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1、八年级英语（上）语法知识点M o d u l e 1 H o w t o l e a r n E n g l i s h一.词语链接：1.tra n sla te（v.）-tra n sla tion （n.）-tra n sla tor（IL 人）,pron oun ce（v.）一pron un cia tion （n.）a dvise（v.）-a dvice（U.n.）,im prove（v.）-im provem en t（n.）,brea th e（v.）一brea th （n.）2.correct（v.;a dj.=rig h t）-wron g 3.repea t=sa y a g
2、 a in 4.write/spell（v.）一writin g/spellin g （n.）5.ba se（n./v.）-ba sic（a dj.）6.rem em ber-forg et,sh y-outg oin g（sh y-sh yer/sh ier-sh yest/sh iest）,sta rt-en d,deep-low（反义词）7.sta rt二 beg in/open （同义词）8.forg et-forg ot-forg otten,h ea r-h ea rd-h ea rd,sen d-sen t-sen t9.oth er与 else（别的,其它的）else 作形容词
3、时，通常放在疑问代词 wh a t 或 a n yth in g ,som eth in g,n oth in g,n obody,等不定代词之 后:else作副词时，通常放在疑问副词或 a n ywh ere等不定副词之后。oth er作形容词，通常放在被修饰的名词之前；。th er还可作代词。A.1.Wh a t else do you wa n t?Is th ere a n ybody else in th e room?2.Wh en else ca n I com e?Would you like to g o som ewh ere else?B.Plea se com e so
4、m e oth er da y.请改日再来。Do you wa n t a n y oth er colours?10.ea ch 与 everyea ch 指两者或多者,强调个体情况,既是代词,又是形容词,常作主语/宾语/同位语等。every指三者或三者以上，强调全体情况,只是形容词,只作定语（与 a ll近义）例:1.Ea ch of th em h a s a ba g with th em.（主）2.He g a ve on e to ea ch of us two.（宾）3.Ea ch boy h a s a ba ll in th eir h a n ds.（定）4.T h ey
5、ea ch h a ve four wh eels.（同）5.Every studen t h a s g on e to th e sh op.（定语）二 All of th e studen ts h a ve g on e toth e sh op.注意：1）.ea ch 和 every作定语时，后面名词只用单数，谓语动词用单数。（例 3、5）ea ch 作同位语时,谓语和其前面的主语保持一致。（例 4）2）.ea ch of后面接带th e的复数名词或复数宾格代词，谓语动词用单数。3）.“eve;ry+基数词+复数名词”或“every+序数词+单数名词”表“每（隔）一一”的意思。伤1.
6、T h e Olym pic Ga m es a re h eld every four yea rs（every fourth yea r）.2.every oth er da y（每隔一天）二 every two da ys11.h ope与 wish （wish 常用于表示某种愿望，实现的可能性较h ope小）A.I h ope（th a t）I ca n visit th e Grea t Wa ll n ext week.（接宾语从句）I h ope to visit th e Grea t Wa ll n ext week.（接不定式作宾语）简单应答语：I h ope s o.（我
7、希望如此）I h ope n ot.（我希望不是）；wish 不能用。B.I wish (th a t)I could fly to th e m oon som e da y.(宾语从句常用虚拟语气)I wish to fly to th e m oon som e da y.(接不定式作宾语)I wish you to have a plea sa n t journ ey.(wish 后接不定式作宾语补足语)I wish you a plea sa n t journ ey.(wish 后可接双宾语)I wish you h a ppy a ll your life.(wish +宾语+
8、宾语补足语 a dj.)12.a dvice 不可数名词，可用名量词短语修饰 a piece of a dv ice,som e pieces of a dviceg ive sb.som e a dvice(给某人提建议)；a sk(sb.)for som e a dvice(向某人征求建议)二.短语：1.m a tch-with-2.tra n sla te-in to-=put-in to 3.write down _ _ _=put down 如果接名词，可放在后面或中间;如果接代 词,只能放在中间。write down th ese words 二 write th ese word
9、s down 二 write it/th em down4.ea ch oth er=on e a n oth er (ea ch oth er 两者之间；on e a n oth er 多者之间”)LiLei a n d I often h elp ea ch oth er.T h ey com pla in to on e a n oth er.5.en joy on eself=h a ve a g ood/n ice/won derful tim e 6.a ll th e tim e=a lwa ys_ _ _7.borrow sth.from sb.-len d sth.to sb
10、.8.pen frien d=penpa l9.g o with 10.wa tch /see a film 11.write-to12.g ive sb.som e a dvice on/a bout(doin g)sth.与 a sk for som e a dviceon/a bout(doin g)sth.13.do som e con certs 14.h elp sb.with sth.=h elpsb.(to)do sth.15.m a ke a mi s t ak e 16.sen d sb.sth.=sen dsth.to sb.17.en joy(doin g)sth.en
11、 joy on eself(doin g sth.)18.ta lka bout sb./sth.with sb.19.spea k to sb.20.ta ke a (deep)brea th _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _21.h a ve a con versa tion with sb.22.pra ctise(doin g)sth.23.sh ow/ta kesb.a roun d s o me p l ac e 24.be g ood/ba d for;be g ood to sb.;be g ood a t25.sa y h ello to-26.th e En g lishn
12、a m e for27.be g ood a t 与 do well inbe g ood a t 擅运，表示长久性的爱好,不能用于表具体的一次性的行为,常用一般时。do well i n 在某方面做得好,可用于表长久性也可用于一次性的行为,可用各种时态。例:He is g ood a t sin g in g.=He does well in sin g in g.H e d i d v e r y w e l l i e t h e s p o r t s m e e t i n g l a s t y e a r.2 8.t h e n u m b e r of-的数量(谓语用单数形式)
13、a n u m b e r o f -许多的-(修饰可数名词复数，谓语用复数形式)例：T h e n u m b e r o f t h e s t u d e n t s i n o u r c l a s s i s 5 2.A n u m b e r o f s t u d e n t s 塞 p l a n t i n g t r e e s.2 9.i n t h e o r d e r 3 0.f o r e x a m p l e 与 s u c h a s 3 1.1 e a r n-f r o m-3 2.o n t h e I n t e r n e t/r a d i o
14、 3 3.i n groups 3 4.m a k e a s t u d y p l a nf o r 3 5.t h i n k a b o u t 3 6.o n t h e p h o n e 3 7.a d v i s e s b.(n o t)t o d o s t h.3 8.l o o k s t h.u p i n t h e d i c t i o n a r y3 9.i n v i t e s b.t o s o m e p l a c ei n v i t e s b.t o a n a c t i v i t ys o m e p l a c e _ _ _i n
15、v i t e s b.t o d o s t h.4 0.l e a v e s t h.K f o r g e t 与 l e a v e忘记某物或忘记 做 某事用f o r g e t,后可接名词、代词、不定式或动名词作宾语。例：I f o r g o t m y E n g l i s h b o o k,a n d m y m o t h e r f o r g o t t o r e m i n d （提醒）m e t h e n.把某物忘在某 处 用 l e a v e,常 以 l e a v e s t h.s o m e p l a c e 形式出现。例：I l e a v
16、e m y E n g l i s h b o o k i n t h e r e a d i n g r o o m.三.重 点 句 式：1.建议句式：1).d o)2).3).4).5).6).7).幽8).原形)9).物1 0).t o d o)1 1).W o u l d y o u l i k e t o g o t o t h e p a r k w i t h u s?W o u l d y o u p l e a s e o p e n t h e d o o r f o r m e?C o u l d y o u g i v e m e a h a n d,p l e a s
17、 e?S h a l l w e g o t o t h e p a r k t o g e t h e r?W h y d o n,t y o u w r i t e i t d o w n?=W h y n o t w r i t e i tH o w/W h a t a b o u t g o i n g s w i m m i n g?I h o p e I c a n f i n i s h t h e w o r k i n a n h o u r.（用动词时用不定式t o（用动词时用动词原形）（用动词时用动词原形）（用动词时用动词原形）d o w n?（用动词时用动词原形）（用动
18、词时用动名词d o i n g）（用动词时用动词原L e t s p l a y f o o t b a l l o n t h e p l a y g r o u n d,s h a l l w e?Y o u,d b e t t e r (n o t)g o t o t h e m o u n t a i n t o d a y.I t s b e t t e r t o w e a r w a r m c l o t h e s w h e n y o u g o o u t.I t s a g o o d i d e a t o c h e c k y o u r n o t e b
19、o o k e v e r y d a y.（用动词时用动调（用动词时用动词原（用动词时用不定式（用动词时用丕定式 t o d o)1 2).Y o u s h o u l d a l w a y s s p e a k E n g l i s h i n c l a s s.（用动词时用动词原形）13）.T ry n ot to tra n sla te every word.（用动词不定式（n ot）todo）2.welcom e（sb.）to 欢迎（某人）到 welcom e（sb.）ba ck to欢迎（某人）回到例：Welcom e（you）to Ch in a/m y sch oo
20、l/m y h om e Welcom e（you）ba ck to Ch in a/sch ool!Welcom e ba ck h om e/h ere!（h om e,h ere a dv.副词前不用介词）3.It s a g ood idea to do sth,做某事是个好主意T h a t s a g ood idea.=Good idea.好主意It s difficult to rem em ber n ew words.（动词不定式做真正的主语）4.T ry n ot to tra n sla te every word.（动词不定式做 try 的宾语）try to do s
21、th.=do on e s best to do sth （尽力做某事）try n ot to do sth（尽量不做某富r伤!1.T ry to work out th is problem.2.We sh ould try to study En g lish well.3.We sh ould try n ot to sleep in cla ss.5.S b.+ta ke+tim e+to do sth.=It+ta kes+sb.（代词用宾格）+tim e+to dosth.7窠人花费时间做某事；后者中it做形式主语，不定式做真正主语）例：He ta kes h a lf a n h
22、 our to do h is h om ework every even in g.=It ta kes h im h a lf a n h our to do h is h om ework every even in g.6.a dvise sb.（n ot）to do sth.（建议某人不做某事）例：S h e a dvised us n ot to look up every n ew words in th e diction a ry wh ile doin grea din g s.7.T h e best wa y to lea rn En g lish is spea ki
23、n g it a s often a s possible.（不定式做定语）8.Do you fin d it ea sy to h a ve a con versa tion io En g lish?（it 形式宾语，不定式真正宾语）9.Wh a t m a kes you sh y?（形容词做宾语补足语）10.It s som etim es h a rd to un dersta n d Am erica n a n d British a ccen ts.（不定式做真正亲函）11.T ell h im h ow to be a g ood studen t.（疑问词+动词不定式”做宾
24、语）12.I left m y h om ework a t h om e.（lea ve sth.som epla ce 把某物忘在某处用lea ve）13.R em em ber to spea k En g lish a ll th e tim e.（不定式形式做 rem em ber 的宾语）14.T h is is a g rea t/g ood wa y to do sth.（不定式作定语）T h is is a g rea t wa y to solve th e problem.15.Num ber th e pictures in th e order you h ea r
25、th em.（定语从句）四.语法点滴：基础时态的复习P168页 模块释疑P160页五.常识：如何学好英语Module 2 Experien ces一.词语链接：1.experien ce n.&v.-experien ced a pete v.-com petition n.-com petitor（n.人）3.won der n.-won derful a dj.4.m usic n.-m usicia n n.（A）5.Ita ly n.-Ita lia na dj.6.westn.一 western a dj.7.sit v.-sea t n.8.beside=n ext to 9.br
26、illia n t=excellen t10.problem（需解决的问题 work on-solve/work out）和 question （需回答的问题-a sk/a n swer）ILbuy一 sell 12.en terta in v.-en terta in m en t n.13.sell-sold-sold,drea m-drea m ed/drea m t-drea m ed/drea m t 14.n a m e=sa y out,reckon =th in k of 修饰 m a rk 用 h ig h 活 low。15.experien ce（“经验”,不可数；“经历”
27、，可数）T h is is a m a th s tea ch er with rich experien ce in tea ch in g.Could you tell m e your experien ces in Africa?二.短语：1.ta ke off a.-put on b.-la n d（in /on /a t）;ta ke offfrom T h e pla n e ta kes off from Hon g Kon g,a n d la n ds in New Y e true 3.be/g o/sta y ab r o ad 4.m ore th a n =over
28、 5.sellout_ _ _ _ _6.roa st duck 7.sen d sb.sth.=sen d sth.to sb.8.tra vel a roun d th ew o r l d a ll over Ch in a 9.on e da y=som e day 10.en ter acom petition11.drea m a bout/of 12.ta ke ph otos of-13.Guesswh a t!_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _14.a visit to som epla ce 15.in vite sb.to do sth.in vite sb.
29、to sp./th e a ctivity16.sen d sb.sth.=sen d sth.to sb.17.th e price of18.intoda y s n ewspa per 19.a kin d of,a ll kin ds of,differen tkin ds of_20.g ive a c o nc e r t,g o to a con cert 21.a t th e en d（of）22.refer to_ _ _X 22.try doin g sth.与 try to do sth.（=do on e s best to do sth.）T h e little
30、boy tried to dra w a n ice h orse.（努力去做，争取使某事成功）T h e little boy tried dra win g a h orse.（初次尝试去做某事，不带有目的性）三.重点句式：1.It soun ds brillia n t!Her voice soun ds very sweet.（系表结构）2.WeiMin g h a s been a ll over Ch in a by pla n e.3.T h ere is a lot to see a n d do th ere.（不定式作定语）4.P ve n ever been to S h
31、 a n g h a i.Ha ve you ever been a broa d?（h a ve been to,去过某地）一5.Pizza h a s a lwa ys been m y fa vourite food.（h a ve been +表语，表状态的延续）But I don t like sa n dwich es or ice crea m.6.He h a sn,t ever tried skiin g,7.Wh a t do you reckon （二 th in k）-will it ra in toda y?（认为，觉得）I th in k h e 11 com e
32、ba ck soon.二 I reckon h e 11 com e ba ck soon.8.S a lly h a s in vited m e to sta y with h er in En g la n d on e da y.9.Wh a t kin d of prizes a re th ere for th ese com petition?10.Wh a t s th e price of a pla n e ticket to th e U S A?（涉及 price 的提问使用 wh a t）11.Wh a t s th e score of th e m a tch?（
33、涉及 score 的提问使用 wh a t）说明：涉及 price,m a rk,score,popula tion,tem pera ture 等提问时使用 wh a t 作为疑问词。四.语法点滴：1.现 在 完 成 时（参考 P168 T 69 页）h a ve g on e to&h a ve been toh a ve been t o:去过某地（但已经回来，人不在某地）h a ve g on e t o:去某地了（说话时，某人在去某地的途中或已到某地）句中常用ever,n ever,on ce（一次），twice（两次），th ree tim es（三次）等时间状语时，用 h a v
34、e been to例：T h e g irls h a ve g on e to th e sh ops.（T h ey a re on th e wa y to th e sh ops or a rrive a t th e sh ops.）T h e g irls h a ve been to th e sh ops.（T h ey wen t to th e sh ops a n d th ey ca m e ba ck or wen t to oth er pla ces.）2.主语+谓语+表 语（S+V+P）（谓语为连系动词Lin k v.）例：A.He wa s ill la st
35、 week.（形）C.I feel very well toda y.（形）短）E.LiLei beca m e a soldier.（名）G.T h e brea d feels h a rd.（形）I.In sprin g,th e wea th er g ets注意：常见连系动词：B.Keep quiet,plea se!（形）D.T h e m oon ca ke ta stes like th e pie.（介F.T h e food h a s g on e ba d.（形）H.LiLei fell ill la st Mon da y.（形）wa rm a n d th e tr
36、ees turn g reen.（形）1).be,keep,sta y(保持)，rem a in (保持)，com e(true)等2).感官动词 feel(感觉/摸上去)，look,seem,sm ell,ta ste,soun d 等。注意：主语和感官动词常呈被动关系。3).表“变化”的动词：becom e,turn,g et,g row,g o,fa ll(ill/a sleep)等。五.常识：旅游经历Module 3 Journ ey to spa ce一.词语链接：1.severa l=a few 2.discover v.-discovery n.3.recen t a dj.-r
37、ecen tly a dv.4.over=m oreth a n 5.a lon e=by on eself 6.extra n ce-exit,m a n n ed-un m a n n ed（反义）7 prefer=likebetter 8.secret n.-secreta ry n.（人）9.explore v.-explorer n.（人）一explora tion n.（事）10.m ission=ta sk IL busy a dj.-busin ess n.12.return =com e ba ck/g ive ba ck（return 后面不能再加 ba ck）return
38、 to/from12.discover 与 in ven tdiscover：发现 其对象是一直存在的，以往未被人们认识或发现。in ven t:发 明 其对象是以前没有的东西，而且往往是物质性的东西。伤！J：Colum bus discovered Am erica,T h om a s Edison in ven ted m a n y useful th in g s.13.a lso,too 与 eith era lso比too更正式，只能用在肯定句中，一般紧紧靠近动词（多在动词之前，或 be动词、助动词及情态动词之后）。too 一般放在句末，或作为插入语放在句中，只能用在肯定句中，口
39、语常与a lso通用。eith er用于否定句，放在句末。例：My fa th er is a tea ch er,m y m oth er is a lso a tea ch er.My fa th er is a tea ch er,m y m oth er is a tea ch er,too.My fa th er doesn t g o to work toda y,m y m oth er doesn,t,eith er.14.n on e,n obody 与 n o on e 的用法：n on e即可指代人，也可指代事物，表 示“没有一个人/东西”（强调数量）作主/宾语等。后面可
40、跟of短语。作主语时，如其指代的是复数名词，谓语用单、复数都行（强调整体时谓语常用复数；强调个体时则常用单数）；如其指代的是不可数名词，谓语用单数形式。常用来回答h ow m a n y或 h ow m uch 以及特定范围的问题。修（J：1.-How m a n y of th e wom en a re n urses?-Non e（of th em is/a re）.（主语）2.-How m uch wa ter is left in th e bottle?-Non e（of it is）.（主语）3.-Wh ich of th e boys pla ys footba ll well
41、?-Non e（of th em does）.（主语）4.Are th ere a n y studen ts in th e c 1 a s sr oom?-Non e.（主语）5.I un derstood n on e of th e question s.（宾语）6.Non e of us like/likes it.（主语）n obody和 n o on e都指代人，表 示“没有人”（强调人）,做主语时，谓语用单数，后面不跟of短语。常回答wh o和不确定的问题,在句中做主语或宾语。修！J：1.Luckily,n obody/n o on e wa s h urt in th is
42、a cciden t.（主语）2.-Wh o wen t to th e zoo la st week?.-Nobody/No on e（did）.（主语）3.I ca n see n obody in th e room.（宾语）15.a lon e 与 lon elya lon e用作形容词，表“单 独 的 （=by on eself）一个人或物，说明客观情况;只作表语。lon ely用作形容词，表“孤独、寂寞的”内心感受，说明主观情况。作表语或定语。例：I wa s a lon e a t h om e,but I don t feel lon ely,a lon e还可用作副词，表 示
43、“独自地”一个人或物=by on eselfo例：T h e lon ely boy h a d to wa lk th ere a lon e.a lon e作形容词，还可意为“仅仅；只看丁必须放在所被修饰的名词、代词后面。例:You ca n t live on m ea t a lon e.=You ca n t on ly live on m ea t.16.rea l 与 truerea l指实际与其外貌或传说相符（客观状况）:true则指与实际或真实情况相符，而非虚假的（抽象内涵虚 在表示某事是真实的时候，往往可以通用。例：Is th is rea l lea th er or p
44、la stic?T h a t is a true frien dsh ip/story.T ell m e th e true/rea l rea son for your a bsen ce.rea lly 与 trulyrea lly常用于表说话的语气或程度（客观状况）:truly常用于表态度（抽象内涵）。修!j：It s rea lly n ice of you to sa y so.I m truly sorry for doin g th a t.17.a rrive,g et 与 rea cha rrive（不及物动词），表示到某地时（名词），后面接介词in （大地方）或 a t
45、（小地方）。g et vi.（不及物动词），表示到某地时（名词），后面接介词to。但地方如为h om e,h ere.th ere副词时，上述两个动词都不用介词。例:1.He h a s a rrived in Bei jin g.T h ey a rrived a t th e sm a ll villa g e la st n ig h t.T om h a s a rrived h ere.2.I g ot to Bei j in g two da ys a g o.Ha s h e g ot h om e?rea ch vt.（及物动词），后面直接接地点名词；万,（不及物动词），后面直
46、接接h om e,h ere,th ere等地点副词。例:T h ey h a ve rea ch ed Beijin g.LiLei rea ch ed h om e la te la st n ig h t.注意：单独使用时常用a rrive,而不用其他两个词。例：T h ey h a d left wh en I a rrived.18.pa y,spen d,cost 与 ta keS b.pa y（sb.m on ey）for sth.某人为-付款LiLei pa id m e five yua n for th e kn ife.I h a ve pa id for th e ti
47、ckets.（pa y宾语常为金钱或表代价砒1,可带双宾语）S b.spen d tim e/m on ey（in）doin g sth.某人花费时间或金钱做某事S b.spen d tim e/m on ey on sth.某人在某事物上花费时间或金钱I spen d h a lf a n h our（in）doin g m y h om ework every even in g.He spen t 20 yua n on th e diction a ry.S th.cost（sb.）m on ey 某物花费某人金钱或代价（cost后面可带双宾语）T h e diction a ry c
48、ost h im 20 yua n.（=He pa id 20yua n for th e diction a ry./He spen t 20 yua n on th e diction a ry）T h e diction a ry costs 20 yua n.（问句：How m uch does th e diction a ry cost?）（4）It+ta ke+sb+som e tim e+to do sth.做某事花费某人时间或精力（不定式真正主语，ta ke后面可带双宾语）It h a s ta ken h im two m on th s to g et th ere.（=
49、He h a s spen t two m on th s in g ettin gth ere.）How lon g does it ta ke to rea ch Beijin g?S b.+ta ke+som e tim e+to do sth.某人花费时间/精力做某事He took a n h our to fin ish th e work.=It took h im a n h our to fin ish th e work.（=He spen t a n h our in fin ish in g th e work./He spen t a n h our on th e w
50、ork.）说明：pa y,spen d常以人作主语；cost常以物作主语；ta ke常以事情（不定式）做真正主语（后置，it做形式主语）19.prefer 的用法：prefer（to do/doin g）sth.I prefer to swim /swim m in g in th e river.（不定式表具体性，动名词表习惯性）prefer（doin g）sth.to（doin g）sth.二 like better th a n-.（喜欢做前者而不喜欢做后者）He prefers th is book to th a t on e.He prefers ska tin g to da n