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1、2023年高考英语一轮复习：定语从句学案一、定语从句定义定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修 饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句放在 先行词的后面。二、定语从句的分类定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。1 .限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的一部分，若去掉，主句的内容 就不完整，意义也会发生改变。从句和先行词的关系十分密切，从句 紧跟先行词，两者之间不可用逗号隔开。2 .非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立 存在；非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切，两者之间用逗 号隔开。三、定语从句的两个基本要素1 .先
2、行词：被定语从句所修饰的词2 .关系词：1）引导定语从句的词（连接）2）代替先行词（指代）3）在从句中充当句子成分（作成分）四、定语从句的基本用法类别引导词句子成分指代关系代词which主、宾物或整个句子that主、宾、表人或物who主、宾人whom声人whose定所属关系，“的”as主、宴、表人、物或整个句子关系副词when时间状语时间where地点状语地点why原因状诘原因that的用法仅在限制性定语从句中使用，既可以指代人又可以指代物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可省略，但不能作介词宾语。下面几种情况必须用that引导定语从句：1） 先行词是不定代词 all, few, li
3、ttle, much, something, nothing, anything 等；2）先行词被 the only, the very, any, every, no, all, few, little, much 等修 饰；3）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰；4）先行词既有人又有物；5）主句的主语是疑问词who或which；6）主句以here, there开头；7）有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词宜用which,另外一个宜用thatowhich的用法1）指代物或一句话，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或介词的宾语。2） “介词+which”引导定语从句的用法who和whom的用法1）who指代人
4、，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，但介词提到关系代词 前，不能用who。在限制性定语从句中who可用that代替。2） whom指代人，在定语从句中作宾语，介词提到关系代词前，只 能用whom。在限制性定语从句中可用who或that代替。1. whose的用法指人或者物，在定语从句中作定语。当从句中含有与先行词有所属关 系的词的时候，我们就用whose引导定语从句，相当于of whom或of which owhen的用法when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“表时间的介词（如： in, at, on, during 等）+which”。2. where的用法where指地点，在定语从句中作地
5、点状语，相当于“表地点的介词（如：in, at, on, under 等）+which”。3. why的用法why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“表原因的介词（如： for） +which”注意： 当先行词为situation, case, stage, point等，且关系词在定语从句中 作状语时，也要用关系副词where引导。 有时为表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from/to 等。 关系副词when, where可用于非限制性定语从句，而关系副词why 不可以。五、定语从句的特殊用法1. as的用法1）用于限制性定语从句。指人或物且在限制性定语从句中作主语
6、、宾 语、表语。常用句型为：such （+名词）+as（像一样的，像之类 的）the same+名词+as.（和同样的）2）用于非限制性定语从句。指代整个主句或主句中的一部分，意为: 正如，像注意：1） as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句或 主句中的一部分内容，关系词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语， as与which均不可省略，有时两者可以互换。2）在非限制性定语从句中，which引导的从句一般在主句之后，而 as引导的从句，可在主句前、主句后，也可插在主句中。3）在非限制性定语从句中，which通常意为“这；这一点；as通 常表示说话人的态度、看法、解释等，意为“正
7、如；就像”。常用 as 的结构： as anybody can see, as we all know, as we expected, as is reported, as has been announced, as is often the case2 .“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中的注意事项“介词+ which”指物，介词+ whom”指人。1） some, any, none, both, all, few, neither, most + of+关系代 词（whom/which）,表示“所有”关系，或“整体与部分”的关系。2） 介词+ whose +名词。3 . the wa
8、y+定语从句当the way作先行词时，从句中缺状语时，用in which或that或省略引 导定语从句定语从句巩定语从句巩练习一、定语从句与高考真题1. （2022新高考 I 卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species live within the Giant Panda Range andsignificantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.2. （2021 .新高考 II 卷）I decided that if I
9、 learned of a company useda lot of plastic, Id send it an email urging it to cut back.3. （2021-1 月浙江）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.4. （2021 天津）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us ofpast mistakes from
10、 we can learn without repeating them.5. （2020 天津）At the Chinese art festival, there are different standsartists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.6. （2020全国HI） In ancient China lived an artist paintings werealmost lifelike.7. （2020新高考全国 I ） The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloa
11、ne, for example , formed the core collection of the British Museum opened in 1759.8. （2020 江苏）If you look at all sides of the situation, youll find probablya solution that（suit） everyone.9. （2019 全国 II） Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at thepet shop in Macclesfield,she opened with he
12、r late husband Les.10. （2019 全国 III） They were well trained by their masters hadgreat experience with caring for these animals.11. （2019d匕京）The students benefiting most from college are thoseare totally engaged（参与）in academic life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources（资源）.12.
13、（2019天津）Their child is at the stage she can say individualwords but not full sentences.13. （2019 江苏）We have entered into an age dreams have thebest chance of coming true.14. （2019 浙江）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of clothgives off light in the dark.15. （2018全国 II） The Chinese Ministry
14、of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government started a soil-testing programgives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.16. （2018浙江）Many westerners come to China cook muchless than in their own countries once they realize how
15、 cheap it can be to eat out.二、单句填空1. The old man turned his business over to his younger son,made his elder son discouraged.2. I will never forget such a beautiful village I spent my childhoodwith my grandparents.3. There they met people from other parts of the country,had also volunteered to help.4
16、. There are many good websites you can check out the latest in thescience world.5. The system,can be the most advanced in many ways, will be the largest earthquake observation network in the world.6. He decided to go to Stanford because there were many opportunities for people wanted to work in Sili
17、con Valley.7. His interest started a few years ago,he was in college and studying wildlife science.8. Then Needham began his lifelong research,ended up creating the greatest work-Science and Civilisation in China.9. This woman has set a good example to her son, is a really lucky guy.10. Over the yea
18、rs, I have met some interesting people. Two of the most interesting people were two elderly sisters, Joan and Bernice,way of talking about people inspired me.三、语法填空There was a time 1.I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this was the reason 2.my father forced me to join
19、in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club, 3.I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately， my guide, 4.teacher was Yu Minhong, communicated with me face to face. He, f
20、rom 5.I gained some useful instructions, also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.we did. I should be grateful to my father and theguide, 7. enc
21、ouraged me to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into 8.I put my entire energy. Every day I read my words and passages aloud. In class I join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I recall the passages, through 9.I can memorize a large number of new words.
22、 10.our English teacher says, As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance， you will conquer English sooner or later.”四、写作运用翻译下列句子。（指向应用文与续写 标注）1 .我们周围的一切都被遮住了，这无疑增加了我们的困难,让我们更加无助。续写2 .这是我读过的最美的诗。应用文参考答案：一、主谓一致与高考1. that 2. that/ which 3. which/ that 4. which 5.
23、where 6. whose7. which/ that 8. suits 9. which 10. who 11. who 12. where13. when 14. that/ which 15. that/ which 16. who/ that二、单句填空1. which2. which3. where4. who5. where6. which7. who/that7. when9. who3. where4. whose5. whom6. which/that8. which 10. whose1. when7. whowhich10. As8. which四、写作运用our1. Everything around us is covered, which undoubtedly increases difficulties and makes us more helpless.2. This is the most beautiful poem that I have ever read.