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1、专题19定语从句的基本用法综述：本节内容，没有从术语的角度去阐述定语从句的用法。因为好些学生即使你跟他强调关系代词、关系 副词，他也会区分不清。所以在复习的过程中，我避开了这些术语的束缚，单从表面看，分析连词是单个 出现，代表从句的名词成分还是有介词联合使用，最终被化成when, where, why的形式。所以把连词从形式 上分为以下4类：一.单纯连接which, that, who, whom, as1）把两个具有相同成份的句子进行连接，其中一个句子中相同的成份被换成连接词。I saw a man in the street. The manwas in rags.I saw a manw
2、ho was in rags in the street.2）如果相同的成份是人，连接词可以是that, who, whomI am a student （that/ who/ whom） you once taught in the country school.3）如果相同成份是物，连接词汇可以是that, which, as.I gave hime a book （that/which） I bought for him as his birthday present.4）在下列情况下，连接词只能是that名词前有 the only, the very, few, little, man
3、y, any, the right, the last, just, ever,no 等修饰时用 that 例句 He is the last man that I want to see.名词前有序数词修饰、有最高级修饰的时候。He told me to take the fastest train that he had taken to Beijing.名词是不定代词 all, little, few, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, some 等的时候 The old man gave me all his t
4、ools that were kept in his garage.如果相同成份既有人，又有物，连接词是thatI really miss the people and the night bars that I had been farmiliar with in the downtown.如果名词前有the same, such, so, as等修饰的时候，如果所指的是同一事物，用that,如果是同一类事 物，用asoThe teacher showed him the same book that I had.（展示给他的就是我那本书）The teacher showed him the
5、 same book as I had.（展示给他的跟我的书一样）如果名词是who或者which,定语从句连词用thatoWho that has won so much money would live in such a poor house?known = as is known to all “众所周知I； as we had expected ”正如我们所预料的那样；as often happens ”正如 经常发生的那样“；as is often the case 正如经常发生的那样“；as has been said/seen/heard before正如所说/ 所看/所听到的那
6、样；as is mentioned above ”正如上面提到的“；which常译作“这一点，这件事”，此时指前面 主句所提到的那件事。He passed the examination, as could be expected.不出所料，他反对这个意见。Jim has made great progress, which makes his parents very happy.吉姆进步很大，这使他父母很高兴。(3)用法：当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定意义时，只能用which。He failed the examination, which was unexpected/not ex
7、pected.他考试失利了，这是未预料到的。她又缺席了，正如预料的那样。限时练1单句语法填空The housewindows face the north belongs to him.The man you met just now is my old friend.The man is walking in the playground is my old friend.Take the book is lying on the table.She is such a girl is always finding fault with other people.I refuse to ac
8、cept the blame for something was someone elses fault.Whenever I met her,was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.All the presents your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.This is the very book I have been looking for.He was late for the opening ceremony,was very surprisin
9、g to me.She has been absent again, as is expected.He pretended not to know me,I didnt understand.答案： whose who/whom/that who/that which/that as that which that that which as which考点三关系副词引导的定语从句when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，用关系副MJ 01 .先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，关系副词when, where, why在从句中作状语。典
10、例剖析【2020 全国高考 L 语法填空，631Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signals to the spacecraft andto Earth.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：由于月球自身阻挡了地球与探测器之间的无线电通信，中国必须先将 一颗卫星送入月球上方轨道的一个位置，在那里它能够向航天器和地
11、球发送信号。分析句子成分并结合句 意可知,设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词spot,且引导词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导,故填where。The factory where his father works is the largest one in this city .他父亲工作的那个工厂是这个城市最大的工厂。Ill always remember the day when my son returned from America.我将永远记得我父亲从美国回来的那一天。名师解读(1)当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point, situation, case, stage, f
12、amily 等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词 that/whichoRemember that there is still one point that/which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。Shes in a hopeless situation, where we will keep a very close eye on her.她处于无望的处境中，在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。(2)先行词occasion当“时刻”讲
13、时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。Please describe an occasion where you met real difficulties.请描述你遇到真正困境的场景。Occasions are rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.我有时间和孩子们度过一天的时机很少。典例剖析【2019江苏卷单项填空,21 We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.A. which B. what C
14、. when D. that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行 词为an age (一个时代)，且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。2. way后接定语从句的情况。(1)当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时，引导定语从句的关系词可以 是 that, in which 或省略。I dont like the way (that/in which) he speaks.我不喜欢他说话的方式。限时练2单句语法填空I want to know the date you were b
15、om.I have forgotten the date you told me.Do you know the reason he is absent today?That is the reason I want to know.This is the factory his father built.Sales director is a position communication ability is just as important as sales skills.This is the second time I have been here.Can you still rem
16、ember the time we spent together in our childhood?答案：when/on which(2)(that/which)(3)why/for which(4)(that/which)(5)(that/which)(6)where(that) (that/which)考点四“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句1 .关系代词的确定在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是人， 则引导词用whorrioThis is the train on which Lilywent to Shenzhen
17、.这就是Lily去深圳所乘坐的那列火车。This is the student for whom I bought the dictionary.这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。2 .关系代词前介词的确定(1)依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first.我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak to)The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.西湖是一个美丽的地方，杭州因此而闻名。(be famous f
18、or)(2)根据先行词来确定。Ill never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time)Water, without which man cant live, is really important.水真的很重耍，没有它人类就不能生存。(without air)3 .“名词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构此类结构常见的 Wsome/many/most/all/none+of + which/whom”等。Here are the que
19、stions, some of which I think are easy for you.问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说很容易。He has three sons, none of whom are soldiers.他有三个儿子，没有一个是当军人的。4 .“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句，其从句部分常与先行词用逗号隔开，且从句部 分常用倒装语序。He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tree.他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树。5 . “介词+which/whom +不定式”结构The p
20、oor man has no house in which to live.The poor man has no house to live in.一The poor man has no house in which he can live.那个穷人没房子住。名师点睛有时为表达清楚，也可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from/to等，平时也应掌握，但 非高考重点。China is the birthplace of kites, from where kite flying spreads to Japan, Thailand, India and so on.中国是风筝的发源地
21、，从这里，放风筝传到了日本、泰国、印度等国家。即时练3用“介词+关系代词”填空He may win the competition,case he is likely to get into the national team.I bought a great many books,I spent all of my money that I saved.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.In the dark street, there wasnt
22、a person she could turn for help.答案：in whichon whichof whichto whom【名师点睛】关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。因此，在选 择关系词时，最重要的是分析一下定语从句中的句子成分。比较： Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Being?你还记得我们一起在北京度过的日子吗？Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Being?你还记得
23、我们在北京过暑假的日子吗？牛刀小试单句填空1.1.1 have seldom seen a situation made me angry.2. Describe a situation you failed.3. This is the age people live in peace and harmony.4. This is the age people will never forget.5. The reason he gave us was hard to accept.6. The reason he was late for school is he missed the f
24、irst bus.7. The factory was built in a secret place, around which high mountains.8. The murder happened in an old building, beside which the city police station.9. George, with I played tennis on Sundays, was a out-spoken boy.10. He had a lot of friends, only a few of invited to his wedding.1 l.He h
25、ad a lot of friends, only a few of were invited to his wedding.12 .They put forward a lot of study schedules at home, but none of were carried out in their work.13 .They put forward a lot of study schedules at home, none of were carried out in their work.14 . Why cant you realize the part _ they hav
26、e played in our life?15 .David is such a diligent boy all the teachers like.16 .David is so diligent a boy all the teachers like him.17 .We climbed up a mountain from we had fantastic views.18 .Dongan Nol high school from we will graduate, is a booming and striking school.1.1 It was Johnson,studied
27、very hard,often offered us help.20. Is it the years you worked in the factory have a great effect on your works?21. There are some people faces you cant forget.22. The house the windows face south is our reading room.23. I dont like the way he gave us to solve the problem.24.1 like the way she smile
28、s.25. He would climb the ladder must begin at the bottom.答案:25. Who真题实战1. （2020全国卷III）In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.2. （2020江苏高考）Many lessons are now available online, from students can choose for free.3. （2019全国卷 II ）Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily
29、at the pet shop in Macclesfield, she opened with her late husband Les.4. （2019-rBlIII）They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.5. .（2019浙江高考）011 the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark.6. （2019江苏高考）We have entere
30、d into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.5）只能用which或whom的情况。如果连接词前有介词的时候，连接词通常是which或者whomoTell me the neareast station from which I can take a train to Gui Lin.非限定性定语从句中，连词通常是which或者asAs is often the case, taxi drivers often work late into night.The car broke down on the way, which
31、caused a traffic jam.6）非限定性定语从句which, as的区别。Which打击面小，一般就事论事；as打击面大，有点翻小肠。As is often the case, he was late.如往常一样,他又晚了。（他晚了，这样的事情经常发生，说这次，顺便把所有的事都重提一遍）He was late, which made the teacher angry.他来晚了，让老师很生气。（他来晚了是老师生气的直接原因，就一件事）所以不是有人说的，在开头必须用as,在后面as和which可以互换，两者是完全不能互换的。二.附力口介词 +which/whom定语从句中的相同成份
32、有可能和动词短语、介词短语构成动宾关系，要严格区分介词。I attended a job interview through which I learned that experience is important.There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, of whichfive are mine.He was educated at a local grammar school,after which he went on to Cambridge.He may win the competition,in which case he
33、is likely to get into the national team.三.介连合体where, why, when, whose,如果先行词在从句中做状语用where, why, when或者是先行词所有格形式可以用whose,或者of which the 的形式。I couldnt find a shop where I could buy a tie to match my suit.在从句中，in the shop做地点状语，所以变成in +which二where,但是不是说所有的in+which都等于where, 关键看它在从句中是否充当状语，其实on/ under/abov
34、e/at/beside+which也都可以等于whereoHe told me the reason for which he was late.He told me the reason why he was late.I want a houseof which the windows face south.=1 want a housethe windows of which face south.=1 want a house whose windows face south.一些特殊的先行词出现，连接词有可能用 where,比如：case, situation, company, f
35、ield, atmosphere, degree, point, level等。但不是绝对化，要看它们在从句中是否做状语，如果不是状语，则不能用。1) . Imagine a future_ most adults own individual self-driving vehicles.(where)解析：本句按理说future是一个时间性的词汇，但在高考题中，却是将其抽象为一个“环境”或一 个“程度”，用连词where”。2) .Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full sentences,
36、(where)解析：本句也是将孩子的语言能力水平抽象到已经“能说单个单词但不能说整句”的程度，用“where”。 四.特殊的结构，比如：There is no one but wishes to be rich,没有人不乐意富有的。解析：按理说前面表示的是人，one做先行词可以用who去代指“人”。但是在英语习惯上都是用“none-but, nobut, nothingbut”的搭配习惯，所以将连词换成了 “butWe will have a rest under the tree, from where we can have a wonderful view of the city bel
37、ow.解析：本句应该理解为“从树底下”我们能欣赏城市的美景。完整的原形是“from under the tree”，包含着 双介词的形式，在从句中，将“unde the tree”联合形成连词“where”，再加上“from”，就形成了这样特殊 的从句结构。五.学以致用：1. The bestbooks are the ones open further as time passes.2. These include plants have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water.3. The r
38、easonsomeone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to ones personalhistory and psychological traits.4. Visit the palace and its various historic gardens,include the famous maze(迷宫)it is easy to get lost!5. A student friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and g
39、et good grades.6. The bug could also be a burglar alarm,which comes the expression to bug,that is,“to install(安装)an alarm,.7. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand,it has been by some AI researchers.1.1 come from one of those families you have to yell at the dinner table to get in a wo
40、rd.9. Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference.10. Cancandy*s success grows, so does Moores credibility as a young entrepreneur.11. Tm sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept assistance.12. The first,I take to reading every spring, isErnest Hemingwa
41、ys A Moveable Feast.13. In the weeks followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind provided correct at everystep.14. Thus began a long time the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.15. This is opposed to the nearly bird“ schedule, and is a kind of disorder
42、the individual tends to stay up muchpast midnight.16. Now we have a special offer for 10 days,which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery.17. This is usually interpreted as a sign that todays parents are trying to manage their children lives past the point this behavior isappropria
43、te.ow Ive got to a point in my life I know I am smart enough to dive into an area_ is totallyunknown, hard, but interesting.19. Perhaps you are the only one is interested in listening to the ballgame.20. A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.21. A decade of
44、data breaches （数据侵入）of personal information has led to a situation scammers can easilylearn your mothers name.22. Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface,they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen.23. To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree which a good p
45、erformance by a teamrequires its members to coordinate （协调）their actions.24. As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come tobelieve that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, goingagainst will be like trying to turn the clock back.25.
46、 In addition, most newspapers had little in them would appeal to a mass audience.六.仿写句子：Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.1 ,今（另一个你能实现目标的方法）is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, val
47、ues and strengths.2.9Body movements change（人们的思维）.The next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble.3.9（等我至U家）, I only had a few hours to do my homework.4今（每次光都以新的速度进入到一种介质）, it bends and scatters.5 .今（我第一次听说史蒂芬霍金的时候）, I was moved by his devotion to the research. He lived in a time when the blind couldnt get much education.6 .一度有好多游客到这个小岛来度假。many visitors came to the small island for relaxation.7 .今我相信将来会有一天飞行汽车会在空中飞行而不用司机。 I believeflying cars can be flying in the sky without drivers.8.9（一度）when people may have felt awkward