《第12练定语从句-2022年八年级英语（牛津上海版）（解析版）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《第12练定语从句-2022年八年级英语（牛津上海版）（解析版）.docx（9页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、第12练定语从句概念：在句中作定语的句子，它修饰一个名词或代词，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。这个被修饰的名词、代词叫做先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。定语从句的引导词：关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等知识点1：关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定 语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1 .who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在
2、从句中作主语和宾语。e.g. Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？ （who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2 .whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。e.g. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏 了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book
3、 whose （of which） cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3 .which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。e.g. A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在句中作宾语）知识点2：关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which”结构，因此常常和”介词+
4、 which”结构交替使用。e.g. There are occasions when （on which） one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where （in which） I was born. 北京是我的出生地。知识点3：判断关系代词与关系副词1.用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词; 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。e.g. This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.这是我去年呆过的山村。Fil ne
5、ver forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。2准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。知识点4：限制性和非限制性定语从句1 .定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明 确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分 开。e.g. This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）Th
6、e house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2 .当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。e.g. Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。3 .非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为
7、先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。e.g. He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。知识点5：关系代词that的用法1 .不用that的情况引导非限定性定语从句时及介词后不能用thato2 .只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况1）
8、在there be句型中，只用that,不用which。2) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little 等作先行词时，只用 that,不用 which o3) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时,只用thato4) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.5) 先行词既有人，又有物时。e.g. All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally, the thief handed everything that he h
9、ad stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。一、单项选择1. Do you still remember the place we visited last month?A. whereB. whichC. whatD. who【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：你还记得我们上个月参观的那个地方吗？考查定语从句。we visited last month”是对“the place”的修饰限定，因此本句为定语从句。从句中visited缺 宾语，因此空格处使用关系代词。先行词the place”是物，关系代词用which/that。故选B。2. 一 Do you
10、like the song Shao Nia也Yes. I like the song I can sing along with.A. whatB. whoC. thatD. whose【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：你喜欢少年这首歌吗？ 是的。我喜欢我能跟着唱的歌。考查定语从句引导词。what不能引导定语从句；who关系代词，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；that 关系代词，先行词可以指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whose先行词可以指人，也可以指 物，在从句中作定语。根据句子结构可知，此处考查定语从句，其中先行词是“songs，指物，应用that引 导，并在从句中作宾语
11、。故选C。3. I like the singerscan sing the words clearly.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：我喜欢那些能把歌词唱清楚的歌手。考查定语从句关系词。根据“the singers . can sing the words clearly”可知此处是定语从句，先行词the singers” 指人，且在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句。故选A。4. We all miss Dr Wu Mengchao saved thousands of lives in his medical work.A. w
12、hichB. whatC. whoD. whose【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：我们都会想念在他的医学工作中拯救了成千上万条生命的吴孟超医生。考查定语从句的引导词。空处及其后是定语从句，修饰先行词Dr Wu Mengchao”，先行词是人，而且引导 词在定语从句中作主语，所以引导词应用who。故选C。5. Zhang Guimei, Role Model of the Times, is a headmaster changed many girls in poor countrysidefamilies.A. whyB. whoC. whenD. which【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：
13、时代楷模张桂梅是一位改变了许多农村贫困家庭女孩命运的校长。考查定语从句。why为什么；who谁；when什么时候；which哪一个。分析句子可知，该句是含有定语从 句的复合句；先行词headmaster”指人，关系词用who,在从句中作主语。故选B。6. 一 Can you say something about the Slender West Lake?It is the greatest place of interest all the people in Yangzhou are proud of.【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意:你能说说瘦西湖吗？ 这是扬州人最引以为豪的名胜古迹。考
14、查定语从句。which 的那个；whom谁，宾格；who谁，主格；that用于某些动词、形容词和名词后， 弓I 出从句o 根据“It is the greatest place of interest .all the people in Yangzhou are proud of.”可矢口，止匕处 interest 后为定语从句，先行词place为物，使用which或者that引导，但是当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，使用 that不用whicho故选D。7. 一What are you doing?Im looking for the book from Millie I borrowed
15、last night.A. whoB. whichC. whatD. where【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：你正在做什么？我正在寻找昨晚我从米莉那里借的书籍。考查定语从句。根据“the book from MillieI borrowed last night”可知，这是定语从句，先行词the book”表物， 引导词在从句中作宾语，故选B。8. I like to visit the places the people are friendly and the food is tasty.A. whoB. whereC. whichD. that【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：我喜欢去那
16、些人们友好、食物美味的地方。考查定语从句。who先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语；where先行词是地点，在从句中作状语；which 关系代词，指代物，在从句中作主语或宾语；that先行词是人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；根据“the places.the people are friendly and the food is tasty.”可知，本句先行词“the places”是地点且在从句中作状语， 需用where,故选B。9. Tom is thinking about those questions you asked me yesterday.A. whoseB. whoC.
17、whyD. /【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：汤姆在思考你昨天问我的那些问题。考查关系代词。whose谁的；who谁；why为什么。根据语境可知，本题考查定语从句，因先行词是“questions”, 指物，可用which/that；因关系词在从句中做宾语，可省略，故选D。10. The manshirt is white is my Chinese teacher.A. thatB. whoC. whichD. whose【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：穿白色衬衫的那个人是我的语文老师。考查定语从句。that先行词为人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；who先行词为人，在从句中作主语或 宾语;
18、which先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语;whose先行词为人或物，在从句中作定语。根据“The man . shirt is white is my Chinese teacher.”可知，这里先行词“the man”是人，关系词在从句中作定语，故选D。11. We will finish our middle school, we should say thanks to those people help us a lot.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. when【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：我们即将初中毕业，我们应该感谢那些帮助我们的人。考查定语从句。分析句子结构
19、可知，是定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词是people,用关系代词who/that 作从句主语，故选B。12. 一Do you know Gu Ailing?一Of course. She is a famous skiing player won two gold medals.A. whomB. whoC. whichD. whose【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意: 你知道谷爱凌吗？当然。她是一位著名的滑雪运动员，赢得了两枚金牌。考查关系词。whom“谁”,who 的宾格；who“谁；which“哪一个；whose“谁的。根据“She is a famous skiing playerwon
20、 two gold medals.”可知，该句为定语从句，先行词指人，关系词要用whom/who；再根据“won two gold medals”可知，从句缺少主语，关系词要用who。故选B。13. My grandparents like to live in the house is not very big but bright and comfortable.A. thatB. whoC. whatD. where【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：我的祖父母喜欢住在不大但明亮舒适的房子里。考查定语从句的引导词。that关系代词，其先行词为人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，
21、 其先行词为人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；where关系副词，其先行词为表示地 点的名词，在定语从句中作状语。分析句子结构可知，引导词在定语从句中作主语，且先行词“the house” 为物，故应用that引导定语从句。故选A。14. Wed offer the poor children dont have enough food something to eat.,A. whatB. whichC. whereD. who【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：我们会给那些没有足够食物的穷孩子提供一些吃的东西。考查定语从句。what引导宾语从句；which引导宾语从句，先
22、行词是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；where 引导定语从句，先行词是地点，在定语从句中作状语；who引导定语从句，先行词是人，在定语从句中作 主语或宾语，分析句子结构可知，句子是定语从句，排除A,先行词“the poor children”是人且在定语从句中 作主语，所以句子应该是who引导的定语从句，排除B和C,故选D。15. I hope youll remember the important people in your lives helped and supported you.A. whichB. whatC. whoD. when【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：我希望你们能记
23、住生命中那些帮助和支持你们的重要人物。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词people指人，在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句，故选C。二、短文首字母填空在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。Maybe your parents always ask you this question, Why cant you finish your homework quickly and carefully? ”Theres a good reason why your parents think homework is very i 16 to you. Homewo
24、rk helps you learn. And getting a good education can help you build the kind of future life that you want.How can you get it done? First, you need a quiet place w 17 any noise or influence (影响).Dont write your homework with a packet of crisps beside you or while talking on the p 18 It is not going t
25、o help you finish the homework.Turn off the TV, the computer and the MP3. It will be better. Youll finish your work more quickly. Secondly give yourself e 19 time, never do it in a hurry. Really learning something t 20 time. But if you find that you still cant get the answers even after spending a l
26、ong time on one problem, you need to ask for help. Thirdly, if you find it d 21 to finish your homework well. It sometimes means you cant understand the lessons you have at school. Fourthly, some children are always busy but in fact they dont spend enough time on homework. Some personal (个人的)p 22 ca
27、n cause trouble with your work, too.【答案】16. (i)mportant17. (w)ithout18. (p)hone19. (e)nough 20. (t)akes 21. (d)ifficult 22. (p)roblems【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了如何完成家庭作业的一些建议。句意：为什么你的父母认为家庭作业对你很重要，这是有原因的。根据“Homework helps you learn. And getting a good education can help you build the kind of future life that yo
28、u want.”和首字母提示可知，作业对你彳艮重要， important符合句意。故填mportant。句意:首先，你需要一个安静的地方，没有噪音和影响。根据“a quiet place”和首字母提示可知，安静的地 方没有噪音和影响，without符合句意。故填(w)ithout。句意：写作业时，旁边不要放着一包薯片，也不要边写边讲电话。根据“talking on”和首字母提示可知，不 要一边打电话一边写作业，phone符合句意。故填(p)hone。句意：其次，给自己足够的时间，不要匆忙做这件事。根据never do it in a hurry”和首字母提示可知，有时 间才能不匆忙做作业，en
29、ough符合句意。故填(e)nough。句意：真正学习是需要时间的。根据“time”和首字母提示可知，真正学习是需要时间的，take符合句意，主 语是第三人称单数，动词也用三单。故填(t)akes。句意：第三，如果你发现很难完成你的家庭作业，这有时意味着你不能理解你在学校的课程。根据“it sometimes means you cant understand the lessons you have at school.”可知，因为不理解课,所以导致很难完成 作业，结合首字母提示，difficult符合句意。故填(d)ifficult。句意：一些个人问题也会给你的作业带来麻烦。根据Fourthly, some children are always busy but in fact they don,t spend enough time on homework.”可知，个人问题也会给作业带来麻烦，结合首字母提示，problem可 数名词，前有some修饰，因此用复数形式。故填(p)roblems。