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1、非谓语动词：提示词为动词，句子已有谓语动词，且空格前没有并列连词一、主 语：考虑不定式和动名词1、不定式是具体的一次性行为，动名词是抽象的一般行为，多数填动名词。Wa l k i n g (walk)is a good form of exercise for both young and old.I g n o r i n g (ignore)the difference between the two research findings willbe one of the worst mistakes you make.2、it 作形式主语：It s+adj+to do sth.It*s
2、no use/good+king.It is useful/useless+zingIf s no use d e b a t i n g (debate)with Tom,because he will never changehis mind.It s not always easy to r ef us e(refuse)invitations.二、宾语：考虑不定式和动名词1 s介词后面考虑动名词作宾语。Scientists have responded by noting (note)that hungry bears may becongregating(聚集)around huma
3、n settlements2、动词后根据固定搭配选择不定式或动名词。I can t stand working (work)with her.I usually forget _to shut_ _ (shut)the door.三、表语I s动名词说明主语的内容，不定式表示目的，将来。Her wish is to become (become)an engineer.My hobby is _swimminq_ _(swim).2、现在分词(性质特征，令人 的)；过去分词(心理状态，感到 的)。The report was so inspiring (inspire)that they we
4、re allnspired (inspire)四、状语：如果出现,句子。或者句子，o判断括号内动词和主句主语的关系即可：1、表目的结果用不定式To compete(compete)more effectively with others,more and morepeople equip themselves with a higher education.To mak e(make)it easier to get in touch with us,you d keep this card in hand.特别提醒】动词不定式也可以跟/E 些作表语用的形容词easy,fortable等后面作
5、状语，构成“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构.在该结构中构成不定式的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中.不定式中的动词必须是及物动词,若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词.使之构成及物动词短语。3、主动进行用现在分词When watching(watch)the moon,he found a new star.Laughter produces short-term change in the function of the heart and blood circulation,increasing(increase)hea
6、rt rate and oxygen consumption.4、被动完成用过去分词。Given(give)more time,I will work out all the math problems.Seen(see)from the space,the Great Wall looks like a dragon注意有些过去分词做状语时源于系表结构，不表示被动完成。如 faced with;dressed in、absorbed in,lost in五、定 语:t常位于名词后面，根据和被修饰词的关系进行判断。1 s 现 在 分 词：表示主动进行或性质特征：令人 的There is a r
7、iver running(run)around our school.The girl s t a n d i n g (stand)under the tree is my sister.2、过 去 分 词：表示被动完成或心理状态：感到 的The problem d i s c u s s e d(discuss)at the meeting tomorrow is very important/We are proud of the 29由 Olympic Games hel d(hold)in China in 20083、不 定 式：表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关
8、系Do you have any clothes to wash(wash)?the first,the second,the last,the next,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰名词或代词时I am the first to get(get)there.六、宾语补足语：1 s 现 在 分 词 作 宾 补：句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，强调主动进行。常用在感官动词(see,watch,observe,look,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役动词(have,get),find,leave,keep 等之后。I looked up and notic
9、ed a snake wi n d i n g (wind)its way up the tree to catch itsbreakfast.2、过 去 分 词 作 宾 补：句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，强调被动完成。常用在感官动词(see,watch,observe,look,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役动词(have,make,let,get),find,leave,keep 等之后。The old found his hometown much c h a n g e d (change).3、不定式作宾补：动词固定搭配My mother allows me
10、to go(go)with her.4、with+宾 语+宾补(l)with+宾语+doing(表示主动且进行)(2)with+宾语+done(表示被动且完成)(3)with+宾语+to do(表示将来)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following(follow)them.With a lot of difficult problems to settle(settle),the newly elected president ishaving a hard time
11、.练习1、It was estimated that around 1.2 million tons of artificial snow were produced for the 2022 BeijingWinter Olympics hel d(hold)in February this year.2、I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage,_ t h i n k i n g(think)it is food.3 I decided to do something to educat e(educate
12、)people about this problem.4、Its certainly not realistic to r e mo v e(remove)all plastic from your life,but somestatistics may encourage you to reduce your single-use plastic footprints.5、Minimize the impact of vi s i t i ng(visit)the place.6、Marys sister,Frances Todd Wallace,often came over to pl
13、ant(plant)flowers in thefront yard.7、In 1985,urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries studied(study)had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.8、Chinese workers once demonstrated their great efficiency in 2018.Incredibly,around 1,500workers spent just nine hours c o mp
14、 l e t i Dg(complete)the construction of a new trainstation in Fujian Province,southern China.9、An important factor a f f e c t i n g(affect)happiness is the tendency to compare onessituation with that of other people.10 I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid l o o k i n g(look)directly int
15、o hiseyes so he doesnt feel c h a lle n g n d(challenge).11、I still remember vi s i t i ng(visit)a friend who5d lived here fbr five years and I wasshocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.12 Lo c a t e d(locate)southwest of China,Laos is the only landlocked country inSoutheast As
16、ia and mainly depends on road,water and air transport for the movement of people andgoods.13s As more young people grow frustrated with pressure,they say they want to give up conventionalrites of passage,such as geni ng(get)married or having children.14、Every piece of plastic c r e a t e d(create)wi
17、ll remain in the environment in some form,but.15 It seems that people in western countries are becoming increasingly wo r r i e d(worry)about the side effects of drugs,.16、After s u f f e r i n g(suffer)from insomnia(失眠)fbr a few months,I was feelingmentally and physically exhausted.17 In 1995,Dr.Ma
18、dan Kataria called on a group of students in a park_ to t es t(test)whetheradding regular laughter to peoples lives would improve their well-being,18、_ I n s p i r e d(inspire)by Chinese writing brushes,he uses bamboo branches as his brushes,which represents his latest attempt to create unpredictabi
19、lity in splatter effects.19、His breakout video,where his process of painting Qi tian Dasheng(Monkey King)is shown,has won more than 408,000.likes,_ m a k i n g(make)him popular on the platform.20 The Northern Essex Community College(NECC)students and one of their teachers spent partof their spring b
20、reak in New York City,helping repair an area _ d e s tr o y e d(destroy)by thehurricane.21 Inside the building,the students saw nothing but broken walls and doors and pieces of thebuilding _ l y i n g(lie)all over the place.2 2 After all,theres so much for you_ to l e a r n(learn)academically and socially,like gettingalong with classmates,and dealing with teachers.23N While _ f l y i n g(fly)through the wind,it produced sound like the music produced by gu一 zheng,which is a traditional Chinese musical instrument.