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1、B.D i s c o v e r i n g s t r u c t u r e s新人教必修三B.Part1B.非谓语不定式（todo)分词过去分词(-ed)现在分词(-ing)RevisionB.1.Hisfirstbook_(publish)lastmonthisbasedonatruestory.2._(see)fromthetopofthemountain，thecityisverybeautiful.3.Clairehadherluggage_(check)anhourbeforeherplaneleft.4.In their spare time，they are_(inter
2、est)inplantingvegetablesintheirgarden，whichisontherooftopoftheirhouse.(2017全国)publishedSeencheckedinterested后置定语状语宾补表语Revision过去分词作定语、表语、宾补、状语。B.1.Myhobbyis_(play)music.2.Thenewssounds_(encourage).3.Youcanhavearestina_(wait)room.4.Theman_(wear)aredhatismyuncle.5._(play)withfireisdangerous.6.Hepracti
3、ses_(speak)Englisheveryday.RevisionplayingPlayingencouragingwaitingwearingspeaking表语表语后置定语主语宾语前置定语V-ing形式可作主语、宾语、表语、定语.?1.Pleasedontbeinlovewithsomeoneelse.Pleasedonthavesomebody_onyou.2.WhenIwasyoung,Idlistentotheradio,_formyfavoritesongs.waitingListentothemusicclipsandthencompletethesentences.wait
4、ingobjectcomplement(宾补）advebial（状语）B.宾语object主语subject定语attribute 表语 predictive 宾语补足语objectcomplemment状语adverbial V-ingformRevisionthe present participle as the object complement（现在分词作宾补）Observethesesentences.Discusstheminpairsandtrytofindsomerules.1.ThenewPeoplesRepublicofChinasawDr.LinQiaozhiplayi
5、ngakeyrole.2.Sheheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.3.Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?4.Itscold.Weshouldhavethefireburningallthetime.5.Dontleavethewaterrunningwhileyoubrushyourteeth.6.Hurryup!Youshouldntkeepyourfriendswaittingforsuchalongtime.提示：1.现在分词作宾补，与宾语在逻辑上的关系是主动还是被动？2.现在分词常跟在哪类动词后作宾补？1.现在分
6、词作宾补和宾语存在逻辑上的_。2.常用现在分词作宾补的动词主要包括_ （如：feel，hear，see，observe，watch，notice)和_（如：make,have,leave,keep)。Conclusion主动关系主动关系感官动词感官动词使役动词使役动词the present participle as the object complement v-ing形式作宾补常放在宾语后，常表示宾语和宾补之间是主动关系或表示v-ing形式的动作正在进行（强调一个过程强调一个过程或或一种状一种状态态）Wecanseeaboysinging inthepicture.主语谓语 宾语宾语补足语
7、宾语补足语Wesawalightburning(发光)inthewindow.Ifeltsomebodypattingmeontheshoulder.Ashespoke,heobservedeverybodylookingathimcuriously.Everyday,helistenstothebirdssinging.Ididntnoticehimwaiting.1.感官动词感官动词，常见的有，常见的有一闻一闻smell；一感一感feel二听二听hear，listento；三发现三发现find，discover，catch五看五看see，watch，lookat,notice，observ
8、e能用能用V-ing形式作形式作宾语补足语宾语补足语的几类动词的几类动词我觉得我心跳的更快了。（我觉得我心跳的更快了。（beat）Ifeltmyheartbeatingfaster.听，外面的小鸟在唱歌。听，外面的小鸟在唱歌。Listentothebirdssingingoutside.2.使役动词使役动词，常见的有，常见的有，have,keep,leave,get,set等，等，表示，表示，“使使一直处于某种状态一直处于某种状态”。能用能用V-ing形式作形式作宾语补足语宾语补足语的几类动词的几类动词Iwonthaveyoudoingthat.Imsorrytohavekeptyouwait
9、ing.Hewalkedoffandleftmesittingtherealone.Icantgettheclockgoingagain.Wethinkthereportveryencouraging.Iconsideredthebookratherboring.Weallfoundthechildveryannoying.3.表示表示“观点，认知观点，认知”的动词的动词，如：，如：think,believe,consider,find,feel等。这类词可以接等。这类词可以接情绪类形容词情绪类形容词作宾作宾补。补。能用能用V-ing形式作形式作宾语补足语宾语补足语的几类动词的几类动词Icou
10、ldntdomyhomeworkwiththenoisegoingonoutside.Withsomanypeoplelookingather,shefeltnervous.4.with的复合结构中：的复合结构中：with+宾语宾语+宾语补足语（宾语补足语（v-ing),可可位于句首或句末，常作位于句首或句末，常作原因、伴随、方式、时间原因、伴随、方式、时间等状语。等状语。能用能用V-ing形式作形式作宾语补足语宾语补足语的几类动词的几类动词Practice单句语法填空单句语法填空1.WhenIwasonmywaytoschoolthismorning，Isawtwowomen（sell）la
11、nterns.2.Theoperatorlefthurriedlywiththemachine_（run）.3.Onthebankoftheriver，wefoundhim_（put）onatent，withadog_（lie）onthegrass.sellingrunningputtinglyingPractice单句语法填空单句语法填空4.Peter，acolleagueofmine，wasstandingonthebridgeandwatchingboats_（pass）by.5.Dontleaveher（wait）outsideintherain.6.Afteraknockatthed
12、oor，thechildheardhismothersvoice（call）him.7.Withthepianist（perform）musiconthestage，theatmosphereisquiteromantic.passingwaitingcallingperforming1.Theyfoundadogsleepingonthestreet.2.Theyheardhimsinginginnextroom.3.Wemustntkeepthemwaiting.注意事项：注意事项：当主句转换为当主句转换为被动结构被动结构时，原来作时，原来作宾语宾语补足语补足语的的-ing形式便形式便转换
13、为主语补足语转换为主语补足语。=Adogfoundsleepingonthestreet.他们发现一只狗在街上睡觉。他们发现一只狗在街上睡觉。=Hewasheardsinginginthenextroom.有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。=Theymustntbekeptwaiting.千万不能让他们等。千万不能让他们等。非谓语作宾补的区别非谓语作宾补的区别不定式do、现在分词doing、过去分词done作宾补的区别省to的不定式，强调动作从开始到结束的全过程doing强调主动主动和动作正在进行进行done强调被动被动或完成完成Isawhim_(get)offthebus.
14、Isawhim_(knock)downbyacar.Isawhim_(lie)ontheroadjustnow.getknockedlyinginging used as used as the adverbialthe adverbial（-ing-ing形式作状语）形式作状语）形式作状语）形式作状语）试比较下列句子试比较下列句子时间时间原因原因1.When I walked in the street,I saw a tailors shop.Walking in the street,I saw a tailors shop.2.Because he was poor,he couldn
15、t afford a TV set.Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.连词连词主主谓谓删除从句连词删除从句连词删除从句的主语删除从句的主语从句谓语动词改为从句谓语动词改为“-ing 形式形式1.转换前提条件：转换前提条件：从句从句与与主句主句的的主语一致主语一致;2.从句主谓为从句主谓为主动关系主动关系，用，用现在分词现在分词；若为被动关系，用过去分词。；若为被动关系，用过去分词。3.为了句子逻辑关系清晰，为了句子逻辑关系清晰，连词可以保留连词可以保留；试比较下列句子试比较下列句子3.His father died and left the famil
16、y even worse off.His father died,leaving the family even worse off.4.If you use your head,you will find a good way.Using your head,you will find a good way.结果结果条件条件状语从句状语从句转换成转换成分词状语分词状语的步骤：的步骤：1.检查从句与主句的主语是否一致（检查从句与主句的主语是否一致（一致才能转一致才能转）;2.分析分析从句主谓间的关系从句主谓间的关系，主动关系主动关系，从句谓语变成，从句谓语变成现在分词现在分词；若；若为被动关系
17、，从句谓语变成过去分词为被动关系，从句谓语变成过去分词3.去掉从句的连词与主语（去掉从句的连词与主语（连词可以保留）；连词可以保留）；试比较下列句子试比较下列句子5.Though he studied hard,he didnt pass the exam.Though studying hard,he didnt pass the exam.6.He earns a living by driving a truck.He earns a living driving a truck.让步让步方式方式试比较下列句子试比较下列句子7.He sat in the chair and read a
18、 newspaper.He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.伴随伴随总结：总结：-ing形式作状语，可以理解为从句主语从句主语和主句主语相主句主语相同同时，状语从句的简化状语从句的简化，从句的连词和主语省略，从从句的连词和主语省略，从句动词变成句动词变成v-ingv-ing形式形式，表示主动意义。现在分词作状语，用来修饰句子，v-ing形式可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随等，作用相当于状语从句或并列句。1.Beingill,hedidntgotoschool.2.Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.3.Jack,know
19、ingwhereIlive,nevercomestoseeme.V非谓语.,主语+谓语.主语+谓语.,V非谓语.主语，V非谓语.,谓语.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语句式特点句式特点：逗号前后两动作，共用一主语，无逗号前后两动作，共用一主语，无连词，必有一个非谓语（作状语）连词，必有一个非谓语（作状语）。-ing形式作状语，常与主句用逗号隔开；时间，原因，让步时间，原因，让步等状语时等状语时，一般在句首，一般在句首；结果，伴随，方式结果，伴随，方式等状语时，等状语时，一般在句末一般在句末。Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.（原因）（原因）Studying
20、 hard,he didnt pass the exam.（让步）（让步）He earns a living driving a truck.（伴随）（伴随）His father died,leaving the family even worse off.（结果）（结果）OnedayIwill stand onthetopoftheworld,makingtheworldshocked.Lacking of talent,I believe my hardworking anddeterminationwillmakemeasuccess.注意注意：V-ing作状语时，它的逻辑主语逻辑主语就
21、是整个句子整个句子的主语，并表示主动主动的关系。make和和逻辑主语逻辑主语I之间是之间是主动主动关系关系lack和和逻辑主语逻辑主语I之间是之间是主动主动关系关系1.V-ing作状语与句子主语的逻辑关系作状语与句子主语的逻辑关系2.动词动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。致。1.Lookingoutofthewindow,thegardenwasbeautiful.Lookingoutofthewindow,wefoundthegardenbeautiful.2.Whilereadingthebook,thetelephoner
22、ang.Whileshewasreadingthebook,thetelephonerang.3.为使动词为使动词-ing作状语所表达的时间、条件、让步、原因等更作状语所表达的时间、条件、让步、原因等更明确明确,可在动词可在动词-ing形式前加上适当的连词形式前加上适当的连词(when，while，if，unless，though，evenif，because，as等等)1.吃饭时不要说话。吃饭时不要说话。Donttalkwhilehavingdinner.2.一旦失去这次机会你就很难找回。一旦失去这次机会你就很难找回。Oncelosingthischance,youcanteasilyfin
23、dit.4.V-ing的形式（时态）的形式（时态）1.Lookingintothesky,heimaginedflyinglikeaneagle.2.Havingfinishedhiswork,hewentbikingwithhisfriend.lookimaginefinishgobikingV-ing的一般式一般式的动作表示和主句的动作是同时同时进行或者在主句的的动作之后发生（如：结果状语）；完成式完成式的动作是先于先于主句的动作发生。101._(wait)forhisgirlfriend,hewalkedaroundinamysteriousway.2._(wait)forhisgirl
24、friendforseveralhours,hefinishedafantastichandicraft(手工艺品）.WaitingHaving waitedhavingdone表示比句子的谓语动词先发生,句子主语与havingdone的关系是主动关系1._(turn)offtheTV,hebegantogooverhislessons.2._(finish)hishomework,hewentouttoplayfootballwithhisfriends.3._(buy)whatsheneeded,Mrs.Smithwentoutofthemarket.Having turnedHaving
25、 finishedHaving boughtBeingscolded（责骂）（责骂）byhismother,theboyhung（低垂）（低垂）hishead.5.V-ing的被动式（语态）的被动式（语态）如如V-ing的动作正在进行（与主句谓语同时的动作正在进行（与主句谓语同时发生），且与主句主语之间存在被动关系用发生），且与主句主语之间存在被动关系用beingdone。Havingbeencriticized（批评）（批评）bytheteacher,hegaveupsmoking.如如V-ing的动作先于主句谓语发生，且与主的动作先于主句谓语发生，且与主句主语之间存在被动关系用句主语之间存
26、在被动关系用havingbeendone。1.Not fearing the fire,the child touched and got a finger burnt.2.Not getting an answer,I decided to write him another letter.3._(know)what to do,Mike turned to his teacher for help.现在分词作状语的现在分词作状语的否定由否定由“not+现在分词现在分词”构成构成 6.现在分词的现在分词的否定形式否定形式Not knowing-ing 时态和语态时态和语态主主 动动被被 动动
27、一般式一般式 完成式完成式否定式否定式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonenot+doing/not+havingdoneLearning the structure1._（be）famousfortheworkonradioactivity(镭镭),MarieCuriewastwiceawinneroftheNobelPrize.2._（face）challenges,DrBethunewouldwhispertohimselfthetwosimplewordsBeyourself.3._（struggle）foryears,Rongguotuanfi
28、nallybecameaworldtabletennischampion.BeingFacingHavingstruggledExerciseFill in the blanks.4._（judge）fromhisaccent,Mr.Limustbefromthesouth.5._（know）howtodealwiththenewcoronavirus,ChairmanXiaskedforadvicefromZhongNanshan,_（make）morepatientstreated.JudgingNotknowingmaking7.V-ing的的独立成分独立成分作状语作状语(评注性状语评注
29、性状语)有些有些V-ing短语可以做独立成分，用来解释整个句子，表示说话人的态表示说话人的态度、观点等度、观点等,我们称这类状语为评注性状语，语法上叫我们称这类状语为评注性状语，语法上叫“悬垂分词悬垂分词”。评注性状语评注性状语，不受句子主语的限制，无需考虑其逻辑主语，以现在分词形式独立存在，与主句用逗号隔开。1.Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.2.Supposingyoulose,whatwillyoudo?3.Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthenorth.4.Talkingoftravel,h
30、aveyoueverbeentoBeijing?15Q:V-ing的部分做什么成分？的部分做什么成分？表达什么含义？表达什么含义？这类常见的分词短语有：generally speaking(大体来说)，frankly/honestly/strictly speaking 坦白/诚实/严格地说personally speaking 就我个人而言supposing(假设),judging from/by(从判断)talking of/about（谈到.),speaking of（谈到）seeing=considering=taking.into consideration/account(考虑到)
31、等。8.ving形式结果状语与to do形式结果状语的区别The fire lasted nearly two days,thusthusleaving nothing valuable.(ving结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，可在分词前加thus）I hurried to train station onlyonly t tofind the train has left.(todo作结果状语，表示令人意想不到的结果,to do前可加only/just）It has rained for ten days,_(cause)the river to rise.I went to see him
32、 last night just_(find)him out.8.V-ing的的独立主格独立主格结构作状语结构作状语分词作状语，其逻辑主语要与句子主语一致。否则，分词应有自己的逻辑主语，构成“独立主格结构”。简言之，独立主格结构是自带主语的分词短语。1.Theclockstrikingtwelve,Iwenttobed.(分词striking的逻辑主语是theclock,不是主句主语I)2.Shelayagainstthewall,thesunshininguponherface.(分词shining的逻辑主语是thesun,不是主句主语she)15Q:V-ing的部分做什么成分？的部分做什么
33、成分？表达什么含义？表达什么含义？1.Weather_(permit 允许），we will go swimming.2._(consider)your health,you had better have a rest.3.With all lights_(turn)on,the building looks more beautiful.permittingConsideringturned-ing做状语做状语做宾补做宾补表主动表进行感官类动词使役类动词种类with的复合结构时态语态：肯定否定：独立成分：summary表“观点，认知”的动词DescribepeoplesactionsCom
34、pletethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbs.1._thathiswifehadbeeninjuredinanaccident,MrJohnsonhurriedtothehospital.2.Duringtheoperation,shesatinthewaitingroomforoveranhour_abouthim.3.Isawherwhisperingsomethingintohisear,obviouslynot_tobeheard.4.Hesuddenlywokeupatmidnightwhenheheardsomeone_athisdo
35、or.feelwantfacesmilereturnworryhearknockHearingworryingwantingknockingAssoonasheheardthat.时间状语Shewasworrying/worried.伴随状语becauseshedidntwant.原因状语DescribepeoplesactionsCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbs.5._higherimportandexportcosts,thecompanyislookingforwaystosurvive.6._fromtheNorthPo
36、le,thetravellerwroteabookabouthisexperienceandhaditpublishedthefollowingyear.7.Thechildlayonhermotherslap,_sweetly.8._hurtbytherejection,shebitherlipandquietlywalkedaway.feelwantfacesmilereturnworryhearknockFacingReturningsmilingFeelingSinceitisfacing.原因状语Whenshereturnedfrom.时间状语Shewassmiling/smiled
37、.伴随状语Becauseshefelthurt.原因状语状语从句转换成分词作状语三步曲：1.检查从句与主句的主语是否一致（一致才能转）检查从句与主句的主语是否一致（一致才能转）;2.分析分析从句主谓间的关系，主动关系，从句谓语变成现在分词；从句主谓间的关系，主动关系，从句谓语变成现在分词；若为被动关系，从句谓语变成过去分词若为被动关系，从句谓语变成过去分词3.去掉从句的连词与主语（连词可以保留）；去掉从句的连词与主语（连词可以保留）；If you turn to the left,you will find the station.Turning to the left,you will fi
38、nd the station.When she was asked if she had any bad habit,she answered that she was a heavy smoker.Asked if she had any bad habit,she answered that she was a heavy smoker.As I didnt receive her letter,I called her up.分词的否定直接在前面加 NotNot receiving her letter,I called her up.Completethesentenceswithth
39、ecorrectformsoftheverbs.Henry Norman Bethunewas a Canadiandoctor with a very creativemind and adeterminationtohelppeople.Asasmallboy,hebecameveryinterestedinmedicineanddecidedtobecomeadoctor.Afterhegraduatedfrommedicalcollegein1916,BethuneworkedasadoctorinEngland,theUS,andCanada.Hereinventedorredesi
40、gnedover10medicalinstrumentstomakethemmoreuseful.In1938,BethuneleftforChina,afterheheard that many people were dying in the war.Despite the difficultsituation,DrBethunedidwhateverhecouldtoassisttheChinesepeople.Hehelpedtoorganisehospitals,taughtdoctorsandnurses,andshowedpeoplehowtogivefirstaid.Sadly
41、,Dr Bethune passed away in November the following year and was buried inShijiazhuang.After Dr Bethunes death,Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article inmemoryofhim,inwhichhepraisedDrBethuneasaherotoberememberedinChina.Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbs.1.Asasmallboy,hebecameveryinterested
42、inmedicineanddecidedtobecomeadoctor.2.In1938,BethuneleftforChina,afterheheardthatmanypeopleweredyinginthewar.As a small boy,he became very interested in medicine,deciding tobecomeadoctor.In1938,BethuneleftforChina,afterhearingthatmanypeopleweredyinginthewar.Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoft
43、heverbs.3.Hehelpedtoorganisehospitals,taughtdoctorsandnurses,andshowedpeoplehowtogivefirstaid.4.ChairmanMaoZedongwroteanarticleinmemoryofhim,inwhichhepraisedDrBethuneasaherotoberememberedinChina.Hehelpedtoorganisehospitals,teachingdoctorsandnurses,andshowingpeoplehowtogivefirstaid.Chairman Mao Zedon
44、g wrote an article in memory of him,praising DrBethuneasaherotoberememberedinChina.DescribepeoplesactionsRewritethefollowingsentencesusingtheing formorthepastparticipleastheadverbial.(P69/Ex2)1.BecauseIdidnotknowanyone,Isataloneinmyseatfortwohours.2.AlthoughJoewasupsetbythereporterswords,heresponded
45、tohisquestionspolitely.Notknowinganyone,Isataloneinmyseatfortwohours.Although upset by the reporters words,Joe responded to hisquestionspolitely.ExampleDescribepeoplesactionsRewritethefollowingsentencesusingtheing formorthepastparticipleastheadverbial.(P69/Ex2)1.Asshewasfrightenedbythenoise,Amyturne
46、donallthelightsinthehouse.2.Whiletheyweredrivingalongthefreeway,theynoticedakangaroostandinginthemiddleoftheroad.Frightenedbythenoise,Amyturnedonallthelightsinthehouse.Whiledrivingalongthefreeway,theynoticedakangoroostandinginthemiddleoftheroad.DescribepeoplesactionsRewritethefollowingsentencesusing
47、theing formorthepastparticipleastheadverbial.(P69/Ex2)3.Afterwewatchedthemoviefortenminutes,wefeltsoboredthatwedecidedtoleave.4.AsIcameoutofmyhouse,Isawthevolcanoerupting(爆发).5.Aftersheturnedfifteen,shebecameinterestedintravelling.Afterwatchingthemoviefortenminutes,wefeltsoboredthatwedecidedtoleave.
48、Comingoutofmyhouse,Isawthevolcanoerupting.Afterturningfifteen,shebecameinterestedintravelling.DescribepeoplesactionsRewritethefollowingsentencesusingtheing formorthepastparticipleastheadverbial.(P69/Ex2)6.Becauseshedidntwanttobelate,Sallyrantothesubwaystation.7.Timwasfeelingtired,sohewenttobedassoonashegothome.8.Afterhegatheredallhiscourage,heranbackintotheburninghousetorescuethechild.Notwantingtobelate,Sallyrantothesubwaystation.Feelingtired,Timwenttobedassoonashegothome.Gatheringallhiscourage,heranbackintotheburninghousetorescuethechild.