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1、考研外语模拟试题及答案5一、Use of English1 A controversial decision on whether choice cuts of steak and cartons of milk produced from cloned animals are suitable for the dinner table is now long overdue.Hundreds of pigs, cows and other animals created with the help of cloning are living (1)farms across the Unite
2、d States and (2) the forthcoming ruling will directly (3) American consumers, British holidaymakers may also (4) themselves at the forefront of a food revolution that many commentators expect will (5) arrive here.(6)the birth of Dolly the sheep一the first mammal cloned from an adult cell一there were e
3、xtreme predictions of herds of genetically (7) bulls and pastures (8) with cloned dairy cows.That double (9) of the past decade has not yet been realized (10) clones have become a familiar sight at agricultural fairs in America, where producers of (11) pigs and cattle have been among the first to (1
4、2)cloning, which offers a way to keep (13)traits without inbreedingA.a famous French ladyB.the ancient ChineseC.the upper social classD.people in Holland6、 A mysterious black cloud approaches the earth一our planets weather is severely affected.Throughout the rest of June and July temperatures rose st
5、eadily all over the Earth. In the British Isles the temperature climbed through the eighties, into the nineties, and moved towards the hundred marks. People complained, but there was no serious disaster.The death number in the U. S. remained quite small, thanks largely to the air-conditioning units
6、that had been fitted during previous years and months. Temperatures rose to the limit of human endurance throughout the whole country and people were obliged to remain indoors for weeks on end. Occasionally air-conditioning units failed and it was then that fatalities occurred. Conditions were utter
7、ly desperate throughout the tropics as may be judged from the fact that 7943 species of plants and animals became totally extinct. The survival of man himself was only possible because of the caves and cellars he was able to dig. Nothing could be done to reducethe hot air temperature. More than seve
8、n hundred million persons are known to have lost their lives.Eventually the temperature of the surface waters of the sea rose, not so fast as the air temperature, it is true, but fast enough to produce a dangerous increase of humidity.It was indeed this increase that produced the disastrous conditio
9、ns just remarked. Millions of people between the latitudes of Cairo and the Cape of Good Hope were subjected to a choking atmosphere that grew damper and hotter from day to day. All human movements ceased. There was nothing to be done but to lie breathing quickly as a dog does in hot weather.By the
10、fourth week of July conditions in the tropics lay balanced between life and total death. Then quite suddenly rain clouds appeared over the whole globe. The temperature declined a little, due no doubt to the clouds reflecting more of the sun s radiation back into space, but conditions could not be sa
11、id to have improved. Warm rain fell everywhere, even as favorable as Iceland. The insect population increased enormously, since the burning hot atmosphere was as favorable to them as it was unfavorable to man and many other animals.In the British Isles the temperature.A.stayed at eightyB.ranged from
12、 eighty to ninetyC.approached one hundredD.exceeded the hundred markFew people in the United States lost their lives becauseA.the temperature was tolerable7、 people remained indoors for weeksC. the government had taken effective measures to reduce the hot temperatureD.people were provided with the m
13、ost comfortable air-conditionersMillions of people in Cairo and the Cape of Good Hope were subjected to a choking atmosphere because .A. the temperature grew extremely hotB. the temperature became damper and hotter as the humidity of the surface waters of the sea increasedC.their conditions were too
14、 dangerousD.nothing could be done with the hot temperatureBy the fourth week of July conditions in the tropics were such that .A. human survival would be impossibleB. more and more people would lose their livesC. fewer people could be savedD.survival or death was still undecidedThe insect population
15、 increased due to.A.the hot airB.the tropical climateC.the rain cloudsD.the damp atmosphere11 In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern
16、of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather tha
17、n by the battle of the sexes”.If the process goes too far and mans role is regarded as less important一and that has happened in some cases一we are as badly of as before, only in reverse.It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family.We are getting a little tired of moniisiir （母系崇拜），
18、but we dont want to exchange it for a neo-popism（新父系崇拜）。 What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, mad specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play
19、and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit or all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a womans place is the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze mens place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the he
20、althy, development of the child.The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal
21、of equal rights and equal responsibilities is connected not only with a healthy democracy, but also with a healthy family.From the passage we know that the author is very concerned with the role that .A. parents play in bringing up their childrenB. men play in a familyC. women play in a familyD. equ
22、ality plays in a familyThe author means to tell us that .A. a man s place is in the homeB. a womans place is in the homeC. a woman should be equal to a manD.a man should have an equal share in family mattersAccording to the author, a healthy family should be based onA. cooperationB.momismC. authorit
23、arianismD.neo-popismWho will benefit most from a family pattern of sharing in tasks and decisions?A.The children.B. The man.C. The woman.D.The psychnlogist.15、We may safely conclude from the passage that .A. male superiority maintains a healthy familyB.authority and democracy are very essential to a
24、 healthy familyC.authoritarianism does no good to a healthy familyD. women should be equal to men16 I dont think there is anything wrong with your blood. The key to your problem is that long nap after dinner.If you didnt sleep for hours during the early part of the evening, you would be more ready t
25、o sleep at bedtime. If you didnt nap after dinner, you would not want to stay up so late, and you would not feel the need to take a sleeping pill. The pill is still working in your system when you get up in the morning. This helps account for the fact that you feel tired all day.You should get out o
26、f the habit of sleeping during the evening. Right after your evening meal, engage in some sort of physical activity一a sport such as bowling, perhaps. Or get together with friends for an evening of cards and conversation. Then goto bed at your usual time or a little earlier, and you should be able to
27、 get a good nights rest without taking a pill.If you can get into the habit of spending your evenings this way, I am sure you will feel less tired during the day. At first it may be hard for you to go to sleep without taking a pill. If so, get up and watch television or do some jobs around your hous
28、e until you feel sleepy. If you fall asleep and then wake up a few hours later, get up but do net take a sleeping pill. Read a while or listen to the radio, and make yourself a few hours sleep that night, you will feel better in the morning than you usually feel after taking a pill. The next night y
29、ou will be ready to sleep at an earlier hour.The most important thing is to avoid taking that nap right after dinner and avoid taking pills.According to the writer, it is difficult for you to go to sleep if .A.you get the habit of staying up lateB.you havent taken sleeping pillsC.you sleep for hours
30、 after dinnerD.you fail to do some exercisesWhich of the following is NOT true if you want to get out ofthe habit of sleeping during the evening?A.Go to bed earlier than usual.B. Talk with friends after dinner.C.Stay with friends after dinner.D.Do some mental work.You feel tired all day probably bec
31、ause .A.you stay up too lateB.you get up too early in the morningC.you take sleeping pillsD. you wake up too frequently at nightWhich of the following is true according to the passage?A. You mustnt take sleeping pills in order to get a good nights sleep.B.You should stay up if you want to sleep effe
32、ctively.C. Food is necessary at night if you fail to go to sleep.D. It is very important to get out of the habit of taking a nap after dinner.We may infer that the author is most probably a.A.doctorB.scientistC.reporterD.professor20、 Part B (10 points)In the following text, some sentences have been
33、removed. For Questions 41 -45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、 B、C、D、E F、G) to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points)One morning, a few years ago, Harvard President Neil Rudenstine overslept. (41). Only aft
34、er a three-month sabbatical一during which he read essayist Lewis Thomas, listened to Ravel and walked with his wife on a Caribbean beach一was he able to return to his post. That week, his picture was on the cover of Newsweek magazine beside the banner headline “Exhausted!In the relentless busyness of
35、modern life, we have lost the rhythm between action and rest. I speak with people in business and education, doctors and day-care workers, shopkeepers and social workers, parents and teachers, nurses and lawyers, students and therapists, community activists and cooks. Remarkably, there is a universa
36、l refrain/7 I am so busy”. Theproblems caused by traditional methods. Clones of rare and elite animals, including sheep, goats, and rabbits, (14) a way to improve animal healthy, (15) the nutritional value of meat and milk, and breed animals immune (16) diseases or better suited for developing count
37、ries.The safety of cloned (17)has been under examination by various bodies. Three years ago the US National Academy of Science concluded that (18)available data indicated that cloning met animal welfare and food safety considerations, more information was needed. (19)scientific evidence suggests tha
38、t there is little (20) for alarm, at least on food-safety grounds.A. atB. withinC. onD. in2、(2)A. sinceB.althoughC. asD.therefore3、(3)more our life speeds up, the more we feel weary, overwhelmed and lost.(42) . Instead, the whole experience of being alive begins to melt into one enormous obligation.
39、 It becomes the standard greeting everywhere: I am so busy.We say this to one another with no small degree of pride. The busier we are, the more important we seem to ourselves and, we imagine, to others. To be unavailable to our friends and family, to be unable to find time for the sunset (or even n
40、ot to know that the sun has set at all), to whiz through our obligations without time for a single mindful breath一this has become the model of a successful life.Because we do not rest, we lose our way. We lose the nourishment that gives us succor. We miss the quiet that gives us wisdom. Poisoned by
41、the hypnotic belief that good things come only through tireless effort, we never truly rest.This is not the world we dreamed of when we were young. How did we get so terribly rushed in a world saturated with work and responsibility, yet somehow bereft of joy and delight?We have forgotten the Sabbath
42、.(43) . It is time to be nourished and refreshed as we let our work, our chores and our important projects lie fallow,trusting that there are larger forces at work taking care of the world when we are at rest.If certain plant species do not lie dormant during winter, the plant begins to die off. (44
43、).So Remember the Sabbath is more than simply a lifestyle, suggestion. It is a commandment, an ethical precept as serious as prohibitions against kilting, stealing and tying.Sabbath is more than the absence of work. Many of us, in our desperate drive to be successful and care for our many responsibi
44、lities, feel terrible guilt when we take time to rest. But the Sabbath has proven its wisdom over the ages. Many of us still recall when not long ago, shops and offices where closed on Sundays. Those quiet Sunday afternoons are embedded in our cultural memory.Much of modem life is specifically desig
45、ned to seduce our attention away from rest. When we are in the world with our eyes wide open, the seductions are insatiable. (45). For those of us with children, there are endless soccer practices, baseball games, homework, laundry, housecleaning, errands. Every responsibility, every stimulus compet
46、es for our attention. Buy me, Do me, Watch me. Try me. Drink me. It is as if we have inadvertently stumbled into some horrific wonderland.A. Rest is not just a psychological convenience; it is a biological necessity.B. After years of non-stop toil in an atmosphere that rewarded frantic overwork, Rud
47、enstine collapsed.C. Hundreds of channels of cable and satellite television; phones with multiple lines and call-waiting begging us to talk to more than one person at a time; mail, e-ma22、 (42)23、 (43)24、 (44)25、 (45)26、 Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the unde
48、rlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it.Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. (46)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope thatthe knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious