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1、2023年中考英语知识点总复习(上)ago与before的用法区别区别1两者均表示以前,但ago以现在为基准,即指现在以前,因此常与一般过去时连用;而before以过去某一时间为基准, 指在那时以前,因此常与过去完成时连用(且多用于宾语从句 中).如:He left two years ago.他是两年前离开的.She said he had Ie什two year before.她说他是两年前离开的.区别2before也可泛指以前,不与具体时间连用.此时可用于现在完成时或一般过去时.如:I have read the book before.我以前读过这本书.He didnt know th
2、at before.他以前不知道此事.有关age的几条用法说明说明L有关年龄(age)的常见表达:How old is he? / Whats his age? 他多大年纪?He is ten (years old). / He is ten years of age.他 1 0 岁.I have a son (of) your age. / I have a son the same age as you.我有一个像你这样年纪的儿子.Their ages are 4.7 and 9.你们的年龄是4岁.7岁和9岁.besides, except, but 的用法区别1 .基本区别三者均可表示除
3、了,但besides表示一种累加关系,意指除了 什么之外,还有;而except或but则表示一种排除关系,意 指除了什么之外,不再有:Mary knows Japanese besides French.除法语外,玛丽还懂日 语.She eats everything except but fish.她什么都吃,但不包括 鱼.但是,在否定句中,besides也表示除外不再有,与but, except 同义:No one writes to me besides except you.除你之外,没有人给 我写信.2 .关于 but 与 except两者都可表示除外不再有,但含义上略有差别:but
4、侧重指 意义的几乎完整性,而except则侧重指后面除去的部分():All are here but one.除一个人外大家都到了.All are here except one,还有一个人没至U.3 . but用法的限制在现代英语中,but的介词用法十分有限,通常用于no, no one, nobody, nothing, any, anyone, anything, every, everyone, everything, all, none, who, what 等词语后:He walked across the hall.他从大厅的一端走到另一端.He walked through t
5、he hall.他穿过大厅.about,round,around 的用法区别三者均可表示在周围,有时可互换.如:They sat about round, around the fire.他们围火而坐.在现代英语中,about用于这种情况已不多见.另外,表示到处,三者也可互换(from ):He traveled about round, around the world. 他周游了全世 界.用在数字之前表示大约,一般用about或around:About Around 50 people came to the meeting.大约有 50 人 来参加了会议.He left his home
6、land around 1930,他大约在 1930 年离开家乡. 在英国英语中,在表示时间的词组里也可用round:He arrived about round, around 5 oclock.他是大约 5 点钟至ll的.about,on,with的用法区别三者均可表示随身带着,有时可互换.如:I have no money about on, with me.我身上没带钱.三者的细微区别是(from ):about 一般指随身带的小物品:Have you a ballpoint pen about you?你身上带圆珠笔了吗?(2) with多指带较大的东西(也可指较小的东西):He t
7、ook an umbrella with him.他随身带了把伞.(3) on表示带在身上(如在口袋里):Have you any money on you? 你身上带有钱吗?此例若用with或about,则不一定放在身上,也可能放在皮包 里等.about与on的用法区别两者都可表示关于,区别是:about指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某 事,其谈论的内容也较为普通;而on则指比较有系统地或理论性 较强地论述某事,其论述的内容较正式或较严肃.比较(from ):He wrote on mathematics.他撰写数学著作.He wrote about the school.他报道有关这所学校的情况.
8、If is Q book on birds.那是一本论及鸟类的书.(可能是一本学术 著作)I+ is a book about birds.那是一本关于鸟类的书.(可能是一本 供小孩看的故事书)Nobody knew her name but me.除我之外,没人知道她的名字.I have told this to no one but you.除你之外,这事我没告诉任 何人.Who but a fool would do such a thing?除了傻子谁会干那种 事?You can come any day but Friday.除了星期五之外,你哪天来都 行.He eats nothi
9、ng but fruit.他除了吃水果外,其他的什么都不吃. 但是except却没有以上限制,如下面一句可用except,但不能用 but:The window is never opened except in summer, 除夏天外,这扇 窗户从不打开.used to 与 be used to1 be used to意为“习惯于”,其中的t。是介词,所以其后要接名 词或动名词(不能接动词原形);若要强调从不习惯到习惯的过程, 可用get, become等代替动词be.如:He is used to looking after himself.他已习惯于自己照顾自己. I*m sure I
10、II get used to the hard work.我相信我会习惯这艰 苦工作的.注:be used to有时可能是动词use的被动语态结构(此时意 为被用来,其中的to为不定式符号,其后要接动词原形).如: A hammer is used to drive in nails.锤子是用来钉钉子的.2. used to意为过去经常,其中的to是不定式符号,而不是介 词,所以其后只接动词原形(不能接动名词).如:He used to live in Paris.他过去一直住在巴黎.注:used to通常不能与表示具体次数(如twice, three times 等)或一段时间(如three
11、 months, five years等)的词或短语连 用,但是它却可以与always, often等表示经常性意义的副词连 用.如:正:I went to Paris three times.我去过巴黎 3 次.误:I used to go to Paris three times.正:I lived in the country for three years. 我在乡下住过 3 年.误:I used to live in the country for three years.正:I always used used always to be afraid of dogs. 我过 去总是
12、怕狗.used to构成否定式和疑问式时通常有两种方式唧借助助动词did或直接将used用作助动词.如:He usednt didnt use to come.他过去不常来.You used to go there, usednt didnt you?你过去常到那儿去, 是吗?另外,有时也可见到以下这样的否定式和疑问式,但不是很普通:Did you use(d) to be a teacher?你过去是当老师的吗? They didnt use(d) to live here.他们过去没住在这儿. There used to be a cinema here, use(d)n*t there?
13、往日这里曾 有家电影院,是吗?wait (for)与 expect两者均含有等之意,但是有区别:wait for (等候)通常指在一个 地方呆着,不采取任何行动,一直等到某事发生,它主要强调时间 的流逝且含有耽误之意,有时暗示某人来得太晚或某事发生得太 迟等;而expect (期待,预料)则指某事(可指好或不好的事)很可 能会发生或到来,不强调时间的迟早,只说明一种心情.比较: 他在校门口等他母亲.误:He was expecting his mother at the school gate.正:He was waiting for his mother at the school gate
14、.我们在等乔治的来信.误:We are waiting for a letter from George.正:We are expecting looking forward to a letter from Goerge.那么我10点整等你.误:Then I 11 wait for you at exactly ten o clock.IE:Then I 11 expect you at exactly ten o clock.experiment的常用搭配用作名词(意为实验)应注意以下几点:1 .表示“做实验”,英语可用 do (或 make, carry out, perform) an
15、 experiment.2 .注意experiment之后介词的选用.总的原则是(并不绝对): 表示“用作或动物做实验”,用介词。n.如:do an experiment on him / the monkey 用他/ 猴子做实验(2)表示“做实验”,一般用介词in.如:make an experiment in physics / chemistry 做物理 化学实 验(3)表示“用做实验”(用方法.材料等),一般用介词with.如: carry out experiments with new methods 用新方法试验3 .表示通过(用)实验,一般在experiment之前用by.如:
16、 Scientists test out theories by experiment.科学家用实验检 验理论.注:experiment还可用作动词,但一般只用作不及物动词,其后所 接的介词与名词之后所接的介词大致相同,有时也有例外.如: make an experiment on electricity / to experiment on electricity做电学实验enough用法详解1 .用作名词,是不可数名词.如:Ive had enough, thank you.我吃饱了,谢谢你.2 .用作形容词,通常与复数名词或不可数名词连用,且一般放在被 修饰名词之前(在正式文体中也可置于
17、其后).如:Are there enough seats for all?座位够大家坐了吗?We havent enough time (或 time enough).我们的时间不够了.3 .用作副词,必须放在被修饰语之后.如:He is old enough to go to school,他够上学年龄了.I dont know him well enough to ask him for help, 我和他不够 熟,不能请他帮忙.4 .有的词书认为:enough用作表语时,其主语不能是名词,必须是 代词(如可以说:Thats enough,但不能说:The time is enough).
18、 这种观点有些片面,其实enough用作表语时,其主语可以是代词 也可以是名词(但主要限于表示数量概念的名词).如:One such dictionary is enough.这样的词典有一本就够了.else用法小议1. else (别的,其他的)通常置于下列语之后:(1 much, little, all (二everything)等;(2)以-one , -body, -thing, -where 结尾的词;who, what, where, how, why等疑问词(注:不能放在which 之后).如:Little else is known of his life.关于他的生平,别的就
19、知道得不 多了.Anything else I can do for you ? 我还能为你做点别的事吗? Where else did you go? 你还去过什么别的地方?2. else的所有格形式是elses.如:Ive taken somebody elses hat.我拿了别人的帽子.3. 与。r连用,表示“否则J要不然若用在句末,则常带有一种威 胁的口气.如:Hurry, (or) else youll be late,快点,要不然你要迟到了.bo what I tell you.or else!按我告诉你的做不然的话easy 与 easily1. easy (容易的)可用于句型
20、Ifs easy for sb. to do sth,或 sth.is easy for sb. to do,但不能用于 sb. is easy to do sth.或 Its easy+that 从句(参见 difficult).误: am easy to do the work.误:It s easy that I do the work.正:It s easy for me to do the work.正:The work is easy for me to do.做这项工作对我来说很容 易.2. easily是形容词easy的副词形式.如:I can easily finish th
21、e work,我可以毫费力地完成这项工作.3. easy有时也可用作副词,且一般只限于某些特定的说法中(注意一般不能用easily代之).如:thake ii(或 things) easy 别着急,紧张Easy come, easy go.来得容易去得快.Easier said than done.说来容易做来难.Stand easy!(口令)稍息!(比更随便些) crowd用法小结1 .用作名词,是集合名词.作主语时,谓语用单数(视为整体)或复数 (考虑其个体成员)均可.如:The crowd moves on, and no one tries to stop it. 人群向前移 动,谁也
22、没试图阻止.The crowd were running in all directions.人群往四面八方跑 去.强调人数多时,可用复数形式.如:There were crowds of people waiting to get in. 有许许多多的 人在等着进去.2 .用作动词,表示“聚集J挤满“,可用作及物或不及物动词.如: Shoppers crowded the streets.买东西的人挤满了大街.He managed to crowd into the train.他总算挤上了火车.People crowded round to get a better view.人们争相围观
23、.常用结构be crowded with.如:The hall was crowded with people.大厅挤满了人.The exhibition was crowded with visitors.展览会挤满了参观 的人.3 .派生形容词crowded意为“拥挤的”.如:crowded trains (hotels, roads, shops)拥挤的火车(旅馆,道路, 商店)但是,汉语的拥挤的交通不能直译为crowded traffic,而是 用 busy heavy traffic.cook的用法1 .用作动词,意为“烹调煮“J做(饭)”等,比较以下句型:Who cooks?谁煮饭
24、6Who cooks for me?谁给我煮饭?Who cooks the food?谁煮这食物?Who cooks me the food?谁给我煮这食物?Who cooks the food for me?谁给我煮这食物?2 .用作名词,意思是厨师.炊事员.注意:千万不要与cooker (炊具)混淆起来.比较:Father is a good cook.父亲是一位优秀的厨师.He bought a pressure cooker.他买了 个压力车禺.always用法小结1. always(总是)与一般现在(或过去)时连用是通常用法但有时它 也可与下列时体连用:现在完成时.表示“一向早就”.
25、如:Ive always believed he was wrong.我一直认为他是错的.(2)现在进行时,表示“总是老是“(往往带有一定的感情色彩.如 赞许.不快.厌恶等).He is always smiling.他总是面带笑容.She is always saying the same thing.他老是把同一样的话说了 又说.2. always除非在祈使句中,一般不用于句首.如:Always put on your safety belt when you drive.每次驾驶时者B一定要系好安全带说明2.表示在年龄时,英语常用at the age of +数字(有时也省略为at ag
26、e +数字,或改用when从句).如:He joined the army at the age of eighteen.He joined the army at age eighteen.He joined the army when he was eighteen (years old).他18岁时参了军说明3.他年纪/老不能直择为:His age is young / old.可译为:He is young / old短语after all用法说明1 .表示“尽管怎样,但还是”,可译为“终究毕竟(通常放在句 末).如:I was right a什er all,毕竟是我对.He trie
27、d for an hour and failed after all.他试了一个钟头,终究还是失败了.2 .表示“别忘了(通常放在句首).如:I know he hasnt finished the work but, after all, hes very busy.我知道他还没做完工作,但别忘了他很忙.注:不要将after all理解为最后.终于,而与finally或 at last 混淆.already用法小结1 .表示“已经“,通常用于肯定句,不用于否定句或疑问句(此时要用yet ).如:He has already started.他已经动身了.Has he started yet?
28、 他动身了 吗?He hasnt yet started. / He hasnt started yet.他还没有动身.2 .有时也用于疑问句,但往往含有问话人希望得到一个肯定回答或含有惊讶之意.如:Has she gone to bed already? 她不是已经上床了吗?Is he back already 他怎么已回来了?3 . 一般说来already不用于否定句,但它有时可用于否定的条件 状语从句中.如:If he hasnt seen the film already, he may get the ticket.假若他还未看过这电影,他呆以弄到票的.4 .与already连用的时
29、态:(1)与行为动词的完成体连用.如:He has read the book already.他已读过这本书.By this time tomorrow III have finished the job already.到明天这个时候,我将已做完这工作.(2)与行为动词的进行体连用.如:He is already working.这已经在工作了.When I came in, he was already laying the table.我进来时,他已在摆桌子了.(3)与持续性动词或状态动词的一般现在时或一般过去时连用.如:Ifs already late.已经迟了.He already
30、 knew about it,那时他已知道此事了.alone 与 by oneself1 .两者均表示“独自”.“单独“,有时可互换.如:He likes living alone (或 by himself)他喜欢独居.2 .两者均不可用very修饰,但可用all修饰.如;Can you finish the work all alone? 你一个人能完成这工作吗? He went to see the film all by himself.他独自一人去看了 电 影.3 .在表示人数方面,alone (侧重指没有外人)不如by oneself(指 绝对一人)那样绝对.如:误:I want
31、to be by myself with Mary.正:I want to be alone with Mary.我想单独与玛丽在一起.4 . alone还可放在名词或代词之后,表示仅仅只有(与only 同义,但。nly放在名词或代词之前),by oneself不能这样用.如: He alone can do it . ( = Only he can do it.)只有他才做得了.advice的用法1 .表示“建议”.”劝告J忠告等,是不可数名词,若表示一条或几条 建议或劝告,要借用piece这样的词.如:This is a good piece of advice,这是一条很好的建议.2 .
32、表示按照某人的意见做某事,一般要用介词on或by.如:We did the work on by her advice.我们按她的意见做此工作.3 .表示提出建议或忠告,一般用动词4团表示向某人请教或征 求意见,一般用动词ask (for);表示接受意见或劝告,一般用动词 take, follow, accept 等.如:The old often give good advice to the young. 老年人常常对年 轻人提出金玉良言.You should ask for the teachers advice. /You should ask the teacher for advi
33、ce.你应该去征求老师的意见.If we had followed his advice, we could have done the job better with less money and fewer people.要是听取了他的意 见,我们不仅可以节省人力.物力,而且还会把工作做得更好.4 .其后若出现that从句,通常用“should +动词原形”这样的虚 拟语气.如:AAy advice is that he (should) give up smoking.我建议他戒烟.address的用法1 .用作名词,意为“地址”.汉语中的“你住在哪? ”在英语中不能直 译为:Where
34、 is your address?因为此句的实际意思是你的地 址放在哪里? ”(即写有你的地址的纸条放在哪儿了?) 要表示你住在哪?一般说:Where do you live?也可以说成 Whats your address?2 .用作动词,注意以下用法:(1)表示“写地址“或“写信给”.如:Please address these letters.请把这些信写上地址.The card was wrongly addressed to our old home.那张明信片 误写了我们的旧地址.(2)表示响讲话(及物),属正式用法.如;The mayor addressed the crowd.
35、市长向群众讲话.Address your remarks to me, please.请把你的意见向我说吧. (3)用于address oneself to,意为“着手”致力于,如: She addressed herself to the main difficulty.他致力地解决 主要困难.because, since, as 与 for1.关于 because(1) because表示的原因是必然的因果关系,语气最强,通常放在 主句之后,有时也放在主句之前.(2)回答why提出的问题,只能用because,不能用其余三者.如:A:Why cant I go?我为什么不能去?B:Beca
36、use you are too young.因为你太年轻了.(3) because引导的从句可用于强调句,其余三者不能.哪:Its because he is kind that we like him.是因为他对人友好,我们才喜欢他.(4) because从句可用表语,其余三者不能.如:This is because the earth is travelling round the sun.这是因为地球在围绕太阳转.(5) not. because这一结构中的not有时否定主句,有时否定从 句,一般应根据句子的意思作出正确的(合逻辑的)理解.若not否 定主句,最好在because之前用逗
37、号,否则容易引起歧义:I didnt go because I was afraid.1)我没有去是因为我怕.2)我不因为怕才去.不过若because之前有just修饰,一般认为not只能否定从句.如:You shouldnt get angry just because some people speak ill ofyou.不要因为有些人说你的坏话而生气.(6)表示的原因是因为”这一意义时,一般要用The reason whyis that.如:The reason why he cannot come is that he is ill.他不能来的 原因是(因为)他病了.注:在阅读中有时
38、也可见到The reason why. . . is because.这 样的说法,但比较少见.2 .关于since和as(1) since和as表示的原因是人们所知的,是对已知事实提供理由, 而不表示直接原因.since比as语气稍强,且比as略为正式,两者 通常都放在主句之前,有时也放在主句之后.如:Since you feel tired, you should rest.既然你感到累了,你应该 休息.As he was not will, I decided to go without him.因为你身体 不好,我决定独自去.(2) since可用于省略句,而其它三者不能.如:Sinc
39、e soz there is no more to be said.既然如此,就再没有什么 好说的了.3 .关于forfor是并列连词(其作三者为从属连词),它有时可表示因果关系(只 能放在主句之后,且可与because换用),有时不表示因果关系,而 是对前面分句的内容加以解释或推断(也只能放在主句之后,但不 能与because换用).如:The ground is wetz for (或 because) it rained last night.地面 是湿的,因为昨晚下过雨.It rained last night, for (不能用 because) the ground is wet
40、this morning.昨晚下过雨,(你看)今天早上地面都是湿的.4 .其他(1)汉语习惯上说因为所以,但英语却不能将because, since, asz for与s。(所以)连用.(2)有时也有四者均可用的场合(如当要表示一个必然性推论时). 如:He must have passed this way, because (或 for) his footprints are here. / Since (或 As) his foot-prints are here, he must have passed this way.他走的一定是这条路,因为他的脚印还在 这儿.beautiful,
41、 handsome, pretty & good-looking1. beautiful (美丽的),多用于女性,一般不用于男性.注意它是一个 语气很强的词,着重指脸蛋迷人,体形匀称,比例完美,如:a beautiful girl (美女).另外,它也可用来指小孩或事物.如:a beautiful girl / picture美丽的小姑娘.图片.2. handsome多用于男性,意为英俊的.如:a handsome young man (英俊的小伙),有时也用于女性(一般只用于成年女性,不用于 少女),意为“体态健壮或端庄稳重”.如:D。you discribe her as beautifu
42、l or handsome?(你是说她美丽呢,还是端庄稳重?)另外, 它可用于事物,意为“美丽的堂皇的”.如:a handsome building (堂皇的建筑).3. pretty (漂亮的)与beautiful 一样,也只用于女性.小孩或事物, 但语气不如beautiful强.它侧重指“娇小”.如:a pretty boy box 一个漂亮的小男孩/盒子.4. good-looking (好看的)可用于男性或女性.但一般不用于事物.中考必备词汇基础这里的词汇基础不仅仅是指对所学单词的读音.拼写和意义的掌 握,还要懂得常用单词的前后搭配.近义词辨析及短语动词的区别 等.中考单填空题涉及到:
43、(1)常用词的前后搭配.请看下面这道中考题:The earth is our home. We must it clean.A.changeB. sweepC. keepb.build答案是C,因为在这几个动词中能接宾语+宾补的只有keep.(2)近义词细微差别,特别是近义动词.名词.形容词和副词的辨析. 如常考的有:spend, cost, pay, take; talk, speak, tall, say; borrow, land, keep, use; take, bring, fetch; hope, wish,expect; start, begin; lie, lay; hear
44、, listen, sound; see, look; beat, win, lose, fail; rise, raise, lift; forget, leave; sound, voice, noise; home, family, house, room; game, match; excuse, reason; large, big; good, well等等.请看下面这道中考题: The temperature was below zero. It was difficult to the car.A. moveB. getC. beginD.star答案是D.温度低与能否搬动.移
45、动汽车,或者得到汽车均无关系, 极易排除答案A和B;关键是区分begin和start,只要懂得使机器 开始运转或发动机的开动只能用start而不用begin,就可选出正 确答案了 D.(3)短语动词的比较,特别是由get, look, take, put, turn, come, send 等动词力口 up, down, for, to, on, after, in, out, off, away 等介词或副词构成的短语动词.常考的有:get on / off / up / back; look at / for / after / up / out / like; put down / up
46、 / off / on / away; take off / up / down / away; turn off / on / up / down; send up / off / for; open up, made up; agree with, come up with等等.请看下面这道中考题:I didnt go to the park with my classmates, because my mother asked me to my little sister at home.A. look after B. look atC. look for b.look like答案是
47、A,由句子的意思可知母亲叫我在叫照看(look for)”妹妹. 此题要求考生熟记各词组的不同意思有关best的几个重要表达1. at (the) best至多,充其量,就最乐观的一面来看.如:Life is short at best.生命再长也是短暂的.At best a few hundred people attended the meeting. 充其量 只有几百人参加了会议.We cant arrive before Friday at best.我们无论如何也无法在 星期五以前赶到.2. do try ones best尽力,竭尽全力.如:As long as you do your bast, well be happy,只要你尽力,我们 就满意了.It doesnt matter if you dont win