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1、北京五中2022/2023学年度第一学期第一次阶段检测试卷高一英语第一部分：知识运用（共两节，25分）一、完形填空（共10小题，每小题L5分,共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂One day last June, Clifford Luther served a burger and fries to a man passing through his restaurant, Old WestExpress, in Saskatchewan, Canada. Two days later, the man returne
2、d and wrote him a 1 for $500,000. “I thought, they were good burgers and fries, 2 they werent that good,“ Luther told CTV News.The lucky man was Bob Erb of British Columbia, who won Canadas $25 million Max jackpot（累计赌注）in November 2020 and has been giving money to people 3. Hes donated his money to
3、food banks, the oldpeople, and some organizations, and he helped 20 people in Terrace, his hometown, to get necessary care they couldnt 4.While giving the burger that first afternoon, Luther told Erb that his 25-year-old daughter had just got cancer in Vancouver, about 1, 000 miles away. He and I ha
4、d a 5 experience. One of my children had cancer, too. But he died four years ago. So, I know the 6 a parent has, says Erb. I decide on the way home Id 7 him some money so he could go to see his daughter.Two days later when Erb was on his way back to British Columbia, he 8 the restaurant for another
5、burger, which Luther 9 to buy him because Erb had tipped him well just two days ago. Erb said “no way“ and asked the restaurant owner for a pen, then wrote the check and left it on the table. Luther looked at the check and couldnt say anything. He just held his arms out,” Erb says.Erb, 60, still wor
6、ks on a building site part-time and hasnt 10 twice about the $7 million hes givento his family, friends, and society. If you have enough to feed yourself, you help others out J he says.1.A. checkB. bookC. billD. card2. A. soB. andC. butD. because3. A. in the darkB. out of workC. in needD. on duty4.
7、A. affordB. forgetC. discoverD. refuse5. A. strangeB. similarC. successfulD. different6. A. dreamsB. worriesC. choicesD. warnings7. A. payB. lendC. mailD. leave8. A. closed downB. broke inC. stopped atD. worked at30. From the viewpoint of the author, happiness is.A. based on our needsB. out of reach
8、C. unconditionalD. limited【答案】27.D28. A 29. D 30. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了幸福到底是什么。【27题详解】细节理解题。由第二段中的 “Meanwhile, untold numbers have looked for it in the possession of expensive cars, exotic （异国的）vacation homes and other popular “toys”. Most of their efforts have a root in one common fact: people are
9、 looking for a lasting source of happiness .（与此同时，无数人在拥有昂贵的汽车、异国情调的度假屋 和其他受欢迎的“玩具”中寻找它。他们的大部分努力都植根于一个共同的事实：人们正在寻找幸福的持 久源泉）”可知，许多人当他们拥有自己昂贵的汽车时，他们就感到了幸福。故选D项。【28题详解】推理判断题。由第四段中的 “ In life, we all experience stimulus （激励）and response. Today, some people think that an expensive car is stimulus. Happine
10、ss is a response. A great paying job is stimulus. Happiness is a response. A loving relationship is stimulus. Happiness is a response.（在生活中，我们都会经历刺激和回应。今天，一些人 认为昂贵的汽车是刺激因素。幸福是一种回应。高薪工作是刺激。幸福是一种回应。爱情是刺激。幸福是 一种回应）”可知，人们认为昂贵的轿车、高薪工作和爱情都是一种刺激，得到了它们而后才有了幸福，可 得出人们得到了自己想要的东西，才会觉得幸福。故选A项。【29题详解】细节理解题。由最后段中的
11、 “ Happiness is not something that happens to us after we get something we wantwe usually get things we want AFTER we choose to be happy.（幸福不是在我们得到想要的东西之后发生在我们身 上的事情一一我们通常会在选择幸福之后得到想要的东西）”可知，作者认为D项“如果你想得到你想要的, 你首先要选择幸福”正确。故选D项。【30题详解】推理判断题。由第五段中的 “I believe that happiness is a stimulus and response
12、is what life brings to those who are truly happy.（我相信幸福是一种刺激，而生活给真正幸福的人带来的东西是回应）”和最后一段中的“Happiness is not something that happens to us after we get something we want-we usually get things we want AFTER we choose to be happy.（幸福不是在我们得到想要的东西之后发生在我们身上的事情一一我们通常会在选择幸福 之后得到想要的东西）”可知，作者认为幸福是一种刺激，之后带来的东西是回应
13、，只要我们首先选择幸福, 我们就能得到自己想要的东西，所以幸福是无条件的，只要你觉得自己幸福你就会拥有你所想要的东西。故选C项。DLike many other people who speak more than one language, I often have the sense that Vm a slightly different person in each of my languages-more confident in English, more relaxed in French, more emotional in Czech. Is it possible that
14、, along with these differences, my moral compass （指南针）also points in somewhat different directions depending on the language Im using at the time?Psychologists who study moral judgments have become very interested in this question. The findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are
15、faced with moral dilemmas （困境），they do indeed respond differently when considering them in a foreign language than when using their native tongue.In a 2014 paper led by Albert Costa, volunteers were presented with a moral dilemma known as the trolley problem”: imagine that a runaway trolley is movin
16、g quickly toward a group of five people standing on the tracks, unable to move. You are next to a switch that can move the trolley to a different set of tracks, therefore sparing the five people, but resulting in the death of one who is standing on the side tracks. Do you pull the switch?Most people
17、 agree that they would. But what if the only way to stop the trolley is by pushing a large stranger off a footbridge into its path? People tend to be very hesitant to say they would do this, even though in both situations, one person is sacrificed to save five. But Costa and his colleagues found tha
18、t presenting the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one.Wh
19、y does it matter whether we judge morality in our native language or a foreign one? According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and competing ways of thinking-one of these, a quick, natural feeling,7 and the other, careful deliberation about the greatest good for the greatest n
20、umber. When we use a foreign language, we unconsciously sink into the more careful way simply because the effort of operating in our non-native language signals our cognitive （认知的）system to prepare for difficult activity.An alternative explanation is that differences arise between native and foreign
21、 tongues because our childhood languages are filled with greater emotions than are those learned in more academic settings. As a result, moral judgments made in a foreign language are less filled with the emotional reactions that surface when we use a language learned in childhood.Theres strong evid
22、ence that memory connects a language with the experiences and interactions through which that language was learned. For example, people who are bilingual （双语的）are more likely to recall an experience if reminded in the language in which that event occurred. Our childhood languages, learned in the mid
23、dle of passionate emotion, become filled with deep feeling. By comparison, languages acquired late in life, especially if they are learned through limited interactions in the classroom or dully delivered over computer screens and headphones, enter our minds lacking the emotionality that is present f
24、or their native speakers.31. What does “this question in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. What contributes to ones language improvements?B. Is it necessary to learn more than one foreign language?C. Does the language one uses influence ones moral judgments?D. How do people deal with moral dilemmas in a forei
25、gn language?32. When the trolley problem” was presented in a foreign language, volunteers were more likely to.A. care less about the five peopleB. pull the switch to the side tracksC. remain hesitant about what to doD. sacrifice the stranger on the footbridge33. The underlined word in Paragraph 5 is
26、 closest in meaning to.A. considerationB. guidanceC. selectionD. arrangement34. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?A. Bilingual people are less emotional than others.B. Native language learning involves greater emotions.C. Childhood memories limit foreign language learning.D. Academic se
27、ttings promote foreign language learning.【答案】31.C32. D 33. A 34. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。最近的一些研究的结果表明，当人们面对道德困境时，他们用外语 思考和用母语思考时的反应确实不同。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段 The findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas （困境），they do indeed respond differently when consid
28、ering them in a foreign language than when using their native tongue.可知，最近的一些研究的结果表明，当人们面对道德困境时，他们用外语思考的反应和他 们的母语思考的反应确实是不同的。所以此问题指的是一个人使用的语言会影响他的道德判断吗？故选C。 【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段 But Costa and his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tong
29、ue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one.可知，志愿者们用已经学会的外语来表达这种两难境地时，极大地增加了他们将 牺牲者推下人行桥的意愿。分别与D选择项中的sacr而ce和footbridge分别对应。故选D。【3
30、3题详解】词义猜测题。 根据文章第五段 According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and competing ways of thinking-one of these, a quick, natural feeling,”这样的判断涉及两种独立的、相互竞争的思维方式 种是快速、自然的“感觉”，所以猜测出，另外一种是对大多数人最大利益的深思熟虑。故选A。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段 An alternative explanation is that differences arise b
31、etween native and foreign tongues because our childhood languages are filled with greater emotions than are those learned in more academic settings.母语和外语之间的差异是因为我们的童年语言比在学术环境中学习的语言更充满感情，和最后一段By comparison, languages acquired late in life, especially if they are learned through limited interactions i
32、n the classroom or dully delivered over computer screens and headphones, enter our minds lacking the emotionality that is present for their native speakers.后天习得的语言，缺乏母语者所具有的情感。所以说，母语学习包含更多的 情感。故选B。【点睛】阅读理解通常都会出现词义猜测题，要求考生从上下文理解中概括出生词或短语的词义。考生作 此类题型时，首先要找到所猜测词所在文章的位置，然后在理解文章大意的基础之上，对此词前后句反复 研读，最后根据前后
33、句猜测出词义。例如小题3要求猜测出deliberation的含义，就是文章第五段Accordingto one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and competing ways of thinking-one of these, a quick, natural “feeling这样的判断涉及两种独立的、相互竞争的思维方式一一一种是快速、自然的“感觉”，所以猜测出，另外一种是对大多数人最大利益的深思熟虑，从而推测出deliberation为“深思熟虑”之意。第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个
34、选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Todays students are surrounded by information. The ability to figure out exactly why authors write-and not accept every opinion as factis a key skill. 35 The following strategies leach them how to figure out why authors really write.Start with why. “Why did the author wr
35、ite this piece?” is the key question asked to identify authors purpose.To help students expand their understanding of why, post various types of nonfiction (an advertisement, opinionarticle, news article, etc.） around your classroom and have students quickly identify a purpose for each. 36Talk about
36、 structure. Authors use different structures for different purposes. For example, one author may use time order to explain an event, while another author uses compare and contrast to put that event into context.37 Often when authors write, theyre trying to get readers to feel a certain way. Perhaps
37、the author of an article about whale conservation wants readers to feel sad about the difficult situation of whales. Or the author of a letter may want to make the recipient feel better about a situation. After students read a text, stop and ask: How do you feel? And how did the author get you to fe
38、el this way?Connect it to students9 own writing. It doesnt have to be said that writing and reading go hand in hand.38 When students are asked to write about a topic that they think everyone should know about, to explain a procedure or to share a personal memory, theyll become more conscious of how
39、authors approach writing.Observe how purpose changes within a text. Authors purpose is often studied through the text as a whole, but authors have different reasons for writing within texts as well. 39 Then, they may launch into a list of facts that make the reader feel discouraged about the situati
40、on. And finally, they may conclude with an appeal. Take a short article and break it apart, identifying the different purposes so that students see how authors purpose changes as they read.A. Get to the heart.B. Identify the topic.C. The readers may get more advanced in their work with informational
41、 text.D. For example, an author may include a funny anecdote （轶事）to draw the reader in.E. In particular, theyll need to figure out authors purpose and draw their own conclusions.F. Expand students* awareness of why people write by having them write for different purposes.G Or keep a running Authors
42、Purpose board with a list of the various reasons that authors write.【答案】35.E36. G 37. A 38. F 39. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章作者介绍了如何找出作者真正写作原因的策略。【35题详解】考查承上启下句。根据前句 The ability to figure out exactly why authors writeand not accept every opinion as fact-is a key skill.明确作者写作目的，并且不把每个观点当成事实，是一项关键能力，和后句The f
43、ollowing strategies teach them how to figure out why authors really write.下面的策略教他们如何找出作者真正写作的原 因，可知，学生需要弄清楚作者的意图并得出自己的结论。故选E。【36题详解】根据文章首句 Start with why. Why did the author write this piece?” is the key question asked to identify authors purpose.弄清作者写作目的，和空前一句提及到的具体的操作方法，可知，这里与前句是并列关系，其内容 也是具体的办法。故
44、选G。【37题详解】考查本段主题句。根据后句 Often when authors write, theyre trying to get readers to feel a certain way.当作者 写作时，他们常常试图让读者有某种特定的感觉，后文反复提到feel这个词，让学生挖掘自身的感受，并 思考作者是如何让人产生这种感受。对应这A选择项中的heart。故选A。【38题详解】根据前句 It doesnt have to be said that writing and reading go hand in hand.写作和阅读是相辅相成的，和后句 When students are
45、 asked to write about a topic that they think everyone should know about, to explain a procedure or to share a personal memory, theyll become more conscious of how authors approach writing,当学生被要求写一个 他们认为每个人都应该知道的话题，解释一个过程或分享个人记忆时，他们会更清楚作者是如何写作的， 可知，这里都提及到读与写之间的关系，提出要以写作促进阅读。所以，这里为：通过让学生为不同的目 的写作来提高他
46、们对写作原因的认识。故选F。【39题详解】考查承上启下句。根据前句 Authors purpose is often studied through the text as a whole, but authors have different reasons for writing within texts as well.作者的写作目的通常是通过文本整体来研究的，但作者在文本内部写 作的原因也不尽相同，和后句 Then, they may launch into a list of facts that make the reader feel discouraged about the
47、situation.然后，他们可能会列出一系列事实，让读者对这种情况感到气馁。所以这里为：例如,作者可 能包括一个有趣的轶事来吸引读者。故选D。第三部分：书面表达（共三节，27分）第一节用方框内所给单词或词组的正确形式填空（共12小题;每小题1分，共12分）选词填空look forward to, exchange, organization, challenge, frighten, lecture,confidence, impress, addict, concentrated on, confuse, has advanced40. Our knowledge of the disea
48、se greatly since 2001.41. Going into hospital can be very for a child.42. Finding a cure for cancer is one of the biggest facing medical researchers.43. The crazy bus schedule has got me completely.44. Some teenagers are to playing video games.45. He reading the book and couldnt hear the noise.46. It gives a very bad if youre late for an interview.47. Our school president delivered a(an)on the history of our school on the first day of the new term.1.1 1 am your coming. I have prepared everything for you.49. WWF is an international that wo