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1、第02练现在完成时积累运用现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作，或表示开始在过去，并且一直延续到现在，甚至还可能延续下去的动作。在完成时由“助动词have (has) +动词的过去分词”构成。 表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时，时间状语有：already, yet, just, once, twicexver, never.three times, before 等。如：1 have never seen such fine pictures before.He has just gone toEngland. 表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时，
2、时间状语有：for (two years) ,si nee 1990, since (two weeks ago)和 since 引导的状语从句。如：I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.这里尤其注意for和since的用法及区别。for与一段时间连用，since与时间点连用。注意：since后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.I ha
3、vent seen her since she left Shanghai.I saw Pingping six years ago. Since I have never seen her. 口语中 have gol 往往表示 have (有)的意思。如：They have got thousands of books in their library.区别：have been to, have gone to, have been inhave been to表示去过某个地方，不过现在已经回来了have gone to表示去了，但还没有回来，也许是在去的途中have been in指的是在
4、某个地方，从过去一直延续到现在如：-Where is Mr Li?-He has gone to theUK.-Do you know something about Beijing?-Yes, I have been to Beijing three times.He has been in Shanghai for years.在完成时中，一个瞬间性动词（一次性动作）不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，此时须将该瞬间动词改 为延续性动词或状态动词。瞬间性动词的完成时延续性动词的完成时Have boughtHave hadHave borrowedHave keptHave leftHave be
5、en awayHave begunHave been onHave joinedHave been inHave diedHave been deadHave become friendsHave been friendsHave finishedHave been overHave got angryHave been angry或者使用下面这个句型：It is/ has been + （多久）+ since +主语（人）+谓语（过去时）+过去时间状语注意在其它的时态中也存在类似问题，记住，关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。如： How long may I keep the b
6、ook?（句子中 keep 取代了 borrow）用在“Il （This） is（will be ） Ihe first/second/lhirdlime+that 从句”中（作为拓展）在这种从句中，当主句动词为is/willbe时，that从句的动词用现在完成时，Ihat可以省略。This is the first time I have been here.Itll be the first time Ive spoken in public.“It （This）is the bcst（ worst, most interesting等）+名词+从句”结构中的从句要求用现在完成时。如：Th
7、is is the best film Pvc ever seen.这是我所看过得最好的一部电影。This is the most interesting novel he has ever written.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1.现在完成时与一般过去时都表示过去的动作，但现在完成时强调动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的影 响、生成的结果等等，而一般过去时只表示在过去的时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，强调动作，前者强 调影响。1 ) A: Have you seen the film?你看过这部电影吗？B: Did you see the film?你看过这部电影吗？A句强调的是被问者对剧
8、情是否了解;B句强调的是这部电影的动作是否发生过,并不强调是否知道其内容。2）A: She has watered the flowers.她已经浇了花。（不需要再浇了）B:Shc watered the flowers yesterday. 她昨天浇的花。2 .表示过去的时间状语如：yesterday, last week , two years ago Just now ,in 2002等，以及when为首的疑问 句与一般过去时连用，而不与现在完成时连用。1） Toin has written a letter to his parents last night.（错）Tom wrote
9、a letter to his parents last night.（对）2） have you ever been to the great wall?一Yes, I have.一When did you go there?Last week.基础过关练一、单项选择1. Wow! The dog is quite cute. When did you buy it?Well. I it for two months.A. keptB. boughtC. have hadD. have kept【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：哇！这只狗很可爱。你什么时候买的？嗯。我已经买了两个月了。考查现在
10、完成时。根据“fbr two months”可知，此处用现在完成时，buy的延续性动词是have had。故选C。2. 一Juli, these days Wei Dongyi from Peking University peoples attention.B. caughtD. was catchingYes. He is famous for his simple lifestyle and his maths research. A. catchesC. has caught【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：Juli,这些天，来自北京大学的韦东奕引起了人们的注意。是的。他以简朴的生活方式
11、和数 学研窕而闻名。考查动词时态。根据these days”可知，此句表明谓语动作自过去已发生，且产生了对现在的影响，即“引起 了人们的注意“，因此设空处应用现在完成时态，即has caught符合语境。故选C。3. Please remember to put away your school things before you go to bed, Helen.I it, Mum. Look at my tidy desk.A. doB. will doC. have doneD. am doing【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：海伦,睡觉前请记得把你的学习用品放好。我已经做了，妈妈。看我
12、整洁的桌子。考查现在完成时。根据“Look at my lidy desk.”可知，Helen让妈妈看自己整洁的课桌，说明她已经把学习用 品放好了，表示动作已经完成，需用现在完成时。故选C。4. Jiangsu has sent nearly 200 teachers to the Lhasa Jiangsu Experimental High School it was open in2014.A. whenB. unlessC. sinceD. until【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：自2014年开学以来，江苏已向拉萨江苏实验中学派出近200名教师。考查动词的时态。when当时候；unl
13、ess除非；since自从；until直到。根据句子结构及备选项可知,此处主句用现在完成时，则从句为“since+从句”，且从句应为一般过去时。故选C。5. 一The drama series A Lifelong Journey人世间）hit screens these days.一Oh, what a pity! 1 any of them yet.A. didnt watch B. wont watch C. havent watched D. wasnTt watching【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：电视剧人世间最近上映了。哦，多么可惜！我一集也没看过。考查动词时态。根据“yet”
14、可知，此句用现在完成时have/has done结构，故选C。6. Tintinpopular for over eighty years.A. isB. will beC. wasD. has been【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：丁丁（的故事）已经流行了 80多年。考查句子时态。根据句中“for over eighty years”提示，空格处应用现在完成时，指过去的动作或状态持续到 现在，或对现在造成的影响，可能持续发生下去。故选D。7. I you for two years. I miss you very much.A. dont seeB. wont seeC. didnt s
15、eeD. havent seen【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：我有两年没见到你了。我非常想念你。考杳动词的时态。根据fbr two years”和语境可知，表示已经两年没见面了，用现在完成时have/has done, 否定在助动词后加noto故选Do8. My motherin this school for ten years and she is always patient with her students.A. taughtB. will teachC. has taughtD. is teaching【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：我母亲在这所学校教了十年书，她对学生总是很有耐
16、心。考查动词时态。根据”.for ten years and she is always patient with her students.”可知,她直到现在已经教了十 年书，本句需用现在完成时，其结构为：havc/hasdone。故选C。9. Wegood friends since we were in middle school.A. have been【答案】AB. areC. wereD. will be【解析】【详解】句意：我们从中学起就i直是好朋友。考杳动词时态。根据since we were in middle school.”可知，“since+一般过去时”常与现在完成时(
17、have/has done)连用,故选A。10. My grandparents taijiquun for a year now and they arc both in excellent condition.A. playedB. will playC. have played D. were playing【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：我的祖父母打太极拳已经一年了，他们的身体状况都很好。考查动词时态。根据for a year now可知，“fbr+时间段”表示现在完成时，结构是“have/has done”。故选C(.二、用所给单词的正确形式填空11. The girl has(wr
18、ite) more than 100 letters since last year.【答案】written【解析】【详解】句意:自从去年以来,这个女孩已经写了 100多封信。write“写”，是动词,根据“since last year”可知,此处 用现在完成时have/has done, write的过去分词是writteno故填writteno12. As symbols of friendship, pandas(live) in the US for 50 years.答案】have lived【解析】【详解】句意：作为友谊的象征，熊猫已经在美国生活了 50年。根据“for 50 y
19、ears”可知，此句时态是现在完成时态, 主语是复数,助动词用have；故填have lived。13. Elsa, what would you like to make for our party?A delicious cake. In fact, I(finish) making it.【答案】have finished【解析】【详解】句意：一艾尔莎，你想为我们的聚会做什么？一一个美味的蛋糕。事实上，我已经做好了。finish“完成”, 动词，根据【n fact, I.making it”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在产生的影响，用现在完成时have/has done, 主语是“I”,助
20、动词用have。故填have finished。14. 一Are you going swimming with me (his weekend?一Well. I(not decide). Ill ask my mother first. Maybe she has another plan.【答案】havent decided【解析】【详解】句意：这个周末你要和我一起去游泳吗？啊。我还没决定。我先问问我妈妈。也许她另有打算。 根据IF ask my mother first. Maybe she has another plan.”可知过去没有做出决定，对现在造成的影响是需要 问问妈妈,用现
21、在完成时，其结构为have/has done,主语T”后用have与not缩写为havent, decide的过去 分词形式为 decidedo故填 havent decided(15. Sally(tell) her dream job to her parents already but neither of them agrees with it.(答案】has told【解析】【详解】句意：萨莉已经把她的理想工作告诉了她的父母，但他们都不同意。根据“already”可知，此空使用现在完成 时的结构，主语为单数，使用has done的结构，lell的过去分词为told。故填has tol
22、d。三、完形填空Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage (选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文)As e-sports grow in popularity, more people consider playing video games to be a sport. More than 100 colleges in the United States now have e-sports teams. Many of those school provide scholarships （奖学金）,jusl as they
23、do for 16 athletes （运动员）.The organizers of the Olympics are even considering adding e-sports competitions in the future.Still, many people say e-sports doivt belong in the same category as traditional sports.Heres what two of our readers think.1 Yes!Just like football or soccer, e-sports are all abo
24、ut competition.They require skill and concentration. The best players are so talented. They,re like the LeBron James of video games. Serious gamers spend many hours17 their skills. Sonic professional gaming teams practice for up to 50 hours a week. Some people say playing video games doesnt involve
25、physical activity. But thats not always 18. When I play Wii sports, I movearound and sometimes even 19.2 No!A sport involves physical activity and skill. Playing video games takes skill. But it doesnt require enough20 to make it a sport. In fact, people often sit for hours while playing video games.
26、Actual sports, like basketball, help kids get exercise.Just because there arc a lot of e-sports competitions doesnt make playing video games a sport.People compete in spelling bees where winners get prizes. Yet thats not a sport. And 21 is playing video games.16. A. topB. allC. normalD. terrible17.
27、A. showingB. improvingC. discussingD. removing18. A. possibleB. commonC. trueD. enough19. A. gel into breathB. keep breathingC. gel out of breathD. lose breath20. A. strengthB. movementC. abilityD. skill21. A. yetB. orC. soD. neither【答案】16. A17. B18. C19. C20. B21. D【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了电子竞技越来越受欢迎，而电子竞技是否
28、属于一项运动目前被人们热烈讨论。句意：这些学校中的许多都提供奖学金，就像他们为顶级运动员提供奖学金一样。top 优秀的；all 所有的；normal 正常的；terrible 糟糕的。根据“Many of those school provide scholarships”和 常识可知，是给优秀的运动员的，故选A。句意：认真的游戏玩家会花很多时间来提高他们的技能。showing展示；improving提高;discussing讨论；removing移除。根据“their skills”可知，是提高技能，故选Bo句意：但这并不总是正确的。possible 可能的；common 普遍的；true
29、对的；enough 足够的。根据“Some people say playing video games doesnt involve physical activity.和But”可知,作者对此不认同,故选C。句意：当我玩Wii运动时，我四处走动，有时甚至喘不过气来。get into breath恢复呼吸；keep breathing不停地呼吸;get out of breath气喘吁吁;lose breath无法呼吸。根据 “I move around”可知，我有时气喘吁吁，故选C。句意：但是玩电子游戏并不需要足够的动作来让它成为一项运动。strength 力量;movement 移动;ability 能力；skill 技能。根据“A sport involves physical activity and skill.可知，玩电子游戏不需要足够的动作，故选B。句意：玩电子游戏也是如此。yet 还；or 或者；so 所以;neither 也不。根据“People compete in spelling bees where winners get prizes. Yet thats not a sport.”可知，玩电子游戏也不是一项运动，前句是否定句，neiiher符合句意。故选D。