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1、2023年高考英语一轮复习：定语从句学案一、定语从句定义定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的分类定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。1.限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的一部分，若去掉，主句的内容就不完整，意义也会发生改变。从句和先行词的关系十分密切，从句紧跟先行词，两者之间不可用逗号隔开。2.非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切，两者之间用逗号隔开。三、定语从句的两个基本要素1.先行词：被定语从句所
2、修饰的词2.关系词：1）引导定语从句的词（连接）2）代替先行词（指代）3）在从句中充当句子成分（作成分）四、定语从句的基本用法类别引导词句子成分指代关系代词which主、宾物或整个句子that主、宾 表人或物who主、宾人whom宾人whose所属关系，”的”as主、宾、表人、物或整个句子关系副词when时间状语时间where地点状语地点why原因状语原因1.that的用法仅在限制性定语从句中使用，既可以指代人又可以指代物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可省略，但不能作介词宾语。下面几种情况必须用that引导定语从句：1）先行词是不定代词 all,few,little,much,so
3、mething,nothing,anything等；2）先行词被 Ihe only,the very,any,every,no,all,few,little,much 等修饰；3）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰；4）先行词既有人又有物；5）主句的主语是疑问词who或which；6）主句以here,there开头；7）有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词宜用which,另外一个宜用that02.which的用法I）指代物或一句话，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或介词的宾语。2）“介词+which”引导定语从句的用法3.who和whom的用法1）who指代人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，但介词提到关系代词前
4、，不能用who。在限制性定语从句中who可用that代替。2）whom指代人，在定语从句中作宾语，介词提到关系代词前，只能用whom。在限制性定语从句中可用who或ihat代替。4.whose的用法指人或者物，在定语从句中作定语。当从句中含有与先行词有所属关系的词的时候，我们就用whose引导定语从句，相当于of whom或 ofwhich o5.when的用法when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“表时间的介词（如：in,at,on,during 等）+which”。6.where的用法where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“表地点的介词（如：in,at,on,under
5、等）+which”。7.why的用法why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“表原因的介词（如：for）+which”注意：当先行词为situation,case,stage,point等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，也要用关系副词where引导。有时为表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from/to等。关系副词when,where可用于非限制性定语从句，而关系副词why不可以。五、定语从句的特殊用法1.a s的用法1）用于限制性定语从句。指人或物且在限制性定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。常用句型为：such（+名词）+as.（像一样的，像之类的）the same+名词
6、+a s.（和.同样的）2）用于非限制性定语从句。指代整个主句或主句中的一部分，意为：正如，像注意：1）a s和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句或主句中的一部分内容，关系词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，a s与which均不可省略，有时两者可以互换。2）在非限制性定语从句中，w hich引导的从句一般在主句之后，而a s引导的从句，可在主句前、主句后，也可插在主句中。3）在非限制性定语从句中，which通常意为“这；这 一 点 ；a s通常表示说话人的态度、看法、解释等，意 为“正如；就像”。常用as 的结构：as anybody can see,as we all k
7、now,as we expected,as isreported,as has been announced,as is often the case2.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中的注意事项1）介词+which”指物，”介词+whom”指人。2）some,any,none,both,all,few,neither,most+o f+关系代词（whom/which）,表 示“所有”关系，或“整体与部分”的关系。3）介词+whose+名词。3.the way+定语从句当the w ay作先行词时，从句中缺状语时，用in which或that或省略引导定语从句定语从句巩固练习一、定语从句与高
8、考真题1.（2022新高考 I 卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protectionfor all the species live within the Giant Panda Range andsignificantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.2.（2021新高考 II 卷）I decided that if 1 learned of a company useda lot of plastic,Id send it an email urging it to c
9、ut back.3.（2021-1 月浙江）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement toolgives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.4.（2021 天津）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us ofpast mistakes from we can learn without repeating them.5.（2020 天津）At the Chinese art festival,there
10、 are different standsartists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.6.（2020全国HI）In ancient China lived an artist paintings werealmost lifelike.7.（2020 新高考全国 I）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example，formed the core collection of the British Museumopened in 1759.8.（2020 江
11、苏）If you look at all sides of the situation,youll find probablya solution t hat（suit）everyone.9.（2019 全国 II）Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at thepet shop in M a c c l e s f i e l d,s h e opened with her late husband Les.10.（2019 全国 III）They were well trained by their masters hadgrea
12、t experience with caring for these animals.11.（2019匕京）The students benefiting most from college are those_are totally engaged（参与）in academic life,taking full advantage of thecolleges chances and resources（资源）.12.（2019天津）Their child is at the stage she can say individualwords but not full sentences.1
13、3.（2019 江苏）We have entered into an age dreams have thebest chance of coming true.14.（2019 浙江）On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth_ gives off light in the dark.15.（2018全国 H）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between2005一when the government started a soil-testing programgive
14、s specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and 2011,fertilizer usedropped by 7.7 million tons.16.（2018浙江）Many westerners come to China cook muchless than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eatout.二、单句填空1.The old man turned his business over to his younger son,madeh
15、is elder son discouraged.2.I will never forget such a beautiful village I spent my childhoodwith my grandparents.3.There they met people from other parts of the country,had alsovolunteered to help.4.There are many good websites you can check out the latest in thescience world.5.The s y s t e m,c a n
16、 be the most advanced in many ways,will be thelargest earthquake observation network in the world.6.He decided to go to Stanford because there were many opportunities forpeople wanted to work in Silicon Valley.7.His interest started a few years ag o,_ he was in college andstudying wildlife science.8
17、.Then Needham began his lifelong research,ended up creatingthe greatest workScience and Civilisation in China.9.This woman has set a good example to her s o n,i s a really luckyguy.10.Over the years,I have met some interesting people.Two of the mostinteresting people were two elderly sisters,Joan an
18、d B e r n i c e,w a yof talking about people inspired me.三、语法填空There was a time 1.I was tired of learning English and disliked tospeak English.And this was the reason 2._ my father forced me to join in a30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When Ifirst came to the cl
19、ub,3.I met many strangers,I missed my parentsvery much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately,myguide,4.teacher was Yu Minhong,communicated with me face to face.He,from 5.I gained some useful instructions,also showed me a goodpartner,and we got along well with each other.Graduall
20、y I adapted to the lifethere.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series ofactivities 6.we did.I should be grateful to my father and theguide,7.encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel itinteresting to learn English,into 8.I put my entire energy.Every day Ire
21、ad my words and passages aloud.In class I join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep,I recall the passages,through 9.I can memorizea large number of new words.10.our English teacher says,As long as youform the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance,you willconquer English so
22、oner or later/5四、写作运用翻译下列句子。（指向应用文与续写 标注）我们周围的一切都被遮住了，这无疑增加了我们的困难,让我们更加无助。续写2；这是我读过的最美的诗。应用文参考答案：一、主谓一致与高考1.that 2.that/which 3.which/that 4.which 5.where 6.whose7.which/that 8.suits 9.which 10.who 11.who 12.where13.when 14.that/which 15.that/which 16.who/that二、单句填空1.which2.where3.who5.which4.where6.who/that7.when8.which9.who 10.三、语法填空1.when 2.why3.where 4.whose5.whom 6.which/thatwhose7.who8.which9.which 10.As四、写作运用1.Everything around us is covered,which undoubtedly increases ourdifficulties and makes us more helpless.2.This is the most beautiful poem that I have ever read.