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1、。单元小结美文串记核心考点单元主干知识 一篇美文串起 词汇会现识记 高效简洁无比The linguists, who study linguistics, say American English has a lot in mon with British English. That is, the former is similar to the latter. But in fact they differ in many ways. First, they have differences in vocabulary. For example, people get around in
2、London by underground, while in New York by subway.Besides, the same word has a slightly different meaning, which can be confusing. Second, the differences between them exist in grammar and prepositions. Americans use in the team, while the British use on the team. Third, there are also differences
3、between the two varieties in spelling and pronunciation, pared with British Englishs spelling, American Englishs spelling seems simpler. The work of Noah made a difference, leading to this variation. Noah simplified some words* spelling and made them have a distinctive American look. He wrote a dict
4、ionary, introducing lots of new American words, pronunciation, use and new spelling. Although British criticised it and werent in favour of these changes, it rapidly became popular among Americans thanks to Noahs attempt. The dictionary became a standard reference book in the USA.语言学家，即讨论语言学的人说美式英语和
5、英式英语有很多共同特点。也就是说,前者与后者很相像。但事实上它们在很多方面不同。首先，两者在词汇方面不同。比方, 人们乘地铁(underground)在伦敦四处走动，而在纽约人们乘地铁(subway)走动。而且，同 一个单词在意思上也有略微不同，这可能令人感到困惑。其次，两者之间的不同还存在于 语法和介词中。人用in the team,而英国人用on the team。第三,这两个不同种类在拼写 和读音上也有所不同。与英式英语拼写相比，美式英语的拼写好像更简洁。诺亚的工作产单元加餐练生了很大影响，导致了这种变化。诺亚简化了一些单词的拼写，使它们有明显的面貌。他 写了一本词典，引进了很多新的单词
6、、读音、用法以及新的拼写。尽管英国人批判这本字 典，不支持这些变化，但多亏了诺亚的努力，它很快在人中流行起来。这本词典已成了的 一本标准的参考书。练失分短板，多练才能增分加餐练（一）完形阅读组合练I .完形填空Mrs. Thompson, a primary school teacher, noticed that Teddy didn t play with the other children, that his clothes were dirty, and that Teddy could be 1.However, when she 2his past records she was
7、 in surprise. Teddys first-grade teacher wrote, “Teddy is a bright child. He does his work neatly and has good 3 .He is a joy to be around.”His second-grade teacher wrote, 66Teddy is an excellent student, well liked by his classmates. But he is 4because his mother is seriously ill.”His third-grade t
8、eacher wrote, uHis mothers ，is a great shock to him. He tries to do his best but his 6 doesn，t care for him ”.Teddys fourth-grade teacher wrote, “Teddy is 7 and doesn，t show much interest in schooL He doesn，t have many friends and sometimes & in class.”By then, Mrs.Thompson 9the problem. Then she qu
9、it teaching reading and writing.10 ? she began to teach children how to be a man. She paid attention to Teddy. As she worked with him, his mind seemed to e alive. The 1 she encouraged him, the faster he responded. Gradually Teddy became one of the smartest children in the class.Several years later a
10、 13 from Teddy came, that he got his bachelor，s degree and that she was still the best and 15 teacher he ever had.That spring at Teddy，s wedding ceremony, they hugged each other, and Teddy 16?s ear, Thank you for 17_ me. Thank you so much for making me feel 地and showing me that I could make a differ
11、ence/With tears in her eyes, Mrs.Thompson said, “Teddy, you were the one who ” me that I could make a difference. I didn，t know how to teach I met you.”语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Teddy是一个不讨人喜爱的五班级同学。Thompson夫 人通过档案知道Teddy原来并非如此，从今她转变自己的教学方式，对Teddy悉心教育， 最终让他从各方面取得了进步，最终成才。多年后，在Teddy的婚礼上，师生彼此表达了 对方对自己的重要性。I1. A.un
12、fortunateB. unpleasantC. unfriendlyD. hopeless解析：选B 依据前文Teddy不和其他孩子一起玩，衣服是脏的可知，Teddy不讨人 喜爱。unfortunate 不幸的；unpleasant ”使人不快的”;unfriendly 不友好的; hopeless ”没有盼望的。故B项正确。2. A.presentedB copiedC. sentD. read解析：选D 依据下文一班级老师对Teddy的评价可知，Thompson夫人在看他过去的 档案。故D项符合语境。3. A.mannersB. examplesC. opinionsD. methods
13、解析：选A 依据下文的“He is a joy to be around.可知与他在一起很快乐，因此可推 知他待人有礼貌。good manners 有礼貌。故A项正确。B. moved4. A.troubledC. pleasedD. weled解析：选A 依据“But”可知上下文构成转折关系，他的同班同学们都很喜爱他，不过母亲的病重让他感到担心。troubled “担心的，苦恼的，符合语境。故A项正确。5. A.actionB controlC. attentionD. death解析：选D 由语境可知，母亲的去世对他是个很大的打击。action 行动”；control 掌握;attenti
14、on 留意；death 死亡。故 D 项正确。6. A.sisterB. fatherC. teacherD. brother解析：选B依据生活常识可知，尽管他努力向上，但他的父亲并不关怀他。故B项正确。7. A.activeB distantC. lonelyD. strange解析：选C联系上文可知，Teddy没有了母亲，而且缺少父爱，因此他是孤独的。active 乐观的;distant 冷淡的；lonely 孤独的；strange 惊奇的。8. A.liesB. laughsC. chats解析：选D由语境并结合选项可知，Teddy没有多少伴侣，并且他有时在课堂上睡觉。故D项正确。9.
15、A.realizedB. foundC. thoughtD. proved解析：选A 联系语境可知，Thompson夫人意识到了问题所在。realize”熟悉到，理解；仃nd 发觉；think 认为；prove 证明。故A项正确。rwiseB AnyhowC. InsteadD. Yet解析：选C 由语境可知，她不再教阅读和写作，而是开头教孩子们如何做人。otherwise 否那么；anyhow 无论如何；instead 反而；yet 但是。故C项正确。11. A.frequentB unknownC. littleD. particular解析：选D 联系上下文可知，Thompson夫人对T
16、eddy特殊关注。故D项正确。12. A.leastB moreC. mostD. less解析：选B 依据下文可知，她越鼓舞他，他的反响就越快。故B项正确。13. A.workB. reportC. letterD. gift解析：选C 依据下文内容可知，几年后Teddy给Thompson夫人寄来了一封信。故 C项正确。14. A.declaringB. expressingC. describingD. explaining解析：选D Teddy在信中说他获得了学士学位。declare ”宣布;express 表达; describe 描述；explain 说明。故D项正确。15. A.f
17、avoriteB. worstC. cleverestD. first解析：选A 联系上文Thompson夫人对Teddy的态度可知，他认为她是最好的、他 最喜爱的老师。故A项正确。16. A.warnedB. repeatedC. shoutedD. whispered解析:选D 依据空后的ear可知Teddy低声在老师耳边说。warn 警告；repeat 重 复“；shout 叫喊；whispei小声说，低声说“。故D项正确。B. hearingD. leaving17. A.enrichingC. trusting解析：选C enrich “使丰富”hear 听；trust “信任；le
18、ave 离开。依据语境可知C项正确。B. ambitiousD. free18. A.importantC. perfect解析：选A 联系上文可知，Thompson夫人让Teddy觉得自己重要。important “重 要的；ambitious ”有雄心的；perfect 完善的；free自由的。故A项正确。19. A.orderedB. taughtC. impressedD. guided解析：选B 此处指Thompson夫人认为是Teddy教会她熟悉到自己可以有所作为。 order 命令；teach 教；impress ”给留下深刻的印象；guide引导。故B项正确。B. after2
19、0. A.unlessC. whenD. until解析：选D 由语境可知，在遇到Teddy以后，Thompson夫人才知道了怎样去教书。notuntil直到才。故D项正确。II ,阅读理解As a kid, I wanted to be a naturalist. When I got to college, I chose what I thought was a more practical path, studying physics along with public policy. That bination led me to atmospheric sciences. Now
20、Im studying low clouds.But I didn，t really notice low clouds until I started my study at the University of Washington, in Seattle. That city had a lot of low clouds. I suddenly realized how important their reflection of heat back into space was for Earth，s climate. I continued studying low clouds at
21、 the University of Colorado in Boulder. There I earned my PhD.Seattle5 s skies may be home to plenty of low clouds, but there are even better places to spot these little clouds. The greatest gatherings tend to occur off the coasts of places like Namibia, in Africa, and northern Chile. These places a
22、re home to some of Earth，s driest deserts. And I like visiting such places.The more I learned about these little clouds, the more fascinating I found them, f m really interested in the various ways these low clouds respond to their environment. Because there are so many low clouds and they help keep
23、 Earth cool by reflecting heat, anything that affects them can also affect overall climate. It feeds back to the whole energy balance of the planet.Lately f ve been exploring how smoke that drifts （漂移）over clouds might change the way that these clouds absorb or reflect sunlight. Such smoke - from bu
24、rning trees and grasses - can drift thousands of kilometers. If that smoke affects clouds, it might also affect climate. Last year, I spent a month on distant Ascension Island in the South Atlantic Ocean setting up instruments to track the interaction （相互作用）between low clouds there and smoke from so
25、uthern Africa.I appreciate the diversity in my work. Besides the occasional trip to distant islands, I also teach and work with other scientists to better understand Earths climate system. Along the way, Im helping bring one type of low clouds to the attention it deserves.语篇解读:作者是一位讨论低云的科学家;她正在讨论低云对
26、气雇航温A. She learnt three majors at the same time in college.B. She wanted to study low clouds when she was a kid.C. She knew the importance of low clouds when in university.D. She was always worried about climate change in the world.解析：选 C 细节理解题。依据其次段的“But I didn，t really notice low clouds until. I s
27、uddenly realized how important their reflection of heat back into space was for Earths climate.可知，作者在高校时知道了低云对气候变化的重要性。2. Why does the author like visiting places like Namibia and northern Chile?A. Because she enjoys views of deserts.B. Because she loves visiting beautiful coasts.C. Because she has
28、got tired of Seattle，s skies.D. Because they，re great places for observing low clouds.解析：选D 推理推断题。依据第三段的“The greatest gatherings tend to occur off the coasts of places like Namibia, in Africa, and northern Chile.”可推断，作者喜爱去这些地方 是由于这些地方很适合观看低云。3. What was the authors purpose in spending a month on Asc
29、ension Island?A. To study smoke，s effect on low clouds.B. To find the real causes of climate change.C. To set up instruments for other scientists.D. To study the influence of low clouds on climate.解析：选A 细节理解题。依据第五段的“Last year, I spent a month on . between low clouds there and smoke from southern Afr
30、ica.”可知，作者在 Ascension Island 待了 一个月 是为了讨论烟对低云的影响。4. What does the underlined word “diversity“ in the last paragraph mean?A. The fact of being very special.B. The fact of working by oneself.C. The fact of being respected by others.D. The fact of including some different things.解析：选 D 词义猜想题。依据最终一段的“Be
31、sides the occasional trip to distant islands, 1 also teach and work with other scientists to better understand Earths climate system.“ 可 知，作者的工作包括多方面的内容，因此可推想，画线词意为“多样性”。加餐练(二)主观题标准增分练I .语法填空Xi an No.l Middle School, which was established in 1947 and J (current) located at No.3 Iron Tower Temple Roa
32、d Xi an Shaanxi PRC, is a public government high school directly administrated by the Xi an Municipal Bureau of Education.Xi，an No.l Middle School is a top-level provincial standardized high school with fully2(equip) teaching facilities and elegant living environment.There are 31 classes, over 1,400
33、 students in our school. The rate of students entering key 3 (university) is 98.3%. Since the school 4 (build), more than 20,000 qualified country builders have been cultivated (培育),among are pillars of society and backbone of the country.Xi an No.l Middle School has high-quality 6 (profession) teac
34、hing faculty and staff. All 143 teachers have noble virtues, exquisite (精湛的)teaching skills and great scientific research abilities. Many teachers are outstanding ones with 7 high reputation in ourprovince.Xi an No. 1 Middle School attaches great importance . cultivating students，development of core
35、 literacy (核/C?素养卜 in addition to the national curriculum, a rich school-based curriculum is included as well. More than 30 students，societies are opened in the purpose of 9(lay) a solid foundation for students lifelong development. At the end of 2017, our school happily celebrated the 10 (seventy)
36、anniversary.答案：II .短文改错When I was taking a train to Londons Victoria Station, I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.Before long, a train inspector es to check our tickets. A passenger realized he couldn，t find his ticket but became quite upset. Then everyone in the carriag
37、e began searching the ticket, which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner. The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success.No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before. Yet, they offered the strangers their help so qu
38、ickly. If we could show concern to others in need, the world would be a better place to live on.答案：第一句：去掉had; noise-noisy其次句：es-came第三句：but-and第四句：searching 后加 for; his-its/the第五句：a-the第六句：previous-previously第七句：strangers-*stranger第八句：on-in此书面表达假定你是李华，刚刚你在笔友微信群里看到Ted发的如下信息：I can speak fluent Chinese
39、 after learning Chinese for five years. I thought I could travel around China without a translator. Now V m in Xishuangbanna in Yunnan Province, but here I can，t follow what the native people speak. Why?请你给他回信息，内容须包括：1 .确定他的汉语水平；2 .汉语的种类（数百种）：官方：一般话（中国和联合国六大官方语言之一）;地方话（方言）。留意：1 .词数100左右；2 .可以适当增加细节，
40、以使行文连贯；3 .开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：dialect方言Hello, Ted,Wish you a good stay in Yunnan!Yours,Li Hua参考范文：Hello, Ted,Theres no doubt that your Chinese is excellent. Sometimes we Chinese can，t follow some natives, let alone you. The following are the reasons.As a country with fifty-six peoples, there are se
41、veral kinds of dialects. Actually, its estimated that there are hundreds of varieties of Chinese. However, standard Chinese, Putonghua, as you have learned, is the official language of China. Moreover, it is one of the six ofOcial languages of the United Nations.Different regions in China have different dialects. Even people in the same region speak different dialects, so it is not surprising that one who can speak Putonghua well can not understand the locals.Wish you a good stay in Yunnan!Yours,Li Hua