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1、考研外语专家预测过关卷12一、Use of English1 College sports in the United States are a huge deal. Almost all major American universities have football, baseball, basketball and hockey programs, andlmillions of dollars each year to sports. Most of them earn millions 2 as well, in television revenues, sponsorships.
2、 They also benefit 3 from the added publicity they get via their teams. Big-name universities 4 each other in the most popular sports. Football games at Michigan regularly 5 crowds of over 20, 000. Basketball s national collegiate championship game is a TV 6 on a par with any other sporting event in
3、 the United States, 7 perhaps the Super Bowl itself. At any given time during fall or winter one can 8 one s TV set and see the top athletic programs 一 from schools like Michigan, UCLA, Duke and Stanford 一 9 in front of packed houses and national TV audiences. The athletes themselves are 10and provi
4、ded with scholarships. College coaches identify 11 teenagers and then go into high schools to 12 the country s best players to attend their universities. There are strict rules about 13 coaches can4、The following places might be good choices for a business lunch except.A. nice, mid-priced restaurant
5、sB. fast food storesC. newly opened restaurantsD. a restaurant that the client prefers5、According to the passage, a successful businessman should know.A. how to offer to pay for a business lunchB. what kind of food is nice, yet inexpensiveC. how to make friends with clientsD. which restaurants offer
6、 nice food6、In the USA, 85% of the population over the age if 21 approve of the death penalty. In the many states whcih still have the death penalty, some use the electric chair, which can take up to 20 minutes to kill, while others use gas or lethal injection. The first of these was the case of Rut
7、h Ellis who was hanged for shooting her lover in what was generally regarded as a crime of passion. The second was hanged for murders which, it was later proved, had been committed by someone else.The pro-hanging lobby uses four main arguments to support its call for the reintroduction of capital pu
8、nishment. First there is the deterrence theory, which argues that potential murderers would think twice before committing the act if they knew that they might die if they were caught. The armed bank robber might, likewise, go back to being unarmed.The other two arguments are more suspect. The idea o
9、f retribution demands that criminals should get what they deserve: if a murderer intentionally set out to commit a crime, he should accept the consequences. Retribution, which is just another word for revenge, is supported by the religious doctrine of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.The ar
10、guments against the death penalty are largely humanitarian. But there are also statistical reasons for opposing it: the deterrence figures do not add up. In Britain, 1903 was the the record year for executions and yet in 1904 the number of murders actually rose. There was a similar occurrence in 194
11、6 and 1947. If the deterrence theory were correct, the rate should have fallen.The other reasons to oppose the death penalty are largely a mather of individual conscience and belief. One is that murder is murder and that the state has no more right to take a liferthan the individual. The other is th
12、at Christianity advises forgiveness, not revenge.All of the following death penalty methods are mentioned in the passage EXCEPT.A.the electric chairB.the lethal injectionC.the poisonous gasD.the shootingAccording to the first four paragraphs, which of the following statements is NOT correct?A. Ruth
13、Ellis was shot by his lover, which was regarded as a crime of passion.B. The death penalty may help the potential murderers to arouse moral awareness.C. The intentional murderer should eat his own bitter fruit.D.According to the religious doctrine, punishment should be as severe as the injury suffer
14、e.In paragraph 3, /zdeterrence/zmeans.A. proclamationB.portesC. preventionD. protectionWe can learn from the last paragraph that.A. neither the state nor the individual has the right to take a lifeB. the sate has the right to take a life but the individual does notC. the death penalty has nothing to
15、 do with individual conscience and beliefD. the deterrence figures have added up and the execution rate has fallenThe passage is mainly about.A. the argument in favor of the death penaltyB. the argument against the death penaltyC. the argument about the abolition of the death penaltyD. the argument
16、about the reintroduction of the death penalty11 There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods. Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental units (state and statistics come from the same Latin root, status)and a gen
17、tlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance. The influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring, describing, tabulating, ordering, and the taking of censuses一all of which led to modem des
18、criptive statistics. From the influence of the father came modem inferentical statistics, which is based squarely on theories of probability.Descriptive statistics involves tabulating, depicting, and describing collections of data. These data may be either quantitative, such as measures of height, i
19、ntelligence, or grade level一variables that are characterized by an underlying continuum or the data may represent qualitative variable, such as sex, college major, or personality type.Large masses of data must generally undergo a process of summarization or reduction before they are comprehensible.
20、Descriptive statistics is tool for describing or summarizing or reducing to comprehensible form, the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.Inferential statistics is a formalized body of methods for solving another class of problems that present great difficulties for the unaided human min
21、d. This general class ofproblems characteristically involves attempts to make predictions using a sample of observations. For example, a school superintendent wishes to determine the proportion of children in a large school system who come to school without breakfast, have been vaccinated for flu, o
22、r whatever. Having a little knowledge of statistics, the superintendent would know that it is unnecessary and inefficient to question each child; the proportion for the entire district could be estimated fairly accurately from a sample of as few as 100 children. Thus, the purpose of inferential stat
23、istics is to predict or estimate characteristics of a population from knowledge of the characteristics of only a sample of the population.Which of the following are counting and describing associated with?A. Descriptive statisticsB.Unknown variablesC.Qualitative changesD.Inferential statisticsWhy do
24、es the author mention the mother and father in the first paragraph?A. To present the background of statistics in a humorous andunderstandable wayB. To point out that parents can teach their children statisticsC. To explain that there are different kinds of variablesD.To introduce inferentical statis
25、ticsWhich of the following is true of descriptive statistics?A. It leads to increased variabilityB. It solves all numerical problemsC. It simplifies unwieldy masses of dataD. It changes qualitative variables to quantitative variables 14、What is the purpose of examining a sample of a population?A. To
26、 tabulate collections of dataB. To compare different groupsC. To consider all the quantitative variablesD. To predict characteristics of the entire population15、Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?A. How to Use Descriptive StatisticsB. Applications of Inferential Statisti
27、csC. The Development and Use of StatisticsD. The Drawbacks of Descriptive and Inferential Statistics16 For millions of years before the appearance of the electric light, shift work, allnight cable TV and the Internet, Earths creatures evolved on a planet with predictable and reassuring 24-hour rhyth
28、ms. Our biological clocks are set for this daily cycle. Simply put, our bodies want to sleep at night and be awake during the day. Most women and men need between eight and eight and a half hours of sleep a night to function properly throughout their lives. (Contrary to popular belief, humans dont n
29、eed less sleep as they age.)But on average, Americans sleep only about seven and a half hours per night, a marked drop from the nine hours they averaged in 1910. Whats worse, nearly one third of all Americans get less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night. For most people, thats not nearly
30、 enough.Finding ways to get more and better Sleep can be a challenge. Scientists have identified more than 80 different sleep disorders. Some sleeping disorders are genetic. But many problems are caused by staying up late and sleeping in, by traveling frequently between time zones or by working nigh
31、ts. Dr. James F. Jones at National Jewish Medical and Research Center in Denver says that sleep disorders are often diagnosedas other discomforts. About one third of the patients referred to him with possible chronic fatigue syndrome actually have treatable sleep disorders. Before we do anything els
32、e, we look at their sleep, “Jones says.Sleep experts say that most people would benefit from a good look at their sleep patterns. My motto is 5 Sleep defensively5, says Mary Carskadon of Brown University. She says people need to carve out sufficient time to sleep, even if it means giving up other th
33、ings. Sleep routines一like going to bed and getting up at the same time every day一are important. Pre-bedtime activities also make a difference. As with Elaner, who used to suffer from sleeplessness, a few lifestyle, changes一avoiding stimulants and late meals, exercising hours before bedtime, relaxing
34、 with a hot bath一yield better sleep.What is TRUE of human sleep?A. Most people need less sleep when they grow older.B. Most people need seven and a half hours of sleep every night.C. On average, people in the U. S. today sleep less per night than they used to.D. For most people, less than six hours
35、of sleep on a typical work night is enough.17、For our bodies to function properly, we should.A. sleep for at least eight hours per nightB. believe that we need less sleep as we ageC. adjust our activities to the new inventionsD. be able to predict the rhythms of our biological clocks 18、According to
36、 the author, many sleeping disorders are caused by.A. other diseasesB. pre-bedtime exercisesC. improper sleep patternsD. chronic fatigue syndromeWhich of the following measures can help you sleep better?A. Staying up late.B. Taking a hot bath.C. Having late meals.D. Traveling between time zones.“Sle
37、ep defensively77 means that.A. people should go to a doctor and have their problems diagnosedrecruit 一 no recruiting calls after 9 p. m. , only one official visit to a campus 一 but they are often bent and sometimes 14 . Top college football programs 15 scholarships to 20 or 30 players each year, and
38、 those student-athletes, when they arrive 16campus, receive free housing, tuition, meals, books, etc.In return, the players 17 the program in their sport. Football players at top colleges 18 two hours a day, four days a week from January to April. In summer, it s back to strength and agility trainin
39、g four days a week until mid-August, when camp 19 and preparation for the opening of theSeptember-to-December season begins 20 . During the season, practices last two or three hours a day from Tuesday to Friday. Saturday is game day. Mondays are an officially mandated day of rest.(1)A. attributeB. d
40、istributeC. devoteD. attach2、A. outB. people should exercise immediately before going to bed every nightC. people should sacrifice other things to get enough sleep if necessaryD. people should give up going to bed and getting up at the same time every day.21 Part B (10 points)The volcano in the corn
41、field grew until it was bigger than the cornfield! (41)People called the volcano the Little Monster because it grew so fast. Scientists came from all over the world to study it and watch it grow. It is not often that people get a chance to watch a volcano from the very beginning. Most of the volcano
42、es have been here for a very long time. Some have been here so long that now they are cold. They are called dead volcanoes. They have stopped throwing out fire and melted rock and smoke. It is safe to walk on them. Farms are plowed on the quiet slopes, and people have built houses there.Some volcano
43、es have stopped throwing out hot rock, but they still smoke a little now and then. They are sleeping volcanoes. Sometime they may wake up.(42).Today volcanoes are not so dangerous for people as they werea long time ago. Now we know more about why volcanoes do what they do, and we can usually tell wh
44、en they are going to do it. (43).People used to think dragons under the earth caused volcanoes. They said the smoke that puffed above the ground was the dragons breath. They said the earthquakes were caused by the dragons moving around down in the earth. Now we know that this is not true.Anotherthin
45、gweknowaboutvolcanoesisthattheydon，thappenjustanywhere.(44) . Scientists know where these places are, and maps have been made to let everybody know.There are different kinds of volcanoes. Some explode so violently that the rock goes high into the air and falls miles away. A volcano may shoot out ash
46、es so high that they float all the way around the world. They have made the sunsets green and the snow purple.(45) .One very tall volcano stays fiery red at the top all the time. It is lucky that the volcano is near the ocean. Sailors can use it for a lighthouse.A Other volcanoes are more gentle. Th
47、e hot lava rises in their cones and overflows, rolling slowly down the mountainside, where it becomes cool and hard.B Black smoke puffed out. Hot ashes fell like black snowflakes. Hot rock and fire and lava shot out._C Smoke puffed up, and rock started popping up out of a crack that opened in the gr
48、ound._D A volcano named Vesuvius slept for a thousand years. But it woke up and threw out so much hot melted rock that it buried the buildings of two cities._E Before a sleeping volcano wakes up, it usually makes a noise like faraway thunder, and the ground shakes in small earthquakes. People are warned and have time to get away safely. _F A volcano starts from a hole in the ground from which hot rock and smoke and steam come out. Far, far under the ground it is so hot that rock melts. This hot melted rock, or lava, is some-times pushed out