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1、Chongyi No.3 Middle School Li Dexiang 主旨大意主旨大意类类 该该类类题题型型在在历历年年中中考考出出现现的的频频率率很很高高，难难度度系系数数较较大大。它它考考查查了了考考生生综综合合、概概括括、归归纳纳和和分分析析问问题题的的能能力力，要要求求考考生生通通过过对对文文章章的的阅阅读读，迅迅速把握文章或段落的主速把握文章或段落的主题题中心。中心。归纳主旨大意归纳主旨大意:主要包括主题思想、写作意图、文章的题目等主要包括主题思想、写作意图、文章的题目等常常见见的提的提问问方式有：方式有：(1）What is the main idea of the pass
2、age?(2)The writer wrote the passage in order to_.(3)Which of the following expresses the main idea?(4)The passage is mainly about _.(5)The best title for the passage is _.(6)Which of the following is the best title?主旨大意题主要考查对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解主旨大意题主要考查对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。因此，在做能力。寻找主题句往往
3、是做好此类题的关键。因此，在做题时，要注意每段的主题句。抓住主题句，就不难确定文题时，要注意每段的主题句。抓住主题句，就不难确定文章的中心思想。章的中心思想。寻找主题句的方法：1.认真阅读文章的首尾段或每段的首尾句子。主题句一般在段首或段尾段首或段尾，有时也在中间中间。2.文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词主题词。How to Dealing with the Problems on Reading Comprehension主旨大意题主旨大意题 （做题要领）1.干扰项干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。2.干扰项干
4、扰项 可能属从文中某些可能属从文中某些(不完全的不完全的)事事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。实或细节片面推出的错误结论。3.干扰项干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(正确答案正确答案)是根据文章意思全面是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。言过其实或以偏概全。阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练Basic Training-主旨大意题主旨大意题 【2013江西】B 1.Nathan Sawayas childhood was a lot of fun.He drew cartoons,wrote s
5、tories,and played with plastic toy bricks(积木).His grandparents bought his first set of toy bricks when he was five years old and hes been building with toy bricks ever since.He even took his building bricks to college with him!Instead of books and a computer,he had a model of Greenwich Village made
6、of bricks on his desk.2.Nathan started as a lawyer but gave up His highly-paid(高薪的)job to become an artist that uses toys in his art.3.Nathans work has appeared in museums around the world.4.Im proud that I took a dream I had as a child,to become an artist,and I have actually made a job out of it,sa
7、ys Nathan.To do what you love in life is the most important thing.72.What would be the best title for the passage?A.The Brick Artist B.The Brick Exhibition C.Toy Bricks for Adults D.The Artists Childhood【2013江西】1.Should we be afraid of sharks?Maybe not.New research into the reasons for shark attacks
8、(攻击)suggests that sharks dont like the way humans taste!In fact,most people who are attacked by the shark are still alive after receiving only one bite(咬).Why is this?2.There are many opinions to explain why sharks sometimes attack people.3.Scientists also say that sharks would not waste energy tryi
9、ng to eat a human,as we have a lot of bones(骨头)4.Another opinion is that sharks attack humans by mistake.Some sharks may sometimes mistake humans for a seal.5.Whatever the reason for shark attacks on humans,sharks should be afraid of us.Sadly,we kill almost 40 million of them each year.【2013江西】C76.W
10、hat would the author write the passage mainly for?A.To tell surfers to stay away from sharks.B.To ask people to stop killing sharks.C.To let us know the reasons for shark attacks on people.D.To show that humans are much stronger than sharks.【2013江西】1.At East China University of Science and Technolog
11、y,students will get a coupon(优惠券)if they eat up their food.2.Students can collect coupons and exchange them for small gifts,such as books,magazines,mobile phone covers and hand warmers.Its been such a surprise,.3.The measure is part of a national eat-up campaign(行动).4.Why only on campuses,you might
12、ask?.5.The campaign.6.The aim of the.7.But some school food is poorly prepared,so students do not like to finish it all.8.“Im glad that weve reduced food waste since the eat-up campaign began.But if we call on students to waste less food,we should also improve the service and food standard on campus
13、es.”70.The best title for this passage may be _.A.Enjoy Your Food!B.Reduce Waste on Campus C.Meals in Universities.D.Eat-up Campaign on Campus【2013福州】1.In nature,you may see many insects(昆虫）and animals of different colors.Have you ever wondered why?2.Locusts are super delicious food for birds,but it
14、 is not always an easy job for birds to catch them.3.Brown bears,tigers and other animals move quietly through forests.4.However,insects with colors different from plants can easily be found and eaten by others.So in order to survive,they have to hide themselves in the daytime and appear only at nig
15、ht.【2013广东】65.What is the main ides of this passage?A.Some insects and animals have different skills.B.Some insects and animals are clever than we think.C.Some insects and animals use colors to protect themselves.D.Some insects and animals can get used to the environment easily.1.Earth Day is on Apr
16、il 22nd.People say thanks to the Earth and learn ways to keep the Earth safe and clean.But saying the Earth is not just for grow-ups.Kids are also taking an active part in it.2.The American writer and filmmaker Lynne made a film called Young Voices for the Planet.It lists a lot of stories about diff
17、erent kids who help to keep our environment clean 3.Team Marine,US A group of students an Santa Monica High School started an organization called Team Marine 4.Felix,15 Germany In 2007,a 9-year-old boy,Felix,started a club.5.Alec,17,us When he was 12,Alec set up Kids VS Global(全球的)Warming.6.Olivia,1
18、3,US When Olivia was 11,she heard about the 2010 oil spill(漏油)in gulf of Mexico.She painted 500 pictures of birds to raise money for the clean-up.She raised more than$200,000 to protect(保护)birds and other wild animals.2013 重庆()65.The passage is mainly talk about how _.A.kids are saving the Earth B.p
19、arents are planting trees C.students are raising money D.grow-ups are using plastics bags新思维新思维P111 （五）（五）难易度：中等难易度：中等 词数：词数：206时间：时间：68分钟分钟 正确率：？正确率：？/4阅读阅读技巧：技巧：1.扫扫读：如找出人物、如找出人物、时间、地点、数字、地点、数字等。等。2.略略读：也是一种快速也是一种快速阅读，目的是，目的是读取文取文章的主旨大意。章的主旨大意。3.细读：细读是完全是完全阅读，目的包括（，目的包括（1）确定中心思想及确定中心思想及标题；（；（2）了解用以）了解用以阐述述中心思想的事中心思想的事实及及细节；（；（3）对作者的暗作者的暗示或示或隐含思想含思想进行判断、推理、引申；行判断、推理、引申；（4）根据上下文猜）根据上下文猜测词义。Thank You