作主补的
24、不定式要加在感官动学习必备 欢迎下载 A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard【分析】答案选 D。make himself heard 让他讲的话被别人听到。2.Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music.(广西卷)A.making herself hear B.to make herself hear C.making herself heard D.to make herself heard【分析】答案选 D。使自己讲的话被别有听到，用 make oneself heard，排除 A 和 B；作目的状语用不
25、定式，排除 C。在 be said/reported等后用不定式 在 be said,be reported,be believed,be supposed,be thought 等后面，以及要求接不定式。1.He was reported to have broken the world record.据报道他打破了世界纪录.(=It is reported that he has broken the world record.)2.The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the
26、 human nose and throat.(上海卷)A.cause B.being caused C.to be caused D.to have caused【分析】答案选 C。be believed 后要接动词不定式，排除 A 和 B；又因为 the flu 与 cause是被动关系，所以要用不定式的被动式.The flu is believed to be caused=It is believed/People believe that the flu is cau sed人们认为 3.Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what cou
27、ntry he studied in.(全国卷)A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying【分析】答案选 A。由 studied 可知，他曾到国外留过学，“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作(is said)之前，所以要用完成式。Robert is said to have studied abroad=It is said that Robert studied abroad据说 时用不定式未来或全过程或现在分词正在进行或一直处于某种状态当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时用过去分词现根据不同动词的不同用法分述如下请在下列各例句中仔细体会不定式现在分词或过去分词作补足语的区别析答案选鼓励某人做某事北京卷分析答案选即叫某人不要做某事全国卷分析答案选排除和当不定式的动词是前面己出现过的相同的动词时为避免重复通常省略后的内容只保留全国卷分析答案选本句是告某人不做某事的被动式学习必么时候完成在使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带在使役动词后一般用不带的不定式作宾补但在其被动式后作主语补足语时要加上如分析答案选在后作宾补的不定式不带但在被动式中加全国卷分析答案选后作主补的不定式要加在感官动