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1、2023 年试题分析Passage One生词释义1. be popular with sb: 在 sb 中很受欢送2. to scorn:动词轻视，蔑视=look down upon scornful:(形容词轻视的3. Los Angeles Unified： 洛杉矶联合校区4. across the country: 整个国家= throughout the country5. to revise: 修订， 修改6. ritual: 名词 1仪式，*ancient religious rituals 古代的宗教仪式*the importance of religion and ritua
2、l in our lives 我们生活中宗教和仪式的重要性*The lady of the house performs the sacred ritual of lighting two candles.女仆人点燃了两根蜡烛， 进展了神圣的仪式。2文中含义 惯例* the daily ritual of mealtimes 每天吃饭的惯例* He went through the ritual of lighting his cigar.他习惯性地点了一支烟。7. flexible: 灵敏的， 可转变的inflexible: 不行转变的8. to mandate: 及物动词 强制规定* Th
3、ese measures were mandated by the IMF. 国际货币组织强制规定了这些措施。# mandate that .规定.;要求.* Justice mandates that we should treat all candidates equally.正义要求我们公正对待全部的候选人。9. exception: 例外# with the exception of sth: 除.之外= except* We all laughed, with the exception of Maggie.#without exception 无一例外*Each plant, wi
4、thout exception, contains some kind of salt.每一种植物都无一例外地含有某种盐。10. to count for:有价值， 很重要= be important* First impressions really do count.第一印象真的很重要。* His promises don”t count for much. 他的承诺算不了什么。* His overseas results count for nothing. 他在海外的经受不重要。1与 account for something 进展比较1 占的比重* Afro-Americans ac
5、count for 12% of the US population. 非裔美国人占美国人口的12%.2) 解释.的缘由 * Recent pressure at work may account for his behavior. 最近在工作上的压力可能可以解释他的行为。* Can you account for your movements on that night? 你能解释那天晚上的行为吗？11. academic: 学业的academic grade:学业成绩academy: 名词学术*Homework has never been terribly popular with st
6、udents and even many parents, but in recently years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on this educational ritual.Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with
7、the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a students academic grade.家庭作业从来就没有受到过学生、甚至是家长的特别欢送， 而近些年来更是备受贬损。 美国各学区， 特别是最近的洛杉矶联合校区， 正在矫正对这一教育惯例的看法。 不幸的是，洛杉矶联校制定了一项硬性政策， 规定除了一些高级课程外， 家庭作业在学业成绩中所占比重不能再超过10%。12. be meant to do: 应当做.; 有责任做=should*Come on, El
8、len, you”re meant to be helping me. 行了， Ellen， 你应当帮帮我。*I thought the police were meant to protect people. 我认为警察有责任保护大家。13. impoverished: 贫困的= poor14. chaos: 名词 混乱chaotic: 混乱的15. contradictory: 冲突的动词形式：to contradict 注： “和.相冲突”， 后面不加 with* The article flatly contradicts their claims. 这篇文章和他们所宣称的是完全冲突的
9、。* The witness statements contradict each other and the facts remain unclear. 证人的证词自相冲突， 事实还不清楚。216. on ones own: 独立地= independently17. to give a pass to sb: 让 sb 通过, 让 sb 过关18. complicated: 简洁的= complex19. to imply:(动词)暗指， 示意implication:名词* It is going close to the implication that.差不多就是指.，This rul
10、e is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their own or that they cannot do without expensive eq
11、uipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children. 该规定的目的是解决那些家境贫困或家庭状况糟糕的学生在完成作业时可能存在的困难。但是该政策不够清楚并自相冲突。固然， 假设学生不能独立
12、完成作业或者需要昂贵的设备才能完成， 这样的家庭作业就不该布置。 但是假设学生由于家庭环境简洁未完成作业， 而学区却根本让其过了关， 那么这就相当于明目张胆地说， 对贫困孩子有必要降低考试标准。20. administrator: 治理者21. schooling:不行数名词学业* children in their final year of compulsory schooling这些孩子是义务教育的最终一年* Al”s dad had only a few years of schooling 艾尔的爸爸只受过几年教育22. to assign: 布置assignment:(名词布置的作
13、业和任务23. to skip: 跳过， 略过， 不做* I decided to skip the first chapter. 我打算跳过第一章。* She skipped lunch in order to go shopping. 为了去购物， 她没有吃午餐。24. report card: 成绩报告单25. rather than: =instead of不是.* I think you”d call it a lecture rather than a talk. 我认为，你应当把它称之为讲座, 而不是一次谈话。* Rather than go straight on to uni
14、versity why not get some work experience first?不直接去上大学， 何不先取得一些工作阅历呢？* Bryson decided to quit rather than accept the new rules. 布里森打算辞职，而不是承受的规章。26. to empower sb to do : 授权 sb 做 sth3* The President is empowered to appoint judges to the Supreme Court.总统被授权为最高法院任命法官。27. to impose: 强加# to impose sth o
15、n sb: 把 sth 强加在 sb 身上* Some parents impose their own moral values on their children.有些父母把自己的道德观念强加在孩子身上。28. flat: (形容词断然的across-the-board:统一的*a flat, across-the board rule: 一个断然、统一的规章District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling; teachers are allowed to assign as much o
16、f it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who perform
17、ed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped.Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule. 学区治理层宣称家庭作业仍将是学业的一局部； 允许教师自主安排作业量。 但由于家庭作业在学业成绩中所占比重不能超过10%， 学生就能轻易躲避一半的家庭作业， 而
18、成绩报告单上也几乎看不出差异。 有些学生不做家庭作业统考也能取得好成绩， 但是那些完成了家庭作业并且取得好成绩的学生呢？ 这很可能是由于写作业帮助了他们。然而该规定不是授权教师去探究什么样的作业最适合学生， 而是强制规定了一个死板、统一的规章。29. to address: (动词) 解决(重点词汇)= solve* to address the problem： 解决问题30. thorn:名词刺thorny: 多刺的； 文中含义 麻烦的， 难处理的31. academic achievement: 学业成绩32. to eliminate:1文中含义铲除， 消退不必要或不重要的东西*The
19、 credit card eliminates the need for cash or checks. 信用卡免去了对现金或支票的需求。*The teacher should try to eliminate the possibility that the child has a hearing defect.教师应当尽可能排解孩子有听力障碍的可能性。2 消灭， 杀死敌人/对手433. conversely: 相反地 = on the contrary34. to matter: 动词 很重要= to count* Money was the only thing that mattere
20、d to him. 金钱是唯一对他重要的东西。35. a portion of：一局部a significant portion of.很大局部36. appropriate: 适当的37. to review:动词 1回忆2复习3 文中含义 批阅， 审核At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students academic achievem
21、ent, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework matters, it should account for a significant portion of the grade. Meanwhile, this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receive is meaningful or appropriate
22、 to their age and the subject, or that teachers are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct. 与此同时， 该政策并未解决有关家庭作业真正麻烦的问题。 假设学区觉察家庭作业对于提高学生的学业成绩作用不大， 那么它就该实行行动削减甚至取消家庭作业， 而不是让它在成绩中的比重变得微乎其微。 相反，假设家庭作业很重要， 那么就应在学业中占有重要比重。与此同时，学生承受的家庭作业是否有意义、是否适合他们的年龄和学科、教师布置的作业是否超出他们情愿批改的数量，对于这些问
23、题该政策丝毫不能保证。38. to put sth on hold: 动词短语 暂停 sth= to suspend* The plans are on hold until after the election. 选举后， 打算被暂停了。* Since having the kids, my career has been put on hold.自从有了孩子， 我的职业生涯开头暂停。39. to look into the matter: 调查这件事情= to investigate40. to conduct:动词进展， 进展*to conduct an investigation/ s
24、urvey/ an experiment: 进展调查/ 试验41. public hearing: 公众听证会The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right. 学校董事会负责制定教育政策的机构在
25、调查此事并进展公众听证会的时候， 有关家庭作业的规定应当推迟实施。 对于洛杉矶联校来说， 正确处理这件事还不算太晚。5文章构造：本文就一项关于学生家庭作业的教育政策开放论述。第一段：提出了人们对家庭作业的一般观点， 并给出了话题，即洛杉矶校区关于家庭作业方面的规定。其次段：提出论点， 即该规定不够明确并相互冲突， 并具体就贫困学生的状况指出弊病。第三段: 指出该规定没有考虑到家庭作业对学生学业成绩的作用 而是简洁地“一刀切”。第四段：指出该规定没有解决家庭作业的真正麻烦问题， 也没有考虑到学生年龄、科目和教师批改方面的具体状况。第五段：提出解决方法， 即应当停顿执行这种规定并征询群众意见。试题
26、分析：21. It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework.A is receiving more criticism Bis no longer an educational ritualCis not required for advanced courses Dis gaining more preferences依据信号词nowadays 和homework，回文定位到第1 段第一句.Homework hasnever been terribly popular with students and even many paren
27、ts, but in recently years it has been particularly scorned, 留意到 but 后面的 particularly scorned, 是receivingmore criticism 的同义转述， 答案为A 22. L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students.A tend to have moderate expectations for their education Bhave asked for a different educat
28、ional standardCmay have problems finishing their homework Dhave voiced their complaints about homework这是缘由推断题。依据信号词 L.A.Unified 和 made the rule about homework， 回文定位到第 1 段尾句.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy，但没有提到缘由， 连续往其次段找， 觉察首句 This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students
29、from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework.留意到代词 this, 后面必定是题眼,because 是 be meant to 的同义转述， 答案为C623. According to Paragraph 3one problem with the policy is that it may.A discourage students from doing homework Bresult in students indifference to their report cards Cun
30、dermine the authority of state testsDrestrict teachers power in education依据信号词 one problem with the policy， 回文定位到第 三段其次句， 留意到是 But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards. 选项Adiscou
31、rage students from doing homework 是划线局部的同义转述， 答案为A24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4 a key question unanswered about homework is.A it should be eliminatedB it counts much in schoolingC it places extra burdens on teachersD it is important for grades依据信号词 a key question unanswered about homework，回文定位到第 4
32、 段首句 the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework.，留意到是信号词 unanswered about homework= address none; 但题目询问的是具体的一个未解决问题是什么， 在接下来的第三句话中， 第一句 f the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students academic achievement, 与其次句 If homework matters.说的是同一个问题。 答案为D25. A suita
33、ble title for this Passage could be.A wrong Interpretations of an Educational PolicyB A Welcomed Policy for Poor StudentsC Thorny Questions about HomeworkD A Faulty Approach to Homework篇章主旨题需要关注首尾段中心句或各段落首句， 从整体上把握文章。 手段中心句Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates
34、that.可知下文探讨的是“一项有关应对家庭作业的错误政策”； 在依据尾段中心句 he homework rules should be put on hold while the shool board”可进一步确认本文主要讲的是“一项关于家庭作业政策的错误”， 这种首尾段中心句的照顾恰恰说明它们是主旨题的“题眼”， 正确答案为 D Passage Two7生词释义1. adult women: 成年女性2. be obsessed with/by sth:略含贬义 过度关注; 一心想着* A lot of young girls are obsessed by their weight.很
35、多女孩子对体重过度关注。* Jody”s been obsessed with some lifeguard for months.朱迪一个月来始终对某个警卫耿耿于怀。3. pervasive 遍布的， 布满的* the pervasive influence of television 电视无处不在的影响* the all-pervasive mood of apathy 处处布满着漠不关心的心情动词原形： to pervade: (感情， 想法或气味布满着* A spirit of hopelessness pervaded the country.一种无助的心情布满着整个国家。4. in
36、trinsically： 从本质上来讲5. a tiny slice of the rainbow：一小抹彩虹6. to celebrate:1 庆祝2 文中含义 歌颂， 颂扬to celebrate girlhood： 赞扬少女时代7. in one way: 在某方面8. to fuse: 融合to fuse girls identity to appearance 把女孩的身份融合到外表中9. to present:(动词) 呈现* to present that connection: 呈现那种关联10. to despair at sth: 对 sth 很无望11. singular
37、：形容词 1单数的 * If the subject is singular, use a singular verb.假设主语是单数的， 使用单数动词。2文中含义显著的， 明显的 * He showed a singular lack of tact in the way he handled the situation.在处理问题时候，他显得明显缺乏技巧。* a singular achievement： 突出的成就Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is
38、 pervasive in our young girls lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, be
39、tween girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls lives and interests. 穿粉红色衣服秀丽： 成年女性已不记得自己对这种颜色的沉迷， 但它在年轻女孩的生活中很盛行。 倒不是说粉红色本身有什么不好， 而是它仅仅是五颜六颜色虹的一小局部。 尽管它能在某方面8衬托少女的特质， 但它也会反复强化女孩身份与外貌之间的联系。 粉红色可以呈现出少女之间， 甚至是两岁
40、女孩儿之间的共性： 纯真， 而粉红色自身即是纯真的证明。 环顾四周， 我无望地觉察女孩的生活和兴趣格外缺乏想象力。12. unavoidable: 不行避开的13. to encode： 及物动词 把.编码* Pink seems to be encoded in girls DNA. 粉色似乎被编码在女孩的 DNA 中。14. be color-coded: 有色标的， 有色码对应的* Children are not color-coded at all. 孩子是不标注对应色码的。意思是指男女还没有天生是和某种颜色联系在一起的。15. as a practical matter: 实际上1
41、6. gender-neutral dress： 不分性别的裙子17. to introduce: 引进 重要词汇18. masculine: 男性的， 男子汉气概的masculinity (名词) feminine: 女性的， 女性气质的femininity ( 名词)19. pastel： 形容词 严峻的， 淡的20. version: 式样， 版本* Pink is a pastel version of red. 粉色是红色的严峻版。21. intimation:1示意 * the first intimations of the approaching conflict 冲突降落的第
42、一次示意2宣告， 告知* Without early intimation of the dates of the training sessions, enthusiasm for training could decrease.没有早点告知培训课程的日期， 大家培训的热忱可能会降低。22. Virgin Mary:圣母玛丽亚23. constancy: 恒久不变， 坚贞24. to amplify: 增加， 放大25. marketing strategy: 营销策略26. to come into its own: 形成， 取得成功27. inherently: 天性地， 固有地28.
43、to define:动词1 文中含义 定义* A budget is defined as a plan of action expressed in money terms”. 预算被定义为“从金钱的角度表达一个行动打算”。* Define precisely what you mean by ”crime”. 准确地定义你所指的“犯罪”。2） 描述9Girls attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate pr
44、ofessor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century, in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. Whats more, both boys and girls wore what
45、 were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolized femininity. It
46、was not until themid-1980s,when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant childrens marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years. 粉红色对女孩的诱惑似乎是不行避开
47、的， 不知怎么着成了她们 DNA 编码的一局部， 但依据美国争论副教授 Jo Paoletti 的观点， 事实并非如此。 在20世纪初以前， 孩子的衣服是不标注对应色码的： 在家用洗衣机问世之前的时代， 婴儿实际上都穿白色， 由于洗尽衣服的唯一方式是煮烫。 此外，不管男孩女孩都穿人们认为属中性颜色的衣服。在托儿所引入颜色概念后，粉红色实际上被认为是一种更具男性特征的颜色， 比红色更严峻， 让人联想到力气。 蓝色会让人想到圣母玛丽亚， 代表着坚贞和忠贞， 是女性的标志。20 世纪80年月中期， 强调年龄与性别差异开头成为儿童服装市场的主导策略， 直到这时粉红色才盛行起来， 开头对女孩产生一种看似固有的吸引力， 这让粉红色成为了定义女性特征的一个元素， 至少在最初的关键几年里是这样。29. profound: (形容词深刻的profoundly: 深刻地30. to dictate:1口授*She”s dictating a lette