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1、高考英语核心语法之定语从句一：知识储备1.确定是定语从句设空处无提示词，而设空前的主句完整；设空后的句子不完整，且对设空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用，考虑填定语从句关系词。结构：I like people who have a good sense of humor.先行词+关系词+定语从句2.关系词分类关系词先行词,在从句中的成分who主语或宾语whom人宾语关系代词which物主语或宾语that人或物主语或宾语when时间状语关系副词where地点状语why原因状语关系限定词whose人或物定语1.关系词的本质：决定关系词的不是先行词，而是关系词在定语从句中充当的成分2.掌 握2步法解题技
2、巧 看 从 句 中 是否缺重要成 分（主语、宾语、表语）（2）看先行词的词义选关系词whom3.基础例题做一做1.1 like guys are humorous and rich.2.A plane is a machine can fly.3.1 like to find a pa r t ne r I can trust.4.This is the suitcase she bought.5.The man I told you about is sitting over there.6.1 love the music I can dance to.7.This is the man
3、son died in that air crash.8.This teacher course I m taking is excellent.4.普遍规则记一记1.指人时，who比that更常用;指物时,that比which更常用2.关系代词在从句中充当宾语时通常可以省略This is the suitcase she bought.（4 题）I like to find a partner I can trust.（3 题）3.关系代词在从句中做介词的宾语，如果此时介词提前，关系代词只能用whom/which,且不能省略。I love the music to which I can d
4、ance.（6 题）The man about whom I told you is sitting over there.（7 题）5.典型例题来辨析1.I still remember the days we spent in the country.2.I still remember the days we studied together.3.The factory we visited is far away.4.The factory this kind of cars are made is very modern.5.I dont know the reason he is
5、angry with me.6.The reason he gave us for his being absent isnt acceptable.6.记住关系副词（when/why/where）可替换：介词+which（介词由先行词的搭配决定）when=on/in/at/during which where=in/on/at/to which why=forwhichr I will never forget the day when I met you.I I will never forget the day on which I met you.r 1919 is the year
6、when the revolution took place.L 1919 is the year in which the revolution took place.r The city where we spent our holidays was beautiful.L The city in which we spent our summer vacation is beautiful.关于where的补充考点：当先行词为表示抽象地点的名词，如 point,situation,case,stage等，若在从句中作状语，用关系副词where引导定语从句；若作主语或宾语，则用关系代词 t
7、hat/whichoIt s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselvesdifferently.7.认识非限制性定语从句在先行词的后面出现逗号的，是非限制性定语从句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句可代表主句的全部或部分内容，which意为“这一 点Football,which is an interesting game,is very popular all over the world.Football is an interesting game,which m
8、akes it popular all over the world.as引导非限制性定语从句，可放句中或句首，意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是 be seen,be known,be reported,be mentioned,be said,is often the case等。As we all know,no life can live without water.as we all knowas is well knownas you see众所周知众所周知如你所见As we expect 正如我们预料的那样as often happens 正如经常发生的那样as I can rem
9、ember 正如我所记得的as has been said before 如前所述ass/was expected 正如预料的那样as can be seen 正如所见as is often the case 情况常常是这样8.高考链接1.She and her family bicycle to work,helps them keep fit（2018.北京卷）2.Ka t e,s i s t e r I shared a room with when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia（2018-天津 卷）3.During t
10、he rosy years of elementary school,I enjoyed sharing my dolls andjokes allowed me to keep my high social status.（2019全国I卷）4.The little problems we meet in our daily lives maybeinspirations for great inventions.（2017 1 匕京卷）5.But S a r a h,h a s taken part in shows along with top models,wantsto prove
11、that she has brains as well as beauty.（2017 全国HI卷）6.Like anything,it is possible to have too much fat and s a l t,i s notgood for the health（2017 全 国卷）二：真题精析1.The students benefiting most from college are those are totally engaged（参与）in academic life,taking full advantage of the colleges chances and
12、 resources（资源）.解析：考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。are totally engaged（参与）in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those,空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或 that。2.Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full sentences.解析：考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中 she can say individual words but not fu
13、ll sentences 是一个定语从句，先行词是 the stage,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。3.We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.解析：考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以关系词用when。4.She and her family bicycle to work,helps them keep fit.解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行
14、车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。5.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,lived from roughly551 to 479B.C.,influenced the development of chopsticks.解析：句意：有些人认为中国的伟大圣贤孔子，大约生活在公元前551-479年，对筷子影响很大。根据句意可知，空格后 lived from roughly 551
15、to 479 B.C.,是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词Confucius指人，故需用关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句。6.Maybe you have a habit is driving your family crazy.解析：句意：可能你有一种让家人发疯的习惯。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是ahabit；关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。7.The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for greatinventions.解析：句意：我们在日常生
16、活中遇到的小麻烦有可能成为伟大发明的灵感。题干中，The little problems是先行词，we meet in our daily lives是定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，因此用that/which引导定语从句。8.My eldest son,work takes him all over the world,is in New York at themoment.解析：句意：我的大儿子现在在纽约，他的工作让他走遍世界各地，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词s o n,空格处在从句中作定语修饰名词w o rk,所以要用关系代词whose。9.She was taking the food t
17、o the refugee camp,in she distributed it to children.解析：句意：她把食物带到难民营。在那里她把食物分给孩子们。定语从句先行词是therefugee cam p,指物，从句中in之后缺少宾语，故用关系代词which引导定语从句。10.When harvest came around,he was already selling herbs,vegetables and cotton in themarket people from the towns met regularly.解析：句意；当收获的季节到来，他在各镇人们来往的集市上售卖草药、
18、蔬菜和棉花。先行词是表示地点的名词market；从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导定语从句。三：课后练习l.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,lived from roughly 551to 479 B.C.,influenced the developmenl(develop)of chopsticks.2.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.3.Many young people,most of were wel
19、l-educated,headed for remote regions to chase theirdreams.4.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.5.The number of s m o k e r s,is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.6.The books on the desk,covers are shiny,are prizes for us.7.He wrote man
20、y children s books,nearly half of were published in the 1990s.8.China Today attracts a worldwide readership,show s that more and more people all over theworld want to learn about China.9.A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.10.Among the many dangers sailors
21、 have to face,probably the greatest of all is fog.11.The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.12.We 1 1 reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.13.Until now,we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor c h ild re n,is quite unexpected.14.1 bor
22、rowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last w e e k,m y classmatesrecommended to me.15.Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.16.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected.17.The president of the World Ban
23、k says he has a passion for C h in a,h e remembers starting asearly as his childhood.18.There is no simple a n s w e r,i s often the case in science.19.Happiness and success often come to t h o s e are good at recognizing their ownstrengths.2O.Finally he reached a lonely island was completely cut of
24、f from the outside world.21.John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of are family members.22.We have launched another man made satellite,is announced in todayJ s newspaper.23.1 wish to thank Professor Smith,without help I would never have got this far.24.Maria has written two novels,both of
25、 have been made into television series.25.That e v e n in g,I will tell you more about later,I ended up working very late.26.By 1 6:3 0,was almost closing time,nearly all the paintings had been sold.27.The dishes I cooked were Mom s favorite.28.But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a
26、 TV show in the m id-1 9 8 0 s,Iwas the first Western TV reporter.29.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,the weather may be better.30.Opposite is St.Paul s Church,you can hear some lovely music.3 l.As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time he should b
27、e ableto be independent.32.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy theirwork.33.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work a goodimpression is a must.34.Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gai
28、n experience forgrowth.35.1 am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings forher.36.1 didn t become a serious climber until the fifth grade,I went up to rescue a kite thatwas stuck in the branches of a tree.37.When I arrived,Bryan took me to see the house I would
29、be staying.38.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment they live.39.He wrote a letter he explained what had happened in the accident.4O.Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.参考答案：l.who 分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Confucius,且关系词在从句中作主语，故填
30、who。2.whose 句意：我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子总是很吵闹。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句修饰a couple,且关系词在从句中作定语,故用关系代词whoseo3.whom 定语从句的先行词是young people,most表示他们中的大多数，因此应该使用mostof whomo因为先行词指人，不能用of which。4.which Some experts think是主句，主句之后是省略了连词that的宾语从句；在名词skill之后则是一个由 介词upon+关系代词 引导的定语从句，此处应填关系代词which。句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。5.a
31、s 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代的是整个主句的内容。a s引导非限制性定语从句时，表示“如同，正如，符合语境。6.whose 句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖品，这些书的封面是光亮的。定语从句的先行词为books,它与定语从句的主语是所属关系，所以用关系代词whose引导定语从句。7.which 句意：他写了许多儿童读物，几乎有一半的书是在二十世纪九十年代出版的。逗号之后是一个修饰childrens books的非限制性定语从句，which指代childrens books()8.which 本句使用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，其中which指代前面整个句子的内容。9
32、.whose句意：国内市场的利润有所下降的公司有可能到国外寻求机遇。A company为先行词，whose引导定语从句，且在定语从句中作定语。lO.which/that 句意：在水手们面对的很多危险中，可能最大的(危险)是雾。which/that引导定语从句并在从句中作宾语，dangers为先行词。11.w hich/lhat本题定语从句中的谓语动词spent为及物动词，缺少宾语，关系词为其宾语，故用关系代词which/that。根据先行词y e a r,易错填w hen,但此处关系词在定语从句中作动词 spent的宾语，而不是在定语从句中作时间状语。12.which/that 因为先行词指物
33、，又因为从句的动词set缺少宾语，所以用关系代词which/that引导定语从句。13.which 句意：直到现在,我们已经为贫困儿童筹集了 50 000英镑，这很出乎意料。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容，并在从句中作主语，可译为 这件事。14.which 句意：上周我从图书馆借了 夏洛克 福尔摩斯这本书，这本书是我的同学推荐给我的。分析句子结构可知，my classmates recommended to m e是非限制性定语从句，先行词是the b o o k,关系词在定语从句中作recommended的宾语，应用关系代词which15.that 句意：请把你所知道
34、的关于这个职位的候选人的所有信息发给我们。根据句子结构来判断，此处是一个定语从句，其先行词为information,关系词在从句中作have的宾语。由于先行词前有all修饰，故要用that引导定语从句。16.whose 句意：这本书是以那些生活受到影响的人们的视角来讲述地震中发生的故事的。定语从句中的先行词是those,且空处在从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose引导。17.which 分析句子结构可知，he remembers starting as early as his childhood为非限制性定语从句，先行词是passion,且空处在从句中作宾语，因此填which。18.as 分
35、析句子结构可知，该题考查非限制性定语从句，所填的词在从句中作主语，as isoften the case常被看作是一个固定搭配，意为”情况通常是这样，所以用a s引导。19.who 句意：幸福和成功往往降临到那些善于意识到自己优点的人的身上。先行词是those,指人，关系词在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who引导定语从句。2O.which/that 分析句子结构可知，空处所缺词引导定语从句，修饰先行词island,并在从句中作主语，所以填which/that。21.whom 句意：John邀请了大约四十人参加他的婚礼，其中大部分是家庭成员。该定语从句的先行词指人，且 most o f在从句中充
36、当主语，空处位于介词后，故用关系代词whom引导。22.which 句意：今天的报纸宣布我们发射了另外一颗人造卫星。此题考查非限制性定语从句，which在这里指代前面整句话的内容，且在从句中作主语。23.whose 句意：我想感谢Smith教授，没有他的帮助我绝不会取得这样的成绩。从句中的 help是名词，与 Professor Smith是所属关系，故此处用whose引导定语从句。24.which 句意：Maria写了两部小说，这两部小说都被拍成了电视剧。逗号后面为非限制性定语从句，又因此处有介词。f,因此用关系代词which。25.which 句意：那天晚上，我工作到很晚，我以后会告诉你更
37、多关于那天晚上的情况。whichI will tell you more about later是非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作about的宾语。26.which 句意：到下午四点半，差不多要关门的时候，几乎所有的画都已经卖光了。先行词是16:30,引导词在从句中作主语，故要用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。27.whatThat/which或去掉what 从句意看，这里what引导的是定语从句修饰the dishes,what不能引导定语从句，应该改为that或 which引导从句并在从句中作宾语指物；关系代词在从句中作宾语，此时也可以省略关系代词。题组2 关系副词引导的定语
38、从句28.when 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，故填关系副词when。29.when 分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，先行词为next w eek,且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用wheno3O.where 句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你能听到一些美妙的音乐。分析句子结构可知，you can hear some lovely music 是非限制性定语从句，where 替代先行词 St.Pauls Church在定语从句中作地点状语。31.when 句意：作为家里孩子中最小的一个,Alex一直渴望着他能够有独立的时间。根据句子结构来
39、判断,此句中the time后面是一个定语从句，且空处在从句中作状语，表示时间，所以要用关系副词when。32.where 句意：公司老板正在尽力营造一个员工们可以在其中快乐工作的轻松的氛围。空处替代先行词atmosphere,且在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。33.where 本题的先行词是work,使用关系副词where引导定语从句，在从句中充当状语，相当于in whicho34.where 句意：学生应该参与社区活动，在这些活动中他们能够获得成长的经验。wherethey can gain experience for growth 是定语从句，修饰先行词 communi
40、ty activities,关系词where在从句中作状语。35.when 句意：我盼望我的女儿能读这本书并懂得我对她的感情的那一天的到来。先行词是 th ed ay,后面是定语从句，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when。36.when 先行词为the fifth grade,此处when引导定语从句，并在从句中作时间状语。37.where 句意：当我到达时，Bryan带我去看了我即将居住的房子。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词where来引导。38.where 句意：现在人们更加关心他们所居住的环境。分析句子结构可知，空处所缺词引导定语从句，先行词为environment,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where39.where 句意：他写了一封信，在信中他解释了那起事故中发生的事情。分析句子成分可知，空处所缺词引导定语从句，a letter是先行词，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。where在这里相当于in which40.where 句意：许多国家现在正在建造国家公园，动物和植物在这里可以得到保护。whereanimals and plants can be protected 是定语从句，修饰先行词 national parks,关系副词 where在从句中作地点状语。