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1、_高考英语阅读理解解题技巧之主旨大意题阅读理解之主旨大意题.每日经典谚语和句型背诵与仿写1.Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事，只怕有心人。2.as.as possible=.as.as one can 尽可能活学活用仿照上述句型，翻译下列句子。(1)我们应该尽可能地多读书。_(2)政府部门必须尽快采取行动保护河流被污染。_We should read as many books as possible./ We should read as many books as we can.The governme
2、nt must take actions to prevent the river from being polluted as soon as possible.阅读理解之主旨大意题我们阅读一篇文章， 首先是要了解其大意， 明确其主旨。因此， 主旨大意题是常考题。主旨大意题包括：主要内容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。广东高考近几年来考查过的题目中mainly about只考过4题，title题考了5题， purpose题考了5题。解题技巧1.弄清文章的大意， 关键是找到主题句。主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末
3、或首尾呼应， 有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。2.找主题句的方法：用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。找主题句的四个小窍门：(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时， 该句很可能是主题句。(2)首段出现疑问句时， 对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。(3)作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨;反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。(4)表示总结或结
4、论的话常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。3.关于干扰项和正确答案。(1)干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节;可能属文中某些 (不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论;可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(2)正确答案：是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的;但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。4.在阅读理解中，主旨大意题常有以下几种命题方式：(1)Main idea型：选择项多为陈述句，要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的句子。题干多为如下形式：Whats the main idea/point of the passage?The pas
5、sage is mainly about_.The passage is mainly concerned about_.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage?In this passage the author discusses primarily_.The subject discussed in this text is_.The
6、general/main idea of the passage is about_.(2)Main purpose型：选择项多为动宾结构，要求考生找到主要的写作目的，常见以下几种题干形式：Whats the purpose of the passage?The passage is meant to_.The purpose of the article is to_.In this passage the writer tries to tell us that_.The passage tells us that_.The authors main purpose in writing
7、the passage is to .(3)标题型：选择文章标题是另一类对主旨大意题考查的形式，命题形式：The best title of the passage is_.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?The best title for the passage is_.The most appropriate title of the passage is_.In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal.
8、This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.典型例析From my wheelchair experience, I
9、 see the best in people.Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness.But only when we stoppretending were brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness thats in them.30.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.A Wheelchair Experience.B.Weakness and Kindn
10、ess.C.Weakness and Strength.D.A Driving Experience解析：主旨大意题。在第一段中，出现了表转折的But.可知，“But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people”便是主题句，再根据第二段最后一句可以确定，这句的确是主题句。又因标题要简明、醒目，故选B。答案：BIn a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional bus
11、iness model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的)ways. That means growth with low carbon o
12、r development of sustainableproducts.In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries.In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.45.What is the main pu
13、rpose of the passage?A.To introduce a new business model.B.To compare two business models.C.To predict a change of the global market.D.To advocate sustainable development.解析：主旨大意题。在第一段中，出现了转折的Actually，其后的“People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed，and that we must be able to de
14、velop in sustainable(可持续的)ways”是主题句，随后的两句话都是对这一句进行解释;句中两个must清楚表明了作者“提倡可持续发展”，第二段首句“Today，sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries”进一步说明，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是“提倡可持续发展”。故选D。答案：DAlthough the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong wi
15、th the sentence except that it is little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, its nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really
16、 dont care all that much. While the expression may not oftenbe sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.30.What is the best title of the passage?A.Have a Nice Day a Social CustomB.Have a Nice Day a Pleasant GestureC.Have a Nice Day a Heartwarming Gree
17、tingD.Have a Nice Day a Polite Ending of a Conversation解析：主旨大意题。由该段的第一句(特别是custom一词)可知。答案：A(2013年高考)Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.Children know this very well. Fred Epstein，in his book If I Make It to Five，tells a story he heard from one of friend
18、s about Tom，a fouryearold boy with a cancer in his back bone.He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imaginationIt doesnt mean that you should dress as a superhero for you next job interview. But，next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it w
19、ould take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So，let your imagination run wild，and dare to dream.30.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To tell us an interesting story.B.To help us make right decisions.C.To advise us to care
20、about children.D.To encourage us to use our imagination.解析：主旨大意题。由文章首句Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear和全文末句So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励我们运用我们的想象力。答案：D(2013年高考)Some people think that success is only for those wi
21、th talent or those who grow up in the right family，and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. Im not going to say luck，talent，and circumstances dont come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence，and thats just
22、 the reality of how life is.However，to succeed in life，one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And，in addition to that，in order to generally good at something，one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing. To become great at certain things，itll req
23、uire even more time，time that most people wont put in.Whatever you do，if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out，almost to the point of addiction，and over a long period of time. If youre not willing to put in the time and work，dont expect to receive any rewards.35.What is
24、 the main theme of the passage?A.Having a goal is vital to success.B.Being good is different from being great.C.One cannot succeed without time and practice.D.Luck，talent and family help to achieve success.解析：主旨归纳题。由第二段开头的However可知，本文的中心论题不是第一段而在第二段to succeed in life, one first needs to. needs to.，再
25、结合最后一段第一句if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time，可知本文的主题思想不花时间、不去实践是不可能取得成功的。答案：C1.Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents
26、 and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families. Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago. Now they are comfortable andcommon. And parent child activiti
27、es, from shopping to sports, involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue into adulthood.The purpose of the passage is to_.A.describe the difficulties todays parents have met withB.discuss the development of the parent child relationshipC.suggest the ways to handle the parentchild rel
28、ationshipD.compare todays parentchild relationship with that in the past解析：主旨大意题。由全文内容可知，特别是由“the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow”等关键词句，进行时就是一个过程，可见本文主要是讨论父母与孩子之间的关系的发展过程。答案：B2.Sometimes youll hear people say that you cant love others until you love yourself. Sometimes y
29、oull hear people say that you cant expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, youve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that were the apple of our parents eyes, and that our Grandmas think were great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that w
30、e will go to the Olympics, but sometimes its a lot harder to thinksuch nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge. it is time you build a positive self image and learn to love yourself.The best way to defeat a passive self image is to step back and decide to
31、 stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day. Dont allow doubts to occur in it.The best way to get rid of a negative selfimage is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positi
32、ve qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive selfimage. When you can pat(拍)yourself on the back, youll know youre well on your way. Good luck!What is the passage mainly about?A.How to prepare for your success.B.How
33、to face challenges in your life.C.How to build a positive selfimage.D.How to develop your good qualities.解析：主旨大意题。反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。第1段最后一句中有“build a positive selfimage”，第3段首句的“the best way to defeat a passive selfimage is to.”，最后一段的首句“The best way to get rid of a negative selfimage is to.”都是说明如
34、何肯定自我形象的。因此选C。答案：C3.How should one invest a sum of money in these clays of inflation(通货膨胀)? Left in a bank it will hardly keep its value, however high the interest rate.Only a brave man, or a very rich one, dares to buy and sell on the Stock Market.Today it seems that one of the best ways to protect
35、 your savings, and even increase your wealth is to buy beautiful objects from the past.Here I am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks, which I personally consider are among the most interesting of antiques.Antique clocks could be very expensive, but one of the joys of collecting c
36、locks is that it is still possible to find quite cheap ones for your own home.After all, if you are going to be ruled by time, why not invest in air antique clock and perhaps make a future profit?The purpose of the passage is_.A.to introduce the culture of antique clocksB.to offer some advice on col
37、lecting antique clocksC.to compare different ways to make a future profitD.to explain convenient and reliable ways of telling time解析：主旨大意题。反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。由首尾两段，特别是第一段最后一句“Here I am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks.”和最后一段的最后一句“.why not invest in air antique clock and per
38、haps make a future profit?”可知答案为B。答案：B4.Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and selfrespect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as “honor” help you create this life of good feelings.Heres an example to show how honorable actions create h
39、appiness.Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item.If we keep silent, and profit from the clerks mistake, wewould drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement.Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune.On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the
40、 clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty.We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul.Which of the following can be the best title of this passage.A.How to Live TruthfullyB.Importance of PeacefulnessC.Ways of Gaining selfrespectD.Happi
41、ness through Honorable Actions解析：主旨大意题。反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词，文中出现得最多的是happiness一词，而文章第二段“Heres an example to show how honorable actions create happiness”就是全文的主旨，因此选D。答案：D5.Men have always believed that they are smarter than women.Now, a study has found that while this is certainly true, men also hav
42、e to deal with the fact that they are also more stupid than the fairer sex.In the study, scientists measured the IQ of 2500 brothers and sisters and they found an uneven number of men not only in the top two percent, but also in the bottom two percent.The studys participants were tested on science,
43、maths, English and mechanical abilities.Though there were twice as many men as women in the smartest group, there were also twice as many men among the dolts.The purpose of the passage is to tell us that_.A.man are smarter than womenB.man are more stupid than womenC.a new fact about the IQ of men an
44、d women has been foundD.men are more likely to receive first class university degrees解析：主旨大意题。反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词，文中出现较多的词是study，根据文章第一段第二句得知答案为C。答案：C6.Weather changes when the temperature and the amount of water in the atmosphere change. We can see and feel water coming from the atmosphere when w
45、e have rain. But the water must somehow get back to the atmosphere. Meteorologists call this the water cycle.What is the main idea of the passage?A.Water cycle.B.Water vapour.C.How rain forms.D.Water, vapour, rain.解析：主旨大意题。由该段最后一句“Meteorologists call this the water cycle”可知答案为A。答案：A7.Technology is t
46、he application(应用)of knowledge to production. Thanks to modern technology, we have been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our work force. New machines and new methods have helped cut down time and expense while increasing overall output. This has meant more production and a higher standard of living. For most of us in America, modern technology is thought of as the reason why we can have cars and t