2023届高考复习资料【考前技能篇1】 听力理解的解题技巧.docx

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1、【考前技能篇1】Parti对话题三大方法方法一:阅读问题和选项,寻找潜在信息听力测试中的信息是由录音信息和书面信息两部分组成的。录音信息是选择、判断正确答案的依据。 是听力考试的核心部分。书面信息则根据录音信息的内容设计编排,并对其中的关键信息点进行相应的提 问。在问题和书面三个选择项中寻找潜在的信息(即与录音信息相联系的有关内容),从而更好地回答录 音信息提出的问题,是听力测试的重要技巧之一。1 .预测的两大作用预测有什么作用?其一,“缩小”捕捉目标的范围;其二,朝着要搜寻的目标“定向,有的放矢地去获取听力信息。许多同学都有这样的体会:一篇听力材料听了一遍又一遍还是听不懂。但是如果在听音前教

2、师把听力 材料的主要内容及其关键词汇向大家介绍一下,听音的效果就大不相同,这种情况下同学们就几手全能听 懂了。这是什么原因呢?道理就在于前者的听音是被动的,是在大脑对某个方面的信息完全没有准备的情况 下进行的,对出现的关键信息往往来不及反应;而后者的听音却是主动的,在听音前大脑已将信息的范围缩 小到一定程度,并对某项关键信息进行定向,这样在录音信息出现的瞬间,大脑可以从容地进行接受、分 析、判断、选择等一系列思维活动。听力考试中不可能将有关内容事先告诉大家。但预测可以起到类似的 作用。因此,在听音前我们应先从书面选项中获取一些与听力原文有联系的潜在信息,如对话的题型、文 章的大概内容、可能会提

3、出的问题及可能出现的词汇等,就如同提前介绍了文章或对话的部分内容一样。 这对提高听音质量,从而快速、准确地选择正确答案无疑是十分有益的。2 .预测的时机高考英语听力测试是初级的听力测试。在考试过程中,每道小题都提供5秒钟的时间供考生阅读问题 及选项,并进行预测。需要指明的是,利用考前的试音部分来阅读问题、选项并进行预测是一种错误的做法。我们知道,听 力考试之前的试音部分非常重要,它可以帮助考生尽快熟悉听力材料两个朗诵者的语音、语调和语速,使 考生缓解紧张的情绪,迅速进入听音状态。所以,考生利用试音部分的有限时间阅读问题 及选项是得不偿失的做法。3 .预测的方法1)根据对话的特点进行预测对话是交

4、际语言,离不开一定的语青环境和在此种环境中必然要交流的信息。例如:在医院,医生与 病人之间一般谈论健康、治疗、药物等问题;在学校,老师和学生之间一般谈论学习、作业、考试等问题; 在机场、服务员与旅客之间一般谈论航班、起飞时间等问题。知道了对话所处的环境,就能对要交流的信 息进行预测:反之,根据对话者交流的信息也可以推断人物之间的关系或对话的环境。这就是根据交际语 言的特点进行预测的方法,一般用于职业、地点类型的试题。【例1】Q.Where docs this conversation most probably take place?【例23】Never before have 1 heard

5、 Mr Wang sing such beautiful songs. 此句含义为:我从来没有听到壬先生唱过如此动听的歌【例24It is impossible for him to write out such good composition.此句含义为:文寸他采说,写出这样好的文章是不可能的Part2独白题核心技巧:听记结合,眼耳并用能否记忆刚听完的录音对正确解题至关重要。有的同学谈到听力考试时说:听时清楚,问时糊涂”。- 听憧没记住,记住没考到”。这些问题概括起来就是对听力原文的短期记忆力不强,其原因主要是平时缺少 记忆能力的训练。此外,由于独白信息量大,要记住全文的内容确实也不是件容

6、易的事在高考听力测试 中,为了有效记忆所接收的听力信息,需要一定的方法和技巧。本节将根据独白的特点和出题规律,介绍2 种方法。1、上边听录音,边看答案,听到什么选什么!独白听力选项的正确答案往往与听力原文一致(或基本一致)。此外,每篇独白后的34个问题一般是 按照独白叙述的先后顺序提出来的,例外情况存在,但是相对较少。根据独白出题的这两个特三。我们可 以采取边听录音边看答案,听到什么选什么的办法来解决对听力原文的记忆问题。对听力较差的同学来说。 这是一种切实可行的方法。应用这种方法解题时需注意以下几点:1)独白中出现时间、地点、人物、数字等具体事实时,要按照叙述的前后次序,前面听到前面记。后

7、面听到后面记,不能错位。例如在人物传记的独白中先后出现了人物的出生、毕业和从事某项工作的儿个 年月,如果第一题的选择项就是有关R期的、那只能以最先听到的出生年月为准,而不能把后面听到的选 上,否则往往就会出现错位。2)对概括全文中心思想、主题句或标题的选项不要急于去选。待听完全文后,概括综合全文,比较重 复率较高的词汇,再作判定。3)听完全文后,应根据提问对所选择的内容做进一步审核,看答案与提问是否一致。有时只凭听音还 不能确定选择项,需根据提问才能最后确定。4)在选择项与叙述的先后顺序不一致时,切不可生搬硬套.要根据试题的实际情况灵活处理。2、用简单的符号记录独白要点为了克服“听时清楚,问时

8、糊涂”的问题,我们在听音时可利用简单的符号来记录独白文章中出现的信息 点。待提问时,凭借这些符号来回忆所听的内容,从而做出正确的选择。英文速记是快速、准确记录独白的有效方法。但是由于绝大多数同学没有学这种方法,因此我们只有用简 单的符号学母来记录。这里听说的符号有几个要求:一是书写简便、快速;二是能了解单词的含义,起到提 示作用;三是自己能够识别。可以根据句意创造一些符号,也可用字母、缩略语或数字来代替单词。Part3独白题四大题型突破技巧独白的体裁和内容是相当广泛的,但用于高考听力考试的独白体裁主要有故事、人物传记、叙述。讲 座等。每种体裁不仅表达的内容有所不同,语言特点不同,提问的侧重点也

9、有区别。要听好独白,首先要 熟悉独白常见的体裁,并根据每种体裁的语言待点确立正确的解题思路。1、Topic 题型Topic题型在高考听力独白题中比较常见。它作为概括性题型,通常在独白听力中第一个 出现。Topic题型比较典型的提问方式有:What is the topic of the passage?What is the main subject/idea of the passage?What is the passage mainly talking about?Topic题型主要考查应试者对一段独白的中心思想的把握,即对.主题的内容是否有基本的了解。这类题 目都具有鲜明的英文写作的结

10、构特点。在结构上,这类独白就是中国学生非常熟悉的总一分一总结构,即段首总括提出观点,中间具体论证 说明观点,结尾用结论扣题,与开头的观点相呼应。段首部分可以看作整个独白的龙头。它或是开门见山地点题、或是刚上课时的自我介绍、总与独白的 主要观点及讨论问题相关。中间使用若干个事例或道理对观点进行丰富、细致、翔实的说明。这部分是独白的主干所在,也是考 点出现最多的地方。结尾对整首独白文章进行总结。这部分因为处于最后,所以一般发音清楚、便于记忆。听好结尾同样 可以帮助把握整篇独白的中心所在。下配请看几个例子者例1 2020全国1卷Hello, Im Jeff Anderson from Coventr

11、y, England. And in todays program, Id like to share with you a special kind of English culture the football. A lot of people in England are crazy about football. During the football season whenever there is a big match, all the flags for local football teams, such as Liverpool and Newcastle, are hun

12、g outside every window, or even spread proudly on T-shirts or scarves. There is an atmosphere of excitement in the air. Groups of young men crowd into dark, packed pubs staring at television screens. Of course they are covered head to toe in the colors of their team. They shout and scream in sadness

13、 when their team loses a goal, or with joy when there is a moment of success. You do not have to be a fan of football to get caught up in the excitement. As far as victories arc concerned, England had its big moment in 1966 in Wembley Stadium. The World Cup victory is in (he hearts and minds of all

14、football fans. Now, whenever England is playing a big match, red and white covers every inch of every pub, a symbol of hope the English flag. While football has never been something I am particularly interested in, fbr years, Pve had to pretend excitement and pick a team to support. You cannot say y

15、ou don,t like or do not follow football in England, as often this would lead to a long dialogue in which someone would begin telling you why you should support their team.此简即为一篇典型的topic题型,从首句即可明确地听到topic这一关键词及文章主题a special kind of English culture the football.,全文即围绕此展开。17. Where is Jeff from?B. Cove

16、ntry.C. Newcastle.A. Liverpool.18. Where do young men go to watch big games according to Jeff?A. Pubs.B. Stadiums.C. Friends homes.19. Why docs Jeff have to pick a team to support?A. To avoid being bothered.B. To open a conversation.C. To earn respect from others.20. What does Jeff mainly talk about

17、?A. Englands moment of success.B. English flag as a symbol of hope.C. Englands all-time favourite sport.【答案】BAAC【附全文翻译】你好,我是来自英国考文垂的杰夫安德森。在今天的节目中,我想和你分享一种特殊的英国文化足 球,在英国,很多人都喜欢足球。在足球赛季中,每当有一场大比赛,当地足球队的所有旗帜,如利物 浦和纽卡斯尔,都挂在窗外,甚至骄傲地在T恤或围巾上传播。空气中有一种兴奋的气氛。一群年轻人 挤进黑暗拥挤的酒吧,盯着电视屏幕。当然,他们从头到脚都是他们团队的颜色。当他们的团队失去一

18、 个目标时,他们悲伤地大喊大叫,或者当有成功的时刻时,他们高兴地尖叫。你不必是足球迷就能被兴奋 所吸引。就胜利而言,1966年英格兰在温布利体育场有一个重要的时刻。世界杯的胜利在所有球迷心中。 现在,每当英格兰比赛时,红色和白色覆盖着每一酒吧,这是希望的象征英国国旅。虽然足球从来不 是我特别感兴趣的事情,多年来,我不得不假装兴奋,挑选一支球队来支持。你不能说你不喜欢英格兰足 球,因为这往往会导致一个漫长的对话,其中有人会开始告诉你为什么你应该支持他们的球队。例2 2020全国2卷3卷Hello, everyone. Today Im going to talk about small talk

19、. Thal is short conversations people often have with strangers they meet. Such strangers occur at bus stops, on buses, while waiting in line almost anywhere (hat strangers gather close together. As a matter of fact, these short conversations are a good way for people to say hello and express friendl

20、iness. Such conversations usually cover a wild range of topics. The topics may include weather, customer service, movies, TV shows, local sports or the latest news. But you should always keep it in your mind that private questions about salaries, family life, religious belief and politics should be

21、avoided during these conversations. Sounds better to ask open-ended questions. If you ask visitors, uDo you like our city? They may say simply Yes!” On the other hand, if you ask, “What do you think of our city?”, they would have more freedom in answering. This kind of question also shows that youre

22、 interested in them. If you appear interested in what people are saying, they feel more comfortable talking with you.此文开头句“Today Tm going to talk about small talk.”即很明显点出主题:small talk (简短谈话),全文围绕 此词展开, 听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17. Who would like to make small talk according to the speaker?A. Relatives.B. S

23、trangers.C. Visitors.18. Why do people have small talk?A. Tb express opinions. B. To avoid arguments. C. To show friendliness.19. Which of the following is a frequent topic in small talk?A. Politics.B. Movies.C. Salaries.20. What does the speaker recommend at (he end of his lecture?A. Asking open-en

24、ded questions.B. Feeling free to change topics.C. Making small talk interesting.【答案】BCBA【附全文翻译】大家好。今天我要谈谈闲聊。这是人们经常与陌生人进行的简短交谈。这种陌生人出现在公共汽车站, 在公共汽车上,而排队儿乎在任何陌生人聚集在一起的地方。事实上,这些简短的对话是人们打招呼和表 达友好的好方式。这样的谈话通常涉及各种各样的话题。主题可能包括天气、客户服务、电影、电视节 目、当地体育或最新新闻。但你应该永远记住,在这些谈话中,应该避免关于工资、家庭生活、宗教信仰 和政治的私人问题。听起来最好问一些开放

25、式的问题。如果你问游客,“你喜欢我们的城市吗?他们可能 只说“是的! ”另一方面,如果你问,“你觉得我们的城市怎么样?”,他们会有更多的回答自由。这种问题 也表明你对它们感兴趣。如果你对别人说的话感兴趣,他们会觉得和你说话更舒服。2、Announcement 题型Announcement题型,顾名思义,主要是一系列车站或机场的到站广播、短新闻、路况信息,甚至包括 天气预报和电话用言。此类题型主要考查考生对独白中具体信息点(时间、数字等)的捕捉。在近几年的 高考全国卷中,Announcement题型都有出现,所以我们必须给予足够的重视。在阅读问题和选项的过程中,就可以发现这类题目的考查重点.主要

26、是时间、数字等。集中注意力。运 用辩别时间数字的方法,结合必要的笔录工作,Announcement题型还是比较容易应对的。【例3】2020山东卷第一次Good morning, everybody. Before wc start the class today, I need to give you some information about our field trip on the 27th of May. As you know, were spending the day at The Science Museum in London. A coach will pick us u

27、p in the school car park. Well leave at 8 oclock, so plan to be there at least fifteen minutes before that, 7:45 at the latest. Youd belter set your alarms for 6:30, okay? If youve visited The Science Museum before, youll know that its enormous, and we cant possibly see everything in one day. The We

28、lcome Wing has three galleries which deal only with contemporary science. Were going to have a guided tour of one of them. Weve ordered lunch at the cafe, so well all meet up there a( 12:30. And dont be late. We have to go to the cinema at 1:15.1 think thats all for now. Oh, one last thing. Check ou

29、t The Science Museum website before wc go. The more you read about it, the more interesting the visit will be.此文为课前通知实习安排。这一类型极为固定,无非是时间、目的地、注意事项、安全措施等,关键 之处还是时间和数字Who is the speaker?A. A guide. B. A teacher. C. A coach.17. When will the students leave for the museum?A. 6:30. B. 7:45. C. 8:00.18. Wh

30、at will the students do at 1:15?A. See a film. B. Meet at a cafe. C. Visit a gallery.19. Where can the students find more information?A. From teachers. B. From a website. C. From a book.【答案】BCAB【附全文翻译】大家好。今天我要谈谈闲聊。这是人们经常与陌生人进行的简短交谈。这种陌生人出现在公共汽车站, 在公共汽车上,而排队几乎在任何陌生人聚集在一起的地方。事实上,这些简短的对话是人们打招呼和表 达友好的好方

31、式。这样的谈话通常涉及各种各样的话题。主题可能包括天气、客户服务、电影、电视节 目、当地体育或最新新闻。但你应该永远记住,在这些谈话中,应该避免关于工资、家庭生活、宗教信仰 和政治的私人问题。听起来最好问些开放式的问题。如果你问游客,“你喜欢我们的城市吗? “他们可能 只说“是的! ”另一方面,如果你问,“你觉得我们的城市怎么样? “,他们会有更多的I可答自由。这种问题 也表明你对它们感兴趣。如果你对别人说的话感兴趣,他们会觉得和你说话更舒服。3、story 题型故事一般以虚构或真实经历的情节描述人们的经历或生活趣闻。它短小精悍、鲜明生动、诙谐幽默、 易于提问,是常用的短篇听力材料。我们知道,

32、时间、地点、人物和事件是构成故事的四大要素。因此,when, where, who及whal,时, how也就是故事的考查要点。故事的来龙去脉、情节的发展与故事的结局更是考题中必问的内容。让我们 先看两篇小故事,从中体会它的语言特点和提问的要点。【例4】2019天津卷AWell, Fm going to talk about a trip I made across Australia. The transport I used was a motorbike. I didnt want to use public transport because I wanted to be indepe

33、ndent. I had a months holiday, and I made the trip with a friend, a Chinese girl, because I was frightened of travelling alone. I met her at a language school where we studied English together. We traveled along the south coast and saw some of the desert. The bad things about the journey were the ra

34、in and the heat, because (hey made us tired. Yet I have great memories of the trip because i felt really free. We could go where we liked. Some of the interesting places we visited were very difficult to reach on publictransport. The motorbike had quite a powerful engine. It was fast and exciting. A

35、lso the trip was quite cheap. Best of all, we met a lot of friendly people on the way.此文“我穿越澳大利亚的旅行故事。我们还是要从四大要素人手,抓住中心意思,把握文章的时间发展, 理清故事的脉络。听下面一段独白,回答第12至第15小题。12. How did the speaker travel in Australia?C. By motorbike.C. Along the south coast.A. By plane.B. By coach.13. Where did the speaker meet

36、 the Chinese girl?A. Near a gas station. B. At a language school.14. What made the speaker tired during the trip?A. The desert.B. The weather.C. The transport.15. What does the speaker like best about the trip?B. Having visited interesting places.A. Having met a lot of friendly people.C. Having take

37、n the trip for free.【答案】CBBA【附全文翻译】我要谈谈我穿越澳大利亚的旅行。我用的是摩托车。我不想使用公共交通工具,因为我想独立。我 有一个月的假期,我和一个朋友,一个中国女孩一起旅行,因为我害怕独自旅行。我在一所语言学校认识 她,在那里我们一起学习英语。我们沿着南岸旅行,看到了一些沙漠。旅途中的坏事是雨和热,因为它 们让我们累了。然而,我对这次旅行有很大的回忆,因为我感到非常自由。我们可以去我们喜欢的地方。 我们参观过的一些有趣的地方在公共交通上很难到达。这辆摩托车有相当强大的发动机。它又快又刺激。 而且这次旅行相当便宜。最重要的是,我们在路上遇到了很多友好的人。从上

38、例我们可以发现故事体裁具有如下主要特点:1)经常将不定的时间、或虚构的、不确定的人物置于故事的开头,考生听到开头的一两句话,便可确定文 章的体裁为故事。2)经常通过人物的语言来交代事情的经过、情节的发展和人物的思想活动。这些语言对理解故事的情节和 人物的思想感情起了很重要的作用,因此也就常常成为考查与提问的重点。3)故事不仅仅向听者讲述已经发生的事情,更重要的是通过丰富的想象力和一些不同寻常的情节给人留下 风趣幽默和耐人寻味之处,这就是故事的内涵,也常常是最后一个问题的提问内容。4、Biography 题型即人物传记题型。此类独白文章主要是对真人真事的记叙(这是与故事题材的最大区别),大多是一

39、些 中外历史上杰出的政治家、科学家、文学艺术家的生平事迹和事业成就,也有一些普通人物的成长历程、 特殊经历和业绩。人物传记经常应用介绍性的写作方式,将记叙人物的姓名、出生年月、出生地点以及社会评价置于文 章的开头,以引起人们的注意。此外人物传记般用记叙的语言讲述人物的经历,较少有情节的描写或人 物的对话。此类题型的考点在于传记人物的生卒年月、主要活动、主要业绩、功过是非以及社会评价等。 考生应在平时积累一定的背景知识,了解国外历史上一些著名的科学家、政界要人、文化名人的生平业绩。人物传记类的内容可以是主人翁自己以演讲报告的形式来陈述,类似“自传”;也可以是以第三者的角度 来陈述。【例5】20例

40、全国2卷3卷Hello, everybody. Today Id like to share with you something about John Audubon. John was bom on April 26th, 1785. He spent much of his childhood in France, where he spent many hours each day outdoors painting pictures. At the age of 18, he moved to the United Slates. Well, actually, John began

41、 his life in the US as a businessman.However, instead of taking care of his business, John was often off exploring the nature. Al first, John spent his time hunting for fun.Then he found (hat the animals around were very beautiful, and he particularly enjoyed observing the birds he saw. He began stu

42、dying them, trying to leani the differences between the birds and noticing their different behaviors.Therefore, he painted the birds he observed a lot. In 1819, John realized that he didnt have enough money to pay his bills.He was very upset that he couldnt earn enough money to support his family, s

43、o he spent time improving his painting skills and began to sell his paintings. He discovered that he could earn some money while doing something he really enjoyed. Were lucky now to have so many paintings of American birds by John Audubon.此文中心内容是 John Audubon 的职业生涯。其中 Today Id like to share with you

44、 something about John Audubon.在句首极为明显,抓住这一点即可掌握全文脉络。一个知名人物不外乎童年、家庭、情感、著作 等。听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17. What did John enjoy doing in his childhood?A. Touring France.B. Playing outdoors.18. What did John do after he moved to the US?A. He did business.B. He studied biology.19. Why did John go hunting?A. For

45、food.B. For pleasure.20. What is the subject of Johns works?A. American birds.B. Natural scenery.【答案】CABAC. Painting pictures.C. He worked on a farm.C. For money.C. Family life.【附全文翻译】大家好。今天我想和大家分享一些关于约翰奥杜邦的事情。约翰出生于1785年4月26日。他童年的大 部分时间都在法国度过,在那里他每天花很多小时在户外画画。他18岁时移居美国。嗯,实际上,约翰 在美国开始了他作为商人的生活。然而,约翰没

46、有照顾他的生意,而是经常去探索大自然。起初,约翰花时间寻找乐趣。然后他发现周围的动物很漂亮,他特别喜欢观察他看到的鸟。他开始研究它们,试图了解鸟类之间的差 异,并注意到它们的不同行为。因此,他画了很多他观察到的鸟。在1819年,约翰意识到他没有足够的钱来支付他的账单。他很难过,因为他赚不到足够的钱来养活他的家人,所以他花了时间提高他的绘画技能,并开始出售他的 绘画。他发现他可以在做他真正喜欢做的事情时赚点钱。我们现在很幸运,约翰奥杜邦为美国鸟类画了 这么多画。例6 2018全国1卷Thank you very much. Thank you Dr. Johnson. Well, it is r

47、eally great to be back at university again. The thing that I want to tell you today is this: education is important. When I came to the U.S., I was only thinking about being a carpenter, but I could not read the newspaper and I could not understand (he news on television or movies or anything like t

48、his, so I entered the city college to take English classes for foreign students. I was very proud that i was going to a college because no one in my family ever went to any college or to any university. You know, when you are 15 years old in my country, you finish school and then you learn a trade. And thats exactly what I did. When I was 15 years old, I learned how to be a carpenter. A year later, I came to America. Luckily, I met a very good teacher who encouraged me to take some math classes, business classes and history classes and

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