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1、2023年硕士探讨生入学考试2023英语二真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity
2、 is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has I across the Web.Can privacy be presented 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nations cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary truste
3、d identity system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federati
4、on of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet drivers license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are amon
5、g companies that already have these* single sign-on “ systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.2 .the approach would create a walled garden“ n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights“ to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Sch
6、midt described it as a voluntary ecosystem in which individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs.Still, the administrations plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Som
7、e applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drives license mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosysiem“ envisioned
8、by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 9.They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1.A.sweptB.skippedC.walkedD.ridden2.A. forB.withinC. whileD.though3.A. care lessB. lawle
9、ssC.pointlcssD.hclplcss4.A. reasonB.reminderC promise.proposal5.A. informationB. interferenceC.cntcrtainmcnt.equivalent6.A.byB.intoC.fromD.over7.A. linkedB.directedC.chainedD pared8.A.dismissB.discoverC.createD.improve9.A.recallB.suggestC.selectD.realize10.A.releasedB.issuedC.distributed0.delivered1
10、1.A.carry onB.linger onC.set inD.log in12.A.In vainB.In effectC.In returnD.In contrast13.A.trustedB. modernizedc.thrivingD peting14.A.cautionB.dclightC.confidenceD.patience15.A.onB.afterC.beyondD.across46. Direction：In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese, write your tr
11、anslation on ANSWER SHEET 2.（I5poin（s）Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volumes of greenhouse gases as the worlds airlines do-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak betw
12、een 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts arc needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a g
13、reat deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much to be done, and not just by big
14、 companies.Section IV Wriling Part A47. Directions:Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted io a university. Write him/her a letter to1) congratulate him/her、and2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared fbr university life.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not
15、sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Zhang Wei, instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should 1) interpret the chart and2) give your comments.You should write at least 50 words.Write your essay
16、on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)口国产品牌 日系品牌美系品牌2008, 2009年国内轿车市场部分品牌市场份额示意图完形填空参考答案1-5 ACBDD 6-10BACCB 11-15 DBACA 16-20 ADACDTEXT 1 参考答案21. Ao细微环节题：原文第1段，倒数第3行的how could?干脆提到了 bonus payouts就是说profitso22. Co细微环节题：原文中出现outside directors有几处，helpful but less biased advisor,但是B选项用的是 executive,拼凑答案，D 选项也是一样
17、。最终一句 weathered their own crises MS forecasterso23. Co细微环节题：原文是若干个并列，stack is likely to perform worse对应答案，迷惑选项是B,但是主 语不一样 20%是 probability 不是 earnings。24. Ao 推理题：原文对应 firms who want to 说想留住 outside director 就是增加 incentiveo25. Bo看法题：文章各个段落都说outside director的方面。因此是positive。TEXT 2参考答案26. Do定义题:依据上下文猜句子
18、的含义，后句Americansave newspaper中出现了 save说明前面的观点肯定是不好的才save,因此选Do27. B.推理题：定位处前一句是readers are paying more for slimmer newspaper.因此说明人们多付钱，报纸 很薄，节约成本，定位处有even表示并列，说明前后的缘由一样都是成本问题。28. Co推理题：日本美国原文用了对比的方法说广告占得比例不一样，因此问题是广告收入来源。29. D0推理题：A选项中有essential,文章中是说distinctiveness重要而非必要，有问题，D选项是文章中cars and film rev
19、iewers have gone.说明由于报纸没有吸引力而失去读者。30. Ao主旨题：文章分析美国报纸出现的问题，说明要挽救。TEXT 3参考答案31. Co 细微环节题：原文 restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence 对应。32. Do推理题：定位是Bauhaus,对应选项与原文，只有D对。33. Co 细微环节题：原文 elegance did not derive from abundance。34. Do 细微环节题：原文 But 后有 the architectural equivalent of the abstr
20、act art。35. Bo 推理题：原文 Aesthetic effect came form the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing。TEXT 4参考答案36. Bo 推理题：第一段 But 后说 cheerleader 觉得 EU 有 debt, declinelower growth37. Do推理题：三段论德法对欧元区和谐上达成一样但如何和谐有分歧。38. Bo 细微环节题：原文对应 by stricter rules on.。39. Ao 推理题：a system of redistribution from ri
21、cher to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds.40. Do 看法题：文章最终总结认为 EU 是 worlds largest trading block.最终一句 it is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign 都是说 EU 正面的信息。Part B参考答案41. Eo 原文第 6 段第 2 行：manufacture
22、r of crisps. Play acentral role in the Change4life.42. Do原文第7段全部。43. Bo原文第6段第5行Jamie Oliver处。44. Bo 原文第 10 段：iniposefast-food-free zone。45. G o原文第11段全部。参考答案46. 从全球范围来看，有谁会想到IT行业释放的温室气体与全球航空公司产生的一样多呢？它大约占总二氧 化碳总排量的2%。很多日常工作对环境造成了令人震惊的破坏。依据每次你搜寻并得到正确答案的尝试次数，谷歌会排放。.2 至7克的二氧化碳。为了快速将结果传递给用户，谷歌在全球设置了大量充斥着
23、能量巨大的电脑的数据中心。 这些电脑在排放大量二氧化碳的同时，也产生大量的能量。因此，这些数据中心须要良好的空调降温，这又会 同时产生大量的能量。然而，谷歌和其他技术供应商严密检测他们的效果并不断进行改进。监控是减排的第一步，但这仍任重道 远，且不仅只由大公司来担当。47. 小作文参考答案【曲静老师版】Dear Li Ming,We are very happy to know that you have successfully passed the college entrance examination this year and have been admitted into Peki
24、ng University. Allow us to give our most sincere congratulations on this exciting occasion.You have all along been working hard at your professional studies, and you are excellent in most subjects. Your success shows that only hard work can yield good results, so I suggest that you should make a gre
25、at progress in university life.We take this opportunity to express our best wishes to you. Wish you greater achievements in your college education.Yours sincerely,Zhang Wei 【马鹏老师版】Dear Ming,Congratulations! I am glad to hear that you have been admitted by MIT. Your efforts and commitment have been p
26、aid off. You are the honor of our family.Here come some my own advices of being a pre college student. First and foremost, you need to improve your communication because you will meet different people with different personalities in campus. Moreover, reading some reference books will help you to acc
27、umulate more knowledge and terms, which boost your competitiveness in campus.Once again congratulate for your achievement!Yours sincerely, Zhang Wei 48.大作文参考答案As is shown in the bar chart above, dramatic changes have taken place in (he autos market shares within two years (from 2023 to 2023). The mo
28、st obvious change was the market share of national brand, which had increased nearly by 10%, while Japans autos market share decreased roughly by 10%. The percentage of the US autos remained stable between 2023 and 2023.There are numerous reasons accounting for the phenomenon and I would like to exp
29、lore a few of the most important ones here. Above all, as the development of technique and knowledge in native companies, a growing number of autos corporation developed many quality autos. Therefore, the national people changed the attitude to the native brands and acknowledge them. What more, an o
30、verwhelming majority of people have been affected by the country patriotism ideology, partly owing to some actions of Japan triggering the emotion of people. Finally, Toyota brake error accidents significantly affects Japanese autos reputations and images. Safety concerns drove customers away from J
31、apanese products. Additionally, Fuel price drove consumers away from those American petrol digging and luxury autos. So it is not difficult to obsene (heir steady performance.Based on what has been discussed above, we may reasonably conclude that the tendency described in graphic will continue for q
32、uite a long time. Hopefully, government could offer more friendly policies to China autos manufacturers to encourage quality improvement and technology innovation.16.A.divided17.A.frequestly18.A.skepticism19.A.manageable20.A.invitedB.disappointedC.protectedD.unitedB.incidentallyC.occasionally0.event
33、uallyB.rclcranccC.indiffcrcncc0.enthusiasmB.defendableC.vulnerable.invisibleB.appointedC.al lowedD. forcedSection II Reading Comprehension Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A. B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Tex
34、t 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachss board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of (he decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2023 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat
35、on Goldmans compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on
36、a firms board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executives proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.Th
37、e researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2023. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason fbr departing a board was age, so the res
38、earchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit
39、also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger fbr larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it docs not mean that such directors arc always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “tra
40、de up. Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any
41、wrongdoing occuned. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough limes may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1. Ms. Simmons was criticized for .Againing excessive
42、 profitsBjfailing to fulfill her dutyCrefusing to make compromises|D|lcaving the board in tough times22. Wc learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors arc supposed to be .Agenerous investorsBunhiased executives Cshare price forecasters Dindependent advisers23. According to the researchers from Oh
43、io University after an outside director surprise departure, the firm is likely to .Abecome more stableBreport increased earningsCdo less well in the stock marketDperform worse in lawsuits24. It can be infeiTed from the last paragraph that outside directors .Amay stay for the attractive offers from t
44、he firmBhave often had records of wrongdoings in the firmICare accustomed to stress-free work in the firm(Dwill decline incentives from the finn25. The authors attitude toward the role of outside directors is .lAJpermissiveBjpositiveCscornful|DcriticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspape
45、r? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. Americas Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save news
46、papers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize (hem ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign ofcrisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, wh
47、ich inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Soc
48、iety of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2023. Readers arc paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers arc becoming more balanced businesses, wi