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1、牛津上海试用版八年级第二学期U1-U7知识点整理ui知识点整理一、Daily expressions.日常表达1. be interested in 对感兴趣e. g. Peter is interested in playing football,彼得对踢足球感兴趣。指点迷津：interesting 与 interestedinteresting形容词,意为“有趣的”。e.g.We are going to show an interesting experiment.我们将给大家做个有趣的实验。interested 形容词，意为“对感兴趣”，短语 be/become interested
2、in。e.g. They have become interested in science.他们对自然科学感兴趣。Are you interested in history?你对历史感兴趣吗？2. living things 生物指点迷津：alive与living通常情况下，alive做表语(be alive),而living 一般放在名词前做定语用。e.g. That great man is still alive.那个伟人依然活着。all living things 一切生物Latin is not a living language.拉丁语不是现代用语。3. on the end o
3、f,在的末端e.g. Have you ever noticed the rubber on the end of a pencil?你有注意过铅笔末端的那个橡皮头 吗？4. of course 当然e. g. -Will you help me please?请你帮助我好吗？-Of course!当然可以！5 .thankfor为而感谢e.g. He thanked her for the gift.他感谢她的礼物。The manager thanked her crew for being so cooperative.经理感谢她的同事们如止匕通力合作。6 .takefrom从中拿出e.g
4、. When people take trees from the forests, have they ever thought about planting more?当人们从森林中取走树木的时候，他们有想过要种更多的树木吗？7 . releaseinto* 将释放到中e.g. Look, that steel work is releasing black smoke into the air.看呀，那家钢铁厂正在向空气中排放 黑烟。同意转换：mustnt = be not allowed to do sth4. against prep.相反，反对e.g. No one is agar
5、nst this proposal.没有人反对这个提议。That*s agarnst the law,那是违法的。指点迷津：against 与 foi两者都可表示方向，下图指明了两者的区别：foragainst - -O- O-向着逆着e.g. The Prince is making for the open sea while the princess is against.王子号向着大海驶去，而公主号恰好驶回。5. sound like听起来像sound v.听起来（这是个连系动词，后接形容词）e.g. sound good sound beautiful【知识拓展】类似的连系动词还有：
6、feel摸起来，感觉起来taste听起来look看起来smell闻起来6. go off突然作响e.g. When the fire alarm went off, everyone moved to the playground.消防警铃突然作响，所有的人都逃到了操场上。拓展：go off变质e.g. I didnt put the milk in the fridge so it went off.我没有把牛奶放进冰箱，以致它变质 了。7. in ones own words用某人自己的话说e.g. Dont recite the story. Please tell the story
7、in your own words.不要背诵故事，请用自己的话讲 故事。【知识拓展】in other words换句话说；也就是说e.g. Joe doesnt like hard work-in other words, he*s lazy!乔不喜欢干重活儿一一换句话说，他很懒！8. leadto将带领到e.g. The man led all the horses to the stable.那人将所有的马都领进了 马厩。9. find的用法a. find sb./sth +adjI find the classroom clean.b. find sb/sth +doingI find
8、a dog lying on the ground when I entered the room.c. find it +adj.+to doI find it difficult to finish the work without any help.10. alone 与 lonely 的区别：alone （adj.独自的，单独的）（adv.独自地，单独地）She is alone at home.She likes to work alone.lonely （adj.作定语：荒凉的，偏僻的；作表语：孤独的，寂寞的）Thats a lonely island.We never feel
9、lonely in Shanghai.1 .宾语从句学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。a.宾语从句的连接词：两个句子合并为宾语从句时，原来的句子是陈述句变为宾语从句时连 接词用that;原来的句子是一般疑问句时变为宾语从句时连接词用if/whether;原来 的句子是特殊疑问句时变为宾语从句时连接词用原来的特殊疑问词；b.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序即:连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you
10、tell me how I can get to the zoo?Please tell me when well have the meeting.c.宾语从句的时态2 .如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?3 .如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时)。例如：He as
11、ked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.4 .如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns arou
12、nd the sun.Unit 6I. Words.I. Words 单词1. abroad adv.往国外；海外【知识拓展】 近义：overseas adv.海外2. defeat v.击败；战胜3. channel n.(1)航道；海峡(2)(电视的)频道4. wine n.葡萄酒5. region n.区域；地方【知识拓展】regional adj.地区的；区域性的6. agricultoral adj.农业的，农艺的【知识拓展】agriculture n.农业7. crop n.农作物；庄稼8. world-famous adj.举世闻名的9. castle n.城堡10. capit
13、al n.首都11. destination n.目的地12. landmark n.地标13. attraction n.名胜，吸引人的事物【知识拓展】attract v.吸引14. tree-lined adj.绿树成行的；绿树成荫的15. excellent adj.极好的；优秀的16. enable v.使能够，授予权力或方法17. influence n.影响，感化，势力18. culture n.文化(艺术、音乐、文学等的统称)19. throughout prep.各处，遍及II. Daily expressions.日常表达1. now that既然，由于(众所周知的原因)2.
14、 think about doing sth.考虑做某事3. go abroad到国外去4. spread one*s wings起飞；旅行得更远更广5. such as例如，诸如6. used to do sth.过去常常做指点迷津：used to do sth., be used to do sth. 与 be used to doing sth这三个结构非常容易混淆。used to do sth.表示过去常常做某事，而现在这件事情可能已经不再继续了。(2) be used to do sth.是被动语态,表示“被用来做什么”的意思。(3) be used to doing sth.表示“
15、习惯于，适应于”的意思。7. the same. as 与一样8. enable sb. to do sth.使某人有能力做9. in some ways在某些方面【知识拓展】in some (many) ways在一些(许多)方面by the way顺便问一下on the way 在路上in the way挡道，妨碍人的10. go on to do sth.继续去做（另一件事）【知识拓展】go on doing something继续做某事（与原来相同的事）Step 4：Important Sentences structures.1 This year, why not spread y
16、our wings and visit France?why not +do sth.表示提出建议【知识拓展】 类似表示建议的句型还有：What about. How about. Shall we.4. It offers many of the same attractions as the Disney parks in the USA.as在这里为介词，意为“像”。【知识拓展】as作为介词，还可意为“作为”。5. It is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world.one of.最.之一（程度最高要用最高级表示
17、，可数名词要用复数表示）6. If you are taking your children with you,.with表示和一k起。e.g. Is there anyone with you or are you alone?表示有，携带。e.g. He was talking to a woman with a large basket.表示用（工具）。e.g. We see with our eyes, and hear with our ears.表示填、塞等所用的东西或材料等。e.g. The summit of the mountain was covered with snow
18、.（2）if是引导状语从句的从属连接词,表示假设条件，从句用一般现在时表示还未发生的动作和事。Unit 7I . Words.1. site n.建筑工地2. narrow adj.狭窄的；狭隘的【知识拓展】narrow的反义词是wide。3. scared adj.害怕；恐惧，畏惧；担心【知识拓展】scare v.惊吓；使害怕；使恐惧4. attention n.注意；专心；留心；注意力5. scold v.训斥,责骂（孩子）6. pleased adj.高兴的；满意的【知识拓展】pleasure n.愉快；快乐7. chat v.闲聊；闲谈；聊天8. aloneadv.独自alone还可做
19、形容词“独自的”指点迷津：alone与lonelyalone作形容词只表示客观上一个人，且在句中只做表语，作副词时，表示“独自，单独” lonely表示寂寞的，可说明人，也可说明life, days, years.可用作表语或定语.a lonely（孤单的）traveler a lonely（荒凉的）island9. authorn.作者近义词：writer10. pretend v.假装pretend to do sth假装做某事11. score n.打分v.得分 e.g. He scored again in the second half.II. Daily expressions.日
20、常表达1. at work在工作【知识拓展】work out处理；解决2. on ones own 独立地3. pay attention 注意8. as well as 也，还e.g. He as well as his sisters, is going to Canada.他和他的姐妹们将要去加拿大。She is clever as well as beautiful.她不仅聪明，而且漂亮。Penguins can swim under the water as well as on the top of it.企鹅不但能在水里游，而且能在水上 游。【知识拓展】注意区别as well a
21、s/not only-but also-The teacher, as well as the students, wishes for a holiday.（重点放在前者） Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.（重点放在后者）9. protect,-by doing sth.通过保护e.g. The parents wanted to protect their children by locking them in the house.这对父母希望通过将孩子反锁在家中来保护他们的安全。10. joi
22、n-,together 将连在一起e.g. The trees nearby can join their roots together.周围的树木可以将它们的根系交织在一起。11. communicate with one another 相互联系，相互沟通e.g. Nowadays, people usually communicate with each other through the Internet.如今，人们常常通过因特网相互联系。指点迷津：one another, each other一般来说，在表示两个人之间的相互关系时用each other,表示两人以上的相互关系时用on
23、e another,但在实际运用时两者皆可。e.g. Students should help each other.学生们应当相互帮助。Stuttents share their ideas freely with one another.学生们可以自由地交换他们的想法。12. hardly any几乎没有e.g. He spent nearly all his money. He had hardly any left他几乎花光所有的钱。他几乎没有剩 下任何东西。13. in danger处于危险中e.g. He is in danger, please inform him as soo
24、n as possible.他处于危险之中，请尽快通知他。The people in the burning house are in danger.房子着火了，里面的人正处于危险中。14. protect sb. by/from/against 保护e.g. The man raised his arm to protect his face from the blow.这个男人抬起胳膊挡住他的脸部 /y g 加,-I- 免受拳击。Please wear a hat to protect your head against the sun.请戴好帽子，免得头部遭到暴晒。15. What el
25、se？还有什么？e.g. What else do you want to buy?你还想买些什么？二、现在进行时一、现在进行时表示的意义1.表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，强调动作发生的时间是此时此刻。e. g. I am reading an English book.我正在看一本英语书。She is watching TV.她正在看 电视。2.表示目前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。e. g. What lessons are you studying this week?你们本周学习哪些课程了 ？Tom, s parents are working in China
26、this year.汤姆的父母今年一直在中国工作。二、现在分词的构成1 .直接在动词原形末尾加-ing。e.g. teach- teaching play- playing look -looking go - going2 .以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加ing。e.g. write- writing take- taking live- living give- giving3 .以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且词尾只有一个辅音字母时，应双写该辅音字母再加-ing。 e.g. put- putting run- running begin- beginning swim - swim
27、ming三、现在进行时的句子结构现在进行时是由“助动词be+动词的现在分词”构成，be(am, is, are)是助动词。其句子构 成为：1 .肯定句由“主语+be+v.-ing+其他”构成。e. g. I am cleaning the classroom. 我正在打扫教室。They are playing the piano.他们正在弹钢琴。2 .否定句由“主语+be+not+v.-ing+其他”构成。eg He is not watching TV.他没在看电视。They are not writing.他们没在写东西。3 . 一般疑问句由“Be+主语+v.-ing+其他？ ”构成，其肯
28、定答语为“Yes,主语+be，否定答语 为 “No,主语+be+not”。e. g. -Is she listening to the music?她正在听音乐吗？- Yes, she is. /No, she isn*t.是的，她在听。/不,她没在听。- Are they running?他们正在跑步吗？- Yes, they are. / No, they arent.是的，他们在跑。/不，他们没在跑。4.特殊疑问句由“特殊疑问词+be+主语+v.-ing+其他？ ”构成。e.g. What are you doing?你们正在做什么？Who is he talking to?他正在和谁谈
29、话？四、现在进行时的标志1.句中有副词now时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。e. g. The children are playing football now.孩子们现在正在踢足球。2句首有look, listen提醒注意时，提示我们动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。e. g. Look! A train is coming.看！火车来了。Listen! He is reading.听！他正在朗读。3 .句首有表示钟点的时间时，提示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。e.g. Ifs six o clock. My mother is cooking breakfast.现在六点
30、了，我妈妈正在做早餐。4 .根据语境或上下文理解，如果表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。e. g. Dont make noise. The baby is sleeping.不要吵，这个婴儿正在睡觉。五、没有进行时态的动词在英语中有一些动词没有或很少有进行时态。到目前为止，同学们学过的没有进行时态的动 词可分为以下几类：1 .表示感觉的感官动词,如see “看见”，hear “听见”，find “找到，notice “留意”等动 词。e.g. Do you hear the noise of a plane?你听到飞机的声音 了吗？We see him.我们看见他了。【友情提示】表示感觉
31、的动词，如listen to, look at可用于现在进行时态中，强调看的动作而非 结果。eg Theyre listening to the teacher.他们在听老师讲课。2 .表示态度和感情、心理状态等意思的动词，如like “喜欢”，love “爱”，know “知道”，want “需要”，hope “希望”，hate “恨”，think “认为，believe 相信等。e.g. I like dogs.我喜欢狗。I want to go out for a walk now.我现在想出去散步。3 .当have/has表示“拥有”时。e. g. I have a lot of bo
32、oks,我有许多本书。【友情提示】当have/has表示“吃饭；开会；玩得愉快”等意思时，可用于进行时态。e.g. We are having a good time.我们正玩得开心。4.表示状态的be动词“是”。eg He is at hom已他在家里。六、现在进行时和一般现在时的区别1.时间状语：1 1) 一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，强调的是经常性和习惯性，通常与always, often, sometimes,usually 等频度副词以及 in the day, in the morning/aftemoon/evening, on Sundays, at weekend
33、s 等短 语连用。e.g. My father often reads books after dinner.我的父亲经常饭后看书。(2)现在进行时表示讲话时或目前一段时间内正在发生的事情，通常与now, these days, at this time等时间状语连用。e.g. He*s playing the piano now.他现在正在弹钢琴。Look! They are watching TV.看7 他们正在看电视。2 .谓语动词：(1) 一般现在时谓语动词的构成有三种情况be动词用am, is, are；实义动词用原形或第三人称单 数形式；情态动词+动词原形。e.g. My brot
34、her is a policeman.我的哥哥是一名警察。Shedoesn t wear a white uniform.她不穿白色工作服。He can speak English.他会说英语。(2)现在进行时的谓语动词构成为：bc(am, is, arc)+ v. -ingoe.g. Are you cleaning the classroom?你正在打扫教室吗？She is eating dinner.她正在吃饭。U2知识点整理二.词组、句子整理1. look round=look around 环顾四周2. pour into倒入；涌入3. enjoy the view 欣赏风景4. f
35、inish with不再使用某物，用完5. drop.into 把扔到6. speed down快速下滑，跌落7. carryto把带到.8. mean by意思是9. remember to do sth.记住要做某事remember doing sth.记得做过某事三.知识点整理1. Its not easy for me to get here.It is十adj. +for sb. (of sb. )to do sth.(对事加以评论/对人加以评论)在这个句型中，it是形式主语，而句子真正的主语是后面的不定式短语e.g. It is difficult for you to read
36、through this book in a week or so.对你来说一星期左右看完这本 书有困难。It is useful for you to learn how to use the computer.学习使用计算机对你有益处。2.1 waited there until you called me, and here I am.until表示持续做某事，用延续性动词。notuntil表示“直到才”，可以用瞬间动词。e.g. The baby didn*t stop crying until he saw his mother.那个婴孩直到看到妈妈才不哭。We had dinner
37、 until 8:30 p.m.我们吃晚饭一直到8点半。3. Then it was time to get cleaned up.Its time to do sth.表示“是做什么事情的时候了”。它也可以用另外一种句式表达：Its time for sth.e.g. Its time to have dinner.=Its time for dinner.是吃晚饭的时候了。Its time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。Its time to go to school.=Ifs time for school. =Its time for us to go to s
38、chool.=Its time for going to school.该上学了。4. When youve finished with me, Til go to a sewage plant.用will表示将来发生的动作或状态。e. g. -Will you join us?你要加入我们吗？-Yes, we will./ No, we wont.是的，我们要。/不，我们不要。Janes father will give her a beautiful skirt as her birthday present.珍妮的爸爸要给她一件漂亮的裙子作为她的生日礼物。【知识拓展】注意will与be
39、going to的区别：be going to表示事先打算，有意图要发生的事。e. g. I am going to play table tennis with my friends this afternoon.be going to还表示客观情况下（非主观打算）即将要发生的动作。e. g. The weatherman says it is going to rain tomorrow5(a) few 和(a) little 的用法1. (a) few用在可数名词之前，(a) little用在不可数名词之前。e. g. He took a few biscuits, (several)他
40、拿了 几块饼干。He took few biscuits. (= not many)他拿的饼干不多。He took a little butter.(二 some)他拿 了点黄油。He took little butter. ( = not much)他拿的黄油不多。2. few可由hardly any或almost no所取代，含否定的意味。e. g. The composition is well written; it has few(二hardly any) mistakes.这篇作文写得很好，几乎 没什么错误。Few(=Almost no) men can solve it.几乎没有
41、人能解决它。3. a few相当于some(several),含肯定的意味。e.g. He has a few(=some or several) friends.他有一些朋友。4. a little和little之间的区别，就和a few和few的区别一样，只是(a) little需修饰不可数名词， 表数量或程度。e.g. He grows worse; there is little hope of his recovery.他病情恶化了，恢复的希望很小 了。He is not much better, but there is a little hope.他病情不是那么好，但是有点希望。
42、6其他表示数量的词组用法1. plenty of, a lot of, lots of均表许多，修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。e.g. The room contained plenty of/a lot of/lots of students.这个教室容纳了许多学生。（复数名词） The room contained plenty of/a lot of/lots of furniture.这个教室容纳了 许多家具。（不可数名 词）2. a great/a good/deal of, a large/a small/quantity of, a large/a small/amount of
43、,均表数量，修饰不可 数名词。e.g. The room contained a great deal of furniture.（不可数名词）The room contained a good deal of furniture.（不可数名词）The room contained a large quantity of furniture.（不可数名词）The room contained a large amount of furniture.（不口J数名词）The room contained a small quantity of furniture. （不可数名词）The room
44、contained a small amount of furniture.（不可数名词）3. a number of表示“许多；一些；a great/large/good/number of表示“许多”，修饰复数可数名 词，并且要与复数动词连用。e.g. A number of books are missing from the library.图书馆的许多图书丢失了。The number of books from the library is large.图书馆的图书数量很大。the number of+复数名词+单数(be)动词The room contained a great/l
45、arge/good number of students.(复数可数名词)这个教室容纳 了 许多学生。U3知识点整理二、近义词组（句子）整理:1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb.给某人买某物类似的动词还有make, do, get, draw等(be) careful with. care for对小心；喜爱，关心小心！（用于提醒别人。）照顾（使）连接最终把转化为Look out.二 Be careful.=Watch out! take care of = look after connect. to=l
46、ink. to=yoin.to at last=finally=in the end change. into=tum. into different kinds of二different forms of=all kinds of=all forms of 各种各样的come from二be from来自energy=power 能量 powerful=strong 强大的in a way二partly部分卅1monthly = every month = once a month 每月的trick sb.=play a trick on sb.=make jokes about sb.=make fun of sb.=laugh at sb.戏弄某人contain=hold容纳depend on=rely on 依靠service做服务解时，是不可数名词;是服务业时,service必须用复数形式,例如：taxi services 15、Can you tell me what it looks like? =Can you tell me how it looks?你可以告诉我它是什么样的吗？Whats the weather like?= How is the weather?天气怎么样？What do