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1、UNIT UNIT 4 4 SPACE SPACE EXPLORATIONEXPLORATIONDiscoveringusefulstructures OnSeptember27,2008,ZhaiZhigang,aChineseastronaut,climbedoutofthespacecraft_(fix)aChineseflagontheoutsideofthespaceship.HeisthefirstChineseastronaut_(make)aspacewalk.tofixtomakeFill in the blanks with the correct forms of the
2、 words.What are the functions of them?to+动词原形动词原形Infinitive 动词不定式动词不定式adverbialattributive1.I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.2.As we all know,an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.3.First of all,you must be intelligent enough to get a relate
3、d college degree.4.Some scientists were determined to help humans realize their dream to explore space.5.On 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.Look at the following sentences and tell the functions of the infinitives.adverbialadverbialadverbialattributiv
4、eattributiveP42 1Find more examples from the unit.1.and scientists work hard to find answers2.They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe.3.For example,Americas NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977 to study deep space.4.These disast
5、ers made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died.5.China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003,(as adverbial)(as attributive)(as adverbial)(as attributive)(as attributive)More examples:(as adverbial)6.followed by
6、 the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.7.China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and Tianzhou 1 to dock with it.8.This signalled one step further in Chinas plan to establish a space station in the future.9.China has sent Change 4 to explore the surface of the
7、 far side of the moon to make measurements and observations.10.and China all have plans to further study and explore planets like Mars and Jupiter.(as adverbial)(as adverbial)(as attributive)(as adverbial)(as attributive)Discuss and tell the functions of to do.1.Peoplehavealwayswantedtolearnmoreabou
8、tspace.2.ChinawantedChange4toexplorethesurfaceofthefarsideofthemoon.宾语宾语宾语补足语宾语补足语句法功能句法功能考点考点宾语want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,decide,attempt,strive,help,agree,promise,intend,prefer,wouldlike,expect,afford,ask+todosth.宾语补足足语tell,ask,invite,force,get,beg,allow,wish,want,li
9、ke,prefer,inspire,encourage,expect,advise,permit,order,warn,cause+sb.+todoDiscuss and tell the functions of to do.1.Youmustbeintelligentenoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.2.Scientistsworkhardtofindanswer.3.Weweresurprisedtofindthathehadleft.4.YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.5.So
10、mescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumanrealizetheirdreamtoexplorespace.结果状语结果状语目的状语目的状语原因状语原因状语定语定语定语定语Focus on Focus on 基本用法基本用法infinitiveasattributiveinfinitiveasattributive不定式作定语不定式作定语2.不定式作定语时与被修饰词存在不定式作定语时与被修饰词存在逻辑上的关系逻辑上的关系。He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave.他总是第一个来最
11、后一个走。他总是第一个来最后一个走。The teacher left us a lot of problems to solve.老师给我们留了很多题要解答。老师给我们留了很多题要解答。I have a wish to go to college.我有一个上大学的愿望。我有一个上大学的愿望。主谓关系主谓关系动宾关系动宾关系同位关系同位关系1.不定式作定语，一般都是作不定式作定语，一般都是作后置定语后置定语，修，修饰前面的名词或代词。饰前面的名词或代词。1.当当被被thefirst,thelast,theonly等词以及形容词最高级等词以及形容词最高级修饰时修饰时常用不定式作后置定语。常用不定式
12、作后置定语。2.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定等复合不定代词代词常用不定式作后置定语。常用不定式作后置定语。Ivegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromShenzhen.3.不定式作定语不定式作定语也可用在也可用在havetodo和和therebe句型句型中。中。4.当不定式作定语，且与被修饰的词语有逻辑上的当不定式作定语，且与被修饰的词语有逻辑上的动宾关系动宾关系时，不定式动词应该是及物动词；若时，不定式动词应该是及物动词；若不定式动词为不
13、及物动不定式动词为不及物动词词，则该动词，则该动词必须与介词连用必须与介词连用，组成及物的动词短语。，组成及物的动词短语。Pleasepassmesomepapertowrite_.Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.Ihavenojewelrytowear.onFocus on Focus on 基本用法基本用法infinitiveasadverbialinfinitiveasadverbial不定式作状语不定式作状语不定式作状语可以表示不定式作状语可以表示目目的的、结果结果或或原因原因等。等。1.目的状语目的状语 He came here to attend an im
14、portant meeting.他来这儿参加一个重要的会议。他来这儿参加一个重要的会议。He laid down his life to save the child.他为了救这个孩子献出了生命。他为了救这个孩子献出了生命。He shouted and waved in order to be noticed.他喊了一声，挥了挥手，以引起注意。他喊了一声，挥了挥手，以引起注意。Ill write down his telephone number so as not to forget it.我会记下他的电话号码，以免忘记。我会记下他的电话号码，以免忘记。有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用有
15、时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用inorder(not)todo，和，和soas(not)todo结构（结构（soastodo不可以置于句首）。不可以置于句首）。2.结果状语结果状语 He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged.他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。He went home to find his old friend George waiting for him.他到家发现他的老朋友乔治在等他。他到家发现他的老朋友乔治在等他。What have I said to make yo
16、u so excited?我说了什么使你这么激动我说了什么使你这么激动?不定式作结果状语常与不定式作结果状语常与learn,find,see,hear,make等动词连用。等动词连用。She was so angry as to be unable to speak.她气得连话都说不出来。她气得连话都说不出来。The boy is old enough to take care of himself.这个男孩够大了，可以自己照顾自己。这个男孩够大了，可以自己照顾自己。He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.他匆匆忙忙赶
17、到火车站，结果却发现火车已经走了。他匆匆忙忙赶到火车站，结果却发现火车已经走了。Im too tired to stay up longer.我太累了，不能再熬夜了。我太累了，不能再熬夜了。不定式作结果状语常用于以下句型结构：不定式作结果状语常用于以下句型结构：so/suchastodoenoughtodoonlytodo(常表示意外的或事与愿违的结果常表示意外的或事与愿违的结果)tootodo3.原因状语原因状语 Im glad to see you.很高兴见到你。很高兴见到你。Sam was very surprised to hear the news.萨姆听到这个消息很吃惊。萨姆听到这
18、个消息很吃惊。I was a fool not to listen to you at that time.我真是个傻瓜，当时不听你的话。我真是个傻瓜，当时不听你的话。Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or“in order to/so as to+do”.Change the italicized parts accordingly.1 In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space.In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became
19、the first person to get married in space.2 In space,astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use.In space,astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle it for later use.3 Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day
20、they would fly into space.4 Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity,so they need to exercise every day,which will help them stay healthy.5 Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwi
21、se.6 During a spacewalk,astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control.P42 23 Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space.Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have
22、 the dream to fly into space one day.4 Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity,so they need to exercise every day,which will help them stay healthy.Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity,so they need to exercise e
23、very day to/in order to/so as to help them stay healthy.5 Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space to/in order to/so as to keep everything from
24、floating off.6 During a spacewalk,astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control.During a spacewalk,astronauts have to move slowly to/in order to/so as to keep their bodies under control.Check your answers.Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in b
25、rackets.Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal _(achieve).One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time.For example,_(use)the current technology,it would take over two years _(get)to the closest planet,Mars,and back.Although light is th
26、e fastest thing _(know)in the universe,it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system.Will scientists figure out a way _(store)sufficient food and water for the long journey?Is it possible to travel faster than light?No one knows the answers yet.However,space scientists never gi
27、ve up.They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as _(help)astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space.to achieveusingto getknownto storeto helpP42 3.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs.1._(catch)theearlyflight,weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.2.
28、JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse_(learn)moreaboutChineseculture.3.Susanopenedthedoorslowly,only_(find)therewasnooneinthemeetingroom.4.Youareluckyenough_(get)achancetogoabroadforfurtherstudy.5.Whowasthefirstpersonintheworld_(climb)tothetopoftheworldstallestmountain?Tocatchtolear
29、ntofindtogettoclimb6.Aftersomanydaysrest,themanwasnotready_(go)backtoworkyet.7.InthespeechBobexpressedhisdetermination_(achieve)hisgoals.8.Canyoutellmeaway_(prevent)milk,inhotweather,fromgoingbad?9.Thewaterinthiswellissafe_(drink).10.Iwasntsurprised_(learn)thattheydidntagreeontheplan.tolearntogotoac
30、hievetopreventtodrink1.她总是第一个到教室，最后一个离开的。她总是第一个到教室，最后一个离开的。Sheisalwaysthefirsttoarriveandthelasttoleavetheclassroom.2.孩子们，安静一下，我有件事情要宣布！孩子们，安静一下，我有件事情要宣布！Bequietplease,boysandgirls,Ihaveanannouncementtomake.TranslatethesentencesbelowintoEnglish.3.这只狗很勇敢，跳到水里救那个小女孩。这只狗很勇敢，跳到水里救那个小女孩。Thedogwasbraveeno
31、ughtojumpintothewatertosavethelittlegirl.4.有很多作业要做，我没时间出去玩了。有很多作业要做，我没时间出去玩了。Ihavenotimetoplayoutsidewithsomuchhomeworktodo.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。Lastweekend,Iwenttoabookstoretobuysomebooks.Inoticedaboythere,whowasoldenough1._(read)byhimself.Hewantedtobuyageographybook,buthedidnthaveenoughmoney.Hemadeadec
32、ision2._(try)someotherbookstores.IdecidedtofollowhimbecauseIwantedtoknowtheresult.Theboytriedfourdifferentbookstoressoas3._(find)acheaperbook,buthefailed.Inthesixthbookstore,theowneraskedhimwhyhewasanxious4._(get)ageographybook.Theboysaidhedreamedofbecomingageologistinthefuture.Theownerfeltglad5._(h
33、ear)whattheboysaid,sohegavehimoneforfree.toreadtotrytogettofindtohear一、不定式作定语一、不定式作定语 不定式与被修饰词存在逻辑上的关系：不定式与被修饰词存在逻辑上的关系：主谓、动宾、同位主谓、动宾、同位关系。关系。二、不定式作状语二、不定式作状语 目的目的状语；状语；结果结果状语；状语；原因原因状语。状语。1.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChange-4_(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.(2020新
34、课新课标全标全国国I)tofind2.Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology_(change)lives.(2020浙浙江江)tochange句法功能句法功能考点考点状状语目的：目的：todo=soastodo=inordertodo;结结果：果：tooto/enoughto/onlytodo原因原因：adj.(glad/sorry/happy/nice/disappointed/upset/content)+todo定定语置于置于被修被修饰的的词后面后面ability/ambition/attempt/d
35、ecision/effort/plan/intention/plan/promise/dream/wish/序数序数词+todo独立状独立状语 totellthetruth/tobehonest/tomakemattersworse1.Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersoastorecycleitforlateruse.soasto(dosth.)inorderto为了，以便为了，以便egIalwayskeepfruitinthefridgesoastokeepinsectsoffit.(翻译翻译)我总是把水果放在冰箱里，以防虫子。我总是把水果放在冰
36、箱里，以防虫子。recyclevt.toputusedobjectsormaterialsthroughaspecialprocesssothattheycanbeusedagain再再利用，回收利用利用，回收利用egWetakeallourbottlestoberecycled.(翻译翻译)我们把我们所有的瓶子都回收利用。我们把我们所有的瓶子都回收利用。2.Astronautsbonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravitylackn.whenthereisnotenoughofsomething,ornoneofit缺乏；短
37、缺缺乏；短缺vt.tonothavesomethingthatyouneed,ornothaveenoughofit没有没有;缺缺乏乏egHeronlyproblemislackofconfidence.Alexsrealproblemisthathelacksconfidence.(翻译翻译)她她唯一的问题是缺乏自信。唯一的问题是缺乏自信。Alex的的真正问题真正问题是他缺是他缺乏信心。乏信心。3.Astronautshavetousetapestostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffothe
38、rwise.otherwiseadv.usedwhensayingwhatbadthingwillhappenifsomethingisnotdone否否则，要不然则，要不然egPutyourcoaton,otherwiseyoullgetcold.(翻译翻译)穿上外套，不然你会感冒的。穿上外套，不然你会感冒的。4.Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystembeyondprep.furtherawayinthedistance(thansomething)在在更远处；超出更远处；超出egInthedistance,beyondth
39、eriver,wasasmalltown.(翻译翻译)在河对岸的远处有一座小镇。在河对岸的远处有一座小镇。5.thecurrenttechnologycurrentadj.happeningorexistingnow现现在的，当前的在的，当前的egThecurrentsituationisverydifferenttothatin1990.(翻译翻译)当前的形势与当前的形势与1990年截然不同。年截然不同。6.Willscientistsfigureoutawaytostoresufficientfoodandwaterforthelongjourney?figureout:tothinkab
40、outaproblemorsituationuntilyoufindtheanswerorunderstandwhathashappened弄弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白懂；弄清楚；弄明白egCanyoufigureouthowtodoit?(翻译翻译)你能想出怎么做吗？你能想出怎么做吗？sufficientadj.asmuchasisneededforaparticularpurpose足足够的；充足的够的；充足的egWeneedsufficienttimetodealwiththeproblem.(翻译翻译)我们需要足够的时间来处理这个问题。我们需要足够的时间来处理这个问题。Self-evalua
41、tionSelf-evaluation1.Canyouuseinfinitivesasattributiveandadverbialcorrectly?2.Canyouusethenewwordsandexpressionscorrecely?soasto,recycle,muscle,lack,float,otherwise,beyond,solar,solarsystem,current,figureout,sufficient1.FinishtheexercisesinLearningEnglish.2.PreviewListeningandTalkingonpage43.单击此处编辑母
42、版标题样式单击此处编辑母版标题样式39Words reviewsoastorecyclemusclelackfloatotherwise为了；以便为了；以便vt.回收利用；再利用回收利用；再利用n.肌肉；实力；影响力肌肉；实力；影响力n.缺乏；短缺缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏没有；缺乏vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮浮动；漂流；漂浮vt.使浮动；使漂流使浮动；使漂流adv.否则；要不然否则；要不然Read after the tape and speak out the Chinese immediately.Words reviewbeyondsolarsolarsystemcurrentfigureoutsufficientprep.在更远处；超出在更远处；超出adj.太阳的；太阳能的太阳的；太阳能的太阳系；类太阳系太阳系；类太阳系adj.当前的；现在的当前的；现在的 n.水流；电流；思潮水流；电流；思潮弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白adj.足够的；充足的足够的；充足的