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1、第08练情态动词l.can 和 could情态动词用法例句can/could表示能力1. “I dont think Mike can type.“Yes, he can.”2. I can speak fluent English now, but I couldnt last year.在肯定句中，表示客观可能 性，并不涉及具体某事会发 生，常用来说明人或事物的特 征。要表达具体某事实际发生 的可能性时，不用can,需用 could, may, mighto1. As a human being, anyone can make a mistake.2. Im confident that
2、 a solution can be found.3. He can be very forgetful sometimes.4. I may stay at home this weekend.（实际可能性）5. Peter might come to join us.（实际可能性）6. It will be sunny in the daytime, but it could rain tonight.（实际可 能性）表示请求和允许。表示请求， 口语中常用could代替can, 使语气更委婉。1. Can we turn the air conditioner on?2. Any poli
3、ce officer can insist on seeing a drivers license.3. In soccer, you cant touch the ball with your hands.4. Could you have her call me back when she gets home, please?5. I wonder if I could just ask you to sign this.表示对现在的动作或状态进 行主观的猜测，主要用在否定 句和疑问句中。1. It cant be easy caring for a man and a child who
4、 are not your own.2. Can the man over there be our head master?表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态 度，主要用在否定句、疑问句 和感叹句中。1. Can this be an excuse for not giving them help?2. This cant be true.3. How can you be so crazy.【解析】【详解】句意：对不起，恐怕我一个人完成不了这项艰巨的任务。考查情态动词辨析。mustnt禁止;cant不能够;needrft不必；shouldnt不应该。根据”.the difficult task.”
5、 可推知，因为这项任务太艰巨，所以“我”不能够完成它。故选B。10. Kevin falls asleep in class every morning.一He be out late every night or maybe he works at night.A. canB. needC. mustD. should【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意:凯文每天早上在课堂上睡觉。他一定是每天晚上很晚才回来，或者他晚上工作到很晚。考查情态动词。can 能，可能；need 需要；must 一定；should 应该。根据Kevin falls asleep in class every morning
6、.”可知，他每天晚上一定很晚才回来，或者他晚上工作到很晚。此处是有把握的肯定推测，用must, 故选C。11. Nowadays even a smartphone store huge amounts of information.A. mustB. canC. shouldD. need【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：如今即使是智能手机也能存储大量信息。考查情态动词。must必须；can能；should应该；need需要，根据空前的“even a smartphone”和空后的“store huge amounts of information”可知，应该是即使是智能手机也能存储大量信息，
7、用情态动词can,故选B。12. The machinework well in the cold weather.A. mustntB. cantC. needntD. shouldnt【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：这台机器在寒冷的天气下不能很好地工作。考查情态动词。mustnt禁止;cant不能够；neednt不需要；shouldnt不应该。根据“work well in the cold weather.”可知在寒冷天气中机器不能很好地运作，故选B。13. Smokerssmoke in all indoor public places from March 1st, 2017.A.
8、mustntB. needntC. cantD. shouldnt【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：从2017年3月1日起，吸烟者在所有的室内公共场所不准吸烟。考查情态动词。mustnt 不准；neednt 没必要;carft 不能;shouldnt 不应该。根据“smoke in all indoor public places from March 1st, 2017”可知是条例规定强制不准抽烟，用情态动词否定形式“mustnt。故选A。14. Julia has won prizes for her research. She be really talented and hardwork
9、ing.A. canB. needC. shouldD. must【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：朱莉娅因她的研究而获奖。她一定很有天赋，也很勤奋。考查情态动词辨析。can能够/可以；need需要；should应该；must一定/必须。根据上文“Julia has won prizes for her research和下文“talented and hardworking，可知这里用must be肯定推测，表达“朱莉娅一定很有天赋， 也很勤奋”。故选D。15. 一 Look! Is the young lady wearing a blue dress Grace?No, it be
10、 her. She is picking up my sister at the railway station.A. mustntB. cantC. wouldntD. neednt【答案】B【解析】【分析】【详解】句意:看！那位穿蓝色裙子的年轻女士是格蕾丝吗！不，不可能是她。她正在火车站接我妹妹。 考查情态动词。mustnt不允许，禁止；can、不可能；wouldnt将不会；neednt不需要。根据“She is picking up my sister at the railway station.”可知，那位穿蓝色裙子的年轻女士不可能是格蕾丝。故选B。16. Do we have to
11、 leave for the station at once?一 No, we There is plenty of time before the train starts.A. mustntB. needntC. cantD. shouldnt【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意:我们必须马上动身去车站吗？ 不，我们不需要。火车开动前还有很多时间。考查情态动词的用法。mustnt 一定不要，禁止；neednt不需要；can3不能；shouldn,t不应该。根据后文“Thereis plenty of time before the train starts”以及答语“No”可知，没必要马上动身去
12、车站。故选B。17. Don9t let the child walk near the lake. He fall into the water.A. mustB. shouldC. mayD. need【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：不要让孩子在河边走，他可能会掉进河里。考查情态动词的用法。must必须；should应该；may表推测，可能；need需用。根据“Don* let the child walk near the lake. Hefall into the water.”可知，此处应该是表示推测,指在河边走,可能会掉进河里。故选C。18. Children under
13、120cm tall pay full fare for the exhibition.A. cantB. mustntC. shouldntD. neednt【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：身高在120厘米以下的孩子不需要付展览的全部费用。考查情态动词。carft不能；mustnt禁止；shouldn,t不应该；needn,t不需要，不必要。根据常识可知身高 在120厘米以下的孩子不需要付全票，故选D。拓展练二、短文首字母填空Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每
14、空格限填一词，首字母已给）Have you ever wished you didnt have to wake up early and go all the way to school? For 700,000 American kids, this wish comes true. They attend school over the Internet by using o 19 computers.Online schools o 20 many advantages for the learners. Flexibility (灵，舌f生)is the main advantage
15、 to Students can attend school wherever and whenever they want. Whafs more, many online schools will a 21 students to work at their own pace.Another advantage of online schooling is with the variety of subjects. Most online schools teach the same basic lessons like English, math, science, and h 22 S
16、ome online schools also offer specialized classes in subjects such as space science, French, or zoology. However, t 23 schools are often unable to offer these types of classes if there are not enough students.Online schools also have different types of learning t 24 for kids to use. For example, man
17、y online schools have special websites. Only students registered (注册过的)in online classes can watch videos, attend classes ,or chat with teachers and other students. Some online schools have live (现场直播的)classes. In this way, students can call and talk with the teacher d 25 Other online schools even h
18、ave online clubs where kids can talk about their hobbies.【答案】19. (o)rdinary20.(o)ffer21.(a)llow22.(h)istory23.(t)raditional24.(t)ools25. (d)irectly【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了在线学校的优势有哪些。句意：他们使用普通电脑在互联网上上学。根据Have you ever wished you didnt have to wake up early and go all the way to school?”和首字母提示可知，孩子使用普通电脑在互联网上上
19、学，ordinary“普通的”符合句意。 故填(o)rdinary。句意：在线学校为学习者提供了许多优势。根据“many advantages”和首字母提示可知，在线学校提供很多优 势给学生，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，因此用动词原形。ffer。故填(o)ffer。句意：更重要的是，许多在线学校将允许学生按照自己的节奏学习。根据“students to work at their own pace” 和首字母提示可知，在线学校允许学生按照自己的节奏学习，w川后接动词原形，allow“允许”符合句意。故填(a)How。句意：大多数在线学校教授同样的基本课程，如英语、数学、科学和历史。根据Eng
20、lish, math, science”和首 字母提示可知，是一门学科，应该是历史，history“历史”符合句意。故填(h)istory。句意：然而，如果没有足够的学生，传统学校往往无法提供这类课程。根据“there are not enough students”和 首字母提示可知，传统学校无法提供这类课程，traditional传统的”符合句意。故填raditional。句意：在线学校也有不同类型的学习工具供孩子们使用。根据“For example, many online schools have special websites.”和首字母提示可知，有不同的学习工具，tool“工具”
21、，可数名词，用其复数形式tools。故填(t)ools。 25.句意：这样，学生就可以直接打电话和老师交谈。根据Some online schools have live (现场直播的)classes.” 和首字母提示可知，直接打电话和老师交谈，需要副词修饰动词，directly“直接地”符合句意。故填(d)irectly。特别说明:（1） could用来表示请求时，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不能用于肯定句，答语应用can （即：could 不能用于现在时态的简略答语中）。如：Could I use your dictionary?Yes, you can.（否定回答可用：No, Tm afr
22、aid not.）（2） can 和 be able to 辨析can（could）和be able to都可以表示能力，意思上没有区别。但can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to 则有更多的形式。如：Ive always wanted to able to speak fluent English.Those bags look really heavy, are you sure youll be able to carry them on your own?但是，表示在过去某时的某一场合经过一番努力，终于做成了某事，通常不用could,而用was/were able to 来表示
23、。这时， was/were able to 相当于 managed to do 或 succeed in doingo 如：After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again.The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from the building.（3） 惯用形式cannottoo”表示“无论怎么也不（过分）如:You cannot be too careful.你越小心越好。惯用形式cannot but+不定式（不带to
24、） ”表示“不得不，只好如：I cannot but admire her determination.我不得不钦佩你的决心。2. may 和 might情态动词用法例句表示允许、许可。否定回答一般用must not/mustnt,表示“禁止、阻止”之意,但也 可以用had better not （最好别）或may not （不可以），语气较为委婉。1 . May I come in and wait?2 May I smoke here?No, you mustnt(或 No, youd better not.)在表小请求、允许时，might比may语气 更委婉些。用May I征询对方许可在
25、文体 上比较正式，在口气上比较客气，在日常 用语中，用Can I征询对方意见更为常见。1. Might I borrow your pen?2. I wonder if I might speak to your son.may/might表示可能性的推测，通常用在肯定句和否 定句中，含有“或许”“大概”“可能”之意;用might代替may时，则语气显得更加不-i=. 士月定。1. It may rain this afternoon.2. She might come to join us this afternoon.3. I suppose he might have missed th
26、e train.may用于祈使句表示祝愿1. May you succeed.2. Long may he live!愿他能持续住下去。3. May you have many more days as happy as this one.4. May she rest in peace.愿她安息。惯用句式：“may well+动词原形”，意为“完全能，很 可能，相当于 to be very likely to“may as well 或 might。ust)as well+动词原 形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”，相当于 “had better 或 there is no reason to
27、 do anything else.1. It may well change forever the way you look at Greek art.2. There may well be a real problem here.3. There is nothing to do, so I may as well go to bed.4. You may as well tell us now, well find out sooner or later.5. . I suppose we might as well go home.6. And if you have to plo
28、ugh the field anyway, you might as well plant it at the same time.3 must 和 have to情态动词用法例句must表示“必须，应该”之意，语气比should, ought to 强烈。其否定形式must班表示“不准，不应该， 禁止”等意1. You must come to school on time.2. Everybody must obey the law.3. You mustnt drive so fast in the street.4. We mustnt waste any more time.在回答带
29、有must的问句时，否定回答常用 neednt或dont have to,表示不必”，而不用 mustnt1. 一Must I come back before ten?一Yes, you must.(No, you neednt)表示有把握的推测，意为“一定、准是、相必”，只用于肯定句中1. It must be my mother.2. You must be hungry after a walk.3. There must be a hole in the wall.have to“必须，不得不“，意义与must相近。但must 表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往 强调客
30、观需要。1. The film is not interesting. I really must go now.2. I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.must只有一种形式，即现在式与过去式都是一 种形式，而have to则涉及各种人称、时态等方 面的变化形式。1. I had to work hard when I was your age.2. I will have to learn how to use a computer.3. In order to take the exam, well have to fin
31、ish the whole book by the end of this month .两者的否定意义不同，mustnt表示禁止，不 许”,dont have to表示不必。1. You mustnt go there.2. You dont have to go there.4. shall 和 should情态动词用法例句shall用于第一、二、三人称构成的疑问句，表示征求对方意见或请求指示1. Shall I open the window?2. Shall we say 6 oclock, then?3. What shall I get for dinner?用于第二、三人称陈述句
32、中，表示说话人给 对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。1. Dont worry, you shall get the answer this afternoon.（允诺）2. He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.（警 告）3. You shall do as I say.（命令）4. If you children dont do as I tell you, you shall not go to the party.（威胁）表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”1. What should I do?2. Should I trust him?3.
33、You should read his new book.should表示推测，用在肯定句中，对现在的情况或可能发生的事的主观推测或期待。意为“想必，大概，或许”（1） It should be a nice day tomorrow.（2） Try phoning Robert, he should be home now.（3） He should be around sixty years old.还可以用在if引导的条件句中，表示一件 事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全不可 能，相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语用 should+动词原形构成，主句都一定用虚拟 语气1. Ask Tom to
34、 ring me up if you should see him. （你万一见到汤姆，请让他给我打个电话）2. Should I be free tomorrow, 1911 come.（万一我 明天有时间，我就过来）3. If things should change suddenly, please let me know.（万一情况突变，请通知我）用于疑问句或感叹句中，表示意外、惊异的 情绪，意为竟会，与why, what, how, who连用，如果是疑问句，则不需要回答。1. Why should anyone want to marry Tony?2. Dont ask me.
35、How should I know?5. will 和 would情态动词用法例句will/would用于表示意志或意愿。will指现在， would指过去。1. He is the man who will go his own way.（他首歌自 行其是的人。）2. They said they would meet us at 10:30 at the station.表示请求、建议等，用would比用will 委婉、客气。1. Will you please take a message for him?2. Would you please tell me your telephon
36、e number?表示习惯或倾向，意为“总是，惯于。will至现在，would指过去o1. Fish will die without water.2. People will talk.（人们总会说闲话。）3. When we worked in the same office, we would often have coffee together.表示推测，意为“很可能，大概。will 表小推测比should把握大，比must把 握小。1. These things will happen.2. That will be the messenger ringing.3. . It wou
37、ld be about ten oclock when he left home.表示功能,意为“能,行”。惯用形式:will do/would do表小解决问题、就行”11. That will be all right.2. Either pen will do.3. It would not do to work too late.(工作太晚不行。)用于否定句中，意为“不肯”、“不乐意”1. I wont listen to your nonsense.2. No matter what I said, he wouldnt listen to me.6. need 和 dare情态动词
38、用法例句need用于表示“需要，必要”之意。做情态动词时， 仅用于否定句和疑问句，只有现在时，过去 式要用neednt have,疑问式用need+人称?， 否定式用 need not(即 neednt),1. Need we leave soon?一Yes, you must.(No, you neednt)2. You neednt have hurried.(=It was not necessary for you to hurry, but you did).你当时不必这么匆忙。做实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词相 同,后接带to的不定式(need doing = need to
39、be done )，过去式用 needed、did you need?和 didnt need,肯定式用 needs/needed/need,疑问 式用do、does、did提问，否定式要在前面加 dont、doesnt、didnt1. A job like nursing needs patience and understanding.(need+名词，need understanding=need to be understood,需要被理解)2. He needs to see a doctor.(need to do)3. Do you still need volunteers t
40、o help clean up after the party?(need somebody to do something)4. They didn*t need to start so early.(do not need to do)dare用于表示“敢于”之意。做情态动词，没有人称 和数的变化，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条 件状语从句中1. 一Dare you tell her the truth?一Yes, I dare. /No, I darent.3. How dare you accuse me of lying!4. He darent admit this.用作实义动词时，其
41、变化与一般的实义动词 相同。在肯定句中，dare后接带to的不定式； 否定句中，dare后既可接带to的不定式，也1. Only a few journalists dared to cover the story.2. He doesnt dare (to) go there alone.3. Dont you dare (to) touch it?可接不带to的不定式。7. ought的用法:情态动词用法例句ought to do表示“应该”之意1. You ought to take care of him.2. 一Ought I go now?Yes, you ought to. /N
42、o, you oughtnt to.表示推测。注意与must表示推测是的区别1. He must be home by now.（断定他已至家）2. He ought to be home by now.（不十分肯定）3. This is where the oil must be.（比较直率）4. This is where the oil ought to be.（比较含蓄）一、单项选择1. 一Thomas, where are my postcards? I find them.一They,re on the bookshelf.A. cantB. needntC. mustntD. s
43、houldnt【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：Thomas,我的明信片在哪里？我找不到它们。它们在书架上。考查情态动词辨析。can、不能；needrft不必；mustnt禁止；shouldnt不应该。根据“where are my postcards” 及“I.f nd them”可知，不能找到明信片,故选A02. The public sign （ VSz in the library means people smoke there.A. couldB , mustC. couldntD. mustnt【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：图书馆的这个公共标志意味着人们不能在那里吸烟。考查情态动
44、词。could可以；must必须；couldnt不可以；mustnt禁止。根据常识可知，图片这个标志是禁 止吸烟，故选D。3. 一David, do you know Su Yiming, a snowboarder from China?一Sure. He won the first place in the mens Big Air Event. He be hard-working.A. needntB. cantC. shouldD. must【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意: 大卫，你认识来自中国的单板滑雪运动员苏翊鸣吗？ 当然。他在男子大跳台赛事中获得第 一名。他一定很努力。考查情态
45、动词。neednt 不必；can、不能；should 应该；must 一定。根据“He won the first place in the mens Big Air Even俨可知他获得了第一名，所以此处作肯定推测，他一定很努力。故选D。4. 一Whose physics book is this?一It be Helens because her name is on it.A. mustntB. mustC. mightD. cant【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：这是谁的图画书？它一定是Helen的，因为她的名字在上面。考查情态动词辨析。mustnt不允许；must 一定；might可
46、能；cant不可能。根据because her name is on it” 可知，此处是肯定猜测，一定是她的，故选B。5. The doctor has suggested that Tim lose at least 10 pounds to stay healthy.A. canB. shouldC. wouldD. may【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：医生建议蒂姆应该至少减掉10磅以保持健康。考查情态动词辨析。can能，会；should应该；would会；may可以。根据“The doctor has suggested”可知， 此处是医生建议Tim应该减肥，故选B。6. There is enough milk and eggs in the fridge. So you not buy any these days.A. canB. needC. mustD. should【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：冰箱里有足够的牛奶和鸡蛋。所以现在你不用买了。考查情态动词辨析。can能够；need必须;must必须；should应该。根据“There is enough milk and eggs in the fridge”可知，冰箱里有足够的食物，没必要