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1、长安一中2022-2023学年度第一次教学质量检测高一英语试题时间：120分钟，满分：150分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题;每小题L5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.答案是C。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Which subject did the woman do best in?A. Math.B. Ch
2、inese.C. English.【答案】B【解析】【详解】W: Hi, Tom, how about your final exam?M: Oh, to my delight, I got a full mark in math. My hard work in it paid off finally. But I failed in English. What about you?W: I did the best in Chinese, but failed in math. I should have worked harder at this subject.2 .【此处可播放相关音
3、频，请去附件查看】What is the man dissatisfied with about the performance?A. Its costumes.B. Its set.C. The actors.【答案】C【解析】原文】 W: So, are you enjoying the performance so far?M: Well, the costumes and the set are marvelous, but the acting is a bit stiff.3 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does Joe plan to do this week
4、end?A. Paint the room.B. Relax at home.C. Go on a trip.【答案】Aworld are important for psychological well-being/（因为我大部分时间都在家里工作，我认识到，到外面的世 界散散步对心理健康很重要。）可知，作者每天早上都会出去散步，主要是因为与外界的接触在心理上让她 受益。故选D项。【26题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段 “We all have such moments put before us. Little surprises. Whether were wise enough to se
5、e them is another thing.（我们都有这样的时刻。小惊喜。我们是否聪明到能看到它们是另一回事。）引出 话题，提到惊喜。以及第五段中 . .to see the simple unexpected wonders of space, like a sunset.（看到太空中 意想不到的简单奇观，就像日落一样。）故可猜测，blissful为“幸福的”意思，结合选项A项enjoyable 令 人愉快的”意思一致，即：在航天飞机上能看到简单的、意想不到的太空奇观，真是太幸福了，故选A项。【27题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段 “I once had a friend
6、 who had a strange habit that never stopped to amuse me, maybe because I never quite knew when she was going to spring it on me. It could come in the middle of a particularly lively dinner with old friends. Suddenly, shed say, Stop! I want to remember this moment. I realize now, after her death, wha
7、t wise advice that is.（我曾经有一个朋友，她有一个奇怪的习惯，总是不停地逗我开 心，也许是因为我不知道她什么时候会突然对我说这个。它可能出现在与老朋友特别热闹的晚餐中间。突 然，她会说：“停！我要记住这一刻。”她死后，我才意识到这是多么明智的建议。）可知，这篇文章的主要 目的是告诉人们要抓住生命中有价值的时刻。故选C项。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Andbecausel work mostly from home”（因为我大部分时间都在家里工作）以 及 “So before I begin attempting to put sentences togethe
8、r, I walk over to a little coffee shop in my neighborhood, and chat with the folks behind the counter.（因此，在我开始尝试把句子组合起来之前，我会走到我家附近的一家 小咖啡店，和柜台后面的人聊天。）可知，分别提到了大部分时间在家里工作以及尝试把句子组合起来，故 可推断，文章中的“我”可能是一个作家。故选B项。CI like my close friends a lot. And yet, on an almost daily basis, they shock me. I have a fri
9、end who thinks voting is a waste of time; I have another friend who never takes any arrangement to meet at a given time and place seriously.Its generally held that friends are people with whom we choose to develop relationships because we find their personalities agreeable, or similar to our own, an
10、d yet experience regularly contradicts this. What is a friend, really? All that one can safely say is that a friend is someone one likes and wishes to see again.The truth is that we dont know our friends. Numerous studies show that we tend to assume our friends agree with us more than they really do
11、. The striking part is that the problem doesnt appear to lessen as a friendship deepens when the researchers Michael Gill and Bill Swann questioned students sharing rooms, they found that, as time passed, people became even more confident in the accuracy of their judgments about the other, and yet,
12、in reality, the judgments grew no more accurate. Two people might become dear friends, yet remain ignorant about vast areas of each others inner lives.This seems strange, until you consider, that many of the benefits that friendship provides dont necessarily depend on perfect familiarity; they come
13、from something closer to reliability. Friendship may be less about being drawn to someones personality than about finding someone willing to keep you company, or lend an ear. A friend provides the social-identity support we desire. You neednt be a close match with someone, nor deeply familiar with t
14、heir mind. And once a friendship has begun, you want to like it, if only to confirm that you made the right decision. We dont want to know everything about our friends. We dont base friendships on what we learn about people; we decide what to learn about people, and what to ignore, based on having d
15、ecided to be friends.Perhaps theres something moving about viewing friendship as an agreement to keep each other company, ignore each other9s faults and not probe （刨根问底）too deeply in ways that might weaken the friendship. Perhaps a true friend is someone who doesnt ask many awkward questions.29. Why
16、 does the author tell the stories of his two friends in the first paragraph?A. To provide background information.B. To introduce the topic of the passage.C. To stress the importance of friendship.D. To show the difference between friends.30. It can be concluded from the passage that.A. close friends
17、 usually know each other in depthB. real friends are people you like but dont wish to see oftenC. we do not necessarily share personalities with close friendsD. the longer we stay with friends, the more accurately we judge them31. Which statement about friends will the author probably accept?A. Stay
18、 friends but keep a distance.B. It takes a long time to grow an old friend.C. Real friends will tell you when your face is dirty.D. True friends know all about you and still like you.【答案】29.B30. C 31. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述真正的友谊和朋友是什么样的。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“I have a friend who thinks voting is a wast
19、e of time; I have another friend who never takes any arrangement to meet at a given time and place seriously.（我有一个朋友认为投票是浪费时间；我还有一 个朋友，他从不把任何约定在特定时间和地点见面的安排当回事）”和第二段的“Its generally held that friends are people with whom we choose to develop relationships because we find their personalities agreeable
20、, or similar to our own, and yet experience regularly contradicts this. What is a friend, really?（人们普遍认为，朋友是我们选 择与之发展关系的人，因为我们发现他们的性格与自己一致，或与自己相似，但经验经常与此相悖。朋友 到底是什么？）”推知，第一段的目的是引出话题，故选B。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的 “Its generally held that friends are people with whom we choose to develop relationships becau
21、se we find their personalities agreeable, or similar to our own, and yet experience regularly contradicts this.（人们普遍认为，朋友是我们选择与之发展关系的人，因为我们发现他们的性格与自己一致， 或与自己相似，但经验经常与此相悖）”可知，我们和亲密的朋友不一定有相同的性格，故选C。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“ Perhaps there9s something moving about viewing friendship as an agreement to keep
22、each other company, ignore each others faults and not probe （刨根问底）too deeply in ways that might weaken the friendship. Perhaps a true friend is someone who doesnt ask many awkward questions.（也许把友谊看 作是一种约定，彼此陪伴，忽视彼此的缺点，不要进行可能会削弱友谊的过于深入的探究，这是很感人的。 也许真正的朋友是不会问很多尴尬问题的人）”可知，作者会接受的说法是做朋友，但要保持距离。故选A。DA lot
23、 of us think that we should visit the dentist every six months. Whether those check-ups are really necessary is, however, a matter of debate. In 2000, three-quarters of dentists surveyed in New York were recommending six-monthly check-ups, despite the absence of evidence. Today, many organizations s
24、till recommend six-monthly check-ups. But for several decades some have been arguing that the choice of six months as the ideal space between visits is rather questionable. For example, Aubrey Sheiham, a professor of dental public health, published a paper complaining about the lack of evidence for
25、six-monthly check-ups. Almost 40 years, hes still making the same point.Last year the Cochrane Collaboration performed a review of the research that had been done and they were disappointed with what they found. The quality and quantity of the research was simply too poor to back up the idea of six-
26、monthly check-ups.Theres something else we have to bear in mind. Even when a study finds, for example, that children who go to the dentist frequently have fewer fillings, there may be other factors at work. Those same children may have other advantages; they may eat more healthy and have better qual
27、ity dental equipment.How often should you visit the dentist, then? Bodies like Nice, which provides guidance for the National Health Service in England and Wales, say that the frequency of dental visits all depends on the individual. They recommend that children go at least once a year because their
28、 teeth can decay （蛀蚀）faster, while adults without problems can wait as long as two years. They even go as far as to say that longer than two years is OK for people who have shown commitment to caring for their teeth.Where does this leave the rest of us the next time we receive a card in the mail rem
29、inding us our next dental visit is due? Wed all like an excuse to go less often, and the good news is that if you dont have any problems you can probably wait a little longer than six months between visits. But exactly how long you can wait before your appointment with the dentisfs chair will depend
30、 on the assessment you and your dentist make of your own risk. 32 Who supports six-monthly dental check-ups?A. All the dentists.B.Many organizations.C. Aubrey Sheiham.D.The national Health Service33. The research may not prove the idea of six-monthly check-ups because.A. the researchers were notqual
31、ifiedB.the number of the subjects was bigC. there might be other factors atworkD.there was a lack of quality dental equipment34. We can learn from the last two paragraphs that.A. people often find excuses to avoid the next dental visitB. the frequency of dental visits varies for different peopleC. p
32、eople should decide when to go to the dentist by themselvesD. the healthier a person is, the less frequent the dental visits are 35. What is the best title for this passage?A. How can we go to the dentist less?B. Why do we need to visit our dentist?C. Who should go to the dentist frequently?D. How o
33、ften do we need to visit our dentist?【答案】32. B 33. C 34. B 35. D【解析】【导语本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是间隔多久做一次牙科检查是最科学的。【32题详解】细节理解题。通过文章第一段 “Today, many organizations still recommend six-monthly check-ups.（今天，许多 机构仍然建议每半年做一次（牙齿）检查）”可知，许多机构支持六个月一次的牙齿检查。故选B。【33题详解】 细节理解题。通过文章第三段 “there may be other factors at work.
34、Those same children may have otheradvantages; they may eat more healthy and have better quality dental equipment.（可能还有其他因素在起作用。这些孩子可能还有其他优势；他们可能吃得更健康，使用质量更好的牙科设备）”可知，这项研究可能无法证 明6个月检查一次的想法，因为可能还有其他因素在起作用。故选C。【34题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“the frequency of dental visits all depends on the individual（看牙医的频率完
35、全取决于个人）”以及最后一段 “how long you can wait before your appointment with the dentisfs chair will depend on the assessment you and your dentist make of your own risk（你能等多久才去看牙医取决于你和你的牙医对你自身风险的评估）”可推知，不同的人看牙医的频率不同。故选B。【35题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，再根据文章首段 “ A lot of us think that we should visit the dentist every six
36、months.（我们很多人认为我们应该每六个月看一次牙医）”以及第四段“How often should you visit the dentist, then?（那么, 你应该多久看一次牙医呢？）”可推知，本文主要介绍了我们应该间隔多久去看牙医是科学的。D项“How oftendo we need to visit our dentist?（我们需要多久看一次牙医？）”符合文意，是本文最好的标题，故选D。 第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。We all know about the health
37、 benefits of swimming, including building endurance, muscle strength and cardiovascular 。心血管 ）fitness. 36 Many people feel that swimming is very exciting and relaxing.Cold-water swimming sometimes called wild swimming involves swimming in natural areas including ponds, rivers and the sea. Jumping in
38、 cold water gives a short sharp shock to the body. 37 A cold dip might wake you up, but research has found it can have much bigger benefits than those for your body and mind. As well as being good exercise cold-water swimming improves well-being.38 One man who suffered constant pain after surgery cl
39、aimed he was cured by taking a swim in cold open water. And another swimmer, Sandria Simons, told the BBC “the immersion of your body in cold, salt water, just feeling like youre at one with nature if you like, just feels amazing”.What is it that people are gaining from this cold experience? Doctors
40、 say getting into cold water makes a stress response, but the more you do it, your reaction to stress is reduced. 39 In addition, cold-water swimming can exercise swimmers willpower. But there are bigger benefits of this exercise. Some experts believe cold-water swimming helps “cross-adaptation，wher
41、e one form of stress prepares the body for another. 40So, if youre convinced that this is for you, take advice： approach it with caution, swim with a friend, and maybe start in the summer, when the water temperatures are higher.A. Cold-water swimming can substitute medicine.B. However, many particip
42、ants say they get used to it.C. If you dont mind getting wet, it can be fun too.D Its also thought to strengthen our digestive function.E. We all know exercise can extend peoples life span.F. For example, it helps reduce the stress of exercising at high altitudes.G. Cold-water swimming can function
43、as a dose of medicine.【答案】36. C 37. B 38. G 39. D 40. F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了冷水游泳的诸多好处，比如强身健体、提升幸福感、缓解压力、 锻炼意志力等。【36题详解】根据上文 “We all know about the health benefits of swimming, including building endurance, muscle strength and cardiovascular （心血管的）fitness.（我们都知道游泳对健康的好处，包括锻炼耐力、肌肉力量和心血管健 康。）和下文 “Man
44、y people feel that swimming is very exciting and relaxing.（很多人觉得游泳很刺激，很放 松。）可知，设空处应是承上启下的句子，继续补充说明游泳带来的好处，尤其是精神层面的。结合选项可 知，C项“如果你不介意身上变湿，那也会很有趣J切题。故选C项。【37题详解】根据上文“Jumping in cold water gives a short sharp shock to the body. （跳入冷水中会对身体造成短的剧烈冲 击。）和下文 “ A cold dip might wake you up, but research has f
45、ound it can have much bigger benefits than those for your body and mind”（跳入冷水可能会让你清醒，但研究发现，冷水游泳对你的身心有更大的好处。）由此 可推知，设空处与上文构成转折，表明冷水游泳虽冷，但许多参与者都已经习惯了冷水游泳，承接下文讲 冷水游泳的好处，结合选项可知，B项“然而，许多参与者说他们已经习惯了切题。故选B项。【38题详解】设空处位于本段段首，应为本段的主题句。根据下文One man who suffered constant pain after surgery claimed he was cured
46、by taking a swim in cold open water. And another swimmer, Sandria Simons, told the BBC the immersion of your body in cold, salt water, just feeling like youre at one with nature if you like, just feels amazing.”（一名在手术后饱受疼痛折磨的男子声称，他在冰冷的公开水域游泳后就痊愈了。另一名游泳运动员桑德 里亚西蒙斯告诉BBC, “你的身体沉浸在冰冷的咸水中，感觉就像你与大自然融为一体，这
47、感觉太棒了。） 可知，本段主要说明冷水游泳可以治愈某些人的健康问题。故G项“冷水游泳是一剂良药J能够概括本段 的主要内容，切题。古选G项。【39题详解】根据设空处上文中的 Doctors say getting into cold water makes a stress response, but the more you do it, your reaction to stress is reduced.”（医生说进入冷水会产生压力反应，但是你做得越多， 你对压力的反应就会减少。）以及下文中的“In addition, cold-water swimming can exercise sw
48、immers, willpower. （此外，冷水游泳可以锻炼游泳者的意志力。）可知，设空处应是继续介绍冷水游泳的其他好处, D项“它也被认为能够增强我们的消化功能J切题。故选D项。【40题详解】根据上文 “ Some experts believe cold-water swimming helps cross-adaptation”, where one form of stress prepares the body for another.（一些专家认为冷水游泳有利于交叉适应，即一种压力使身体为另一种压力做好准备。） 可知，这个表述显然有些抽象，F项“例如，它有助于减少在高海拔运动的压力。”正好对此讲行举例说明， 切题。故选F项。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。This was a day that would forever define Billy. It was March 20, 2012, around 5 pm at a nearby beach when young Billy, who was a college student, 41