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1、高考阅读理解专题主旨大意题怎么蒙？只读开头和结尾，文章主旨自然明解读：通常只读文章的开头和结尾即可得知文章主旨，有时需加读文章第二段开头或各段的 开头，甚至倒数第二段内容。主旨要义题常见干扰项特征.无中生有。选项为文章或段落中未提及的内容，这种内容往往符合考生的常识 认知。1 .以偏概全。概括的范国过于快窄，只用阐述了文章或段落一部分的内容。2 .断章取义。以文章或段落中的个别信息或个别宇眼作为选项的内容，或者以次 要的事实或细节冒充全文成全段的主要观点。3 .主题扩大。概括的范国过大，超过文章或段落实际讨论的内容。4 .似是而非。选项中的关键词在文章或段落中出现了，但认真分析后发现它与 文章
2、的主旨毫无联系或关联不大。5 .张冠李戴。命题者有意把属于A的特征放在B上。巧借体裁定主旨不同体裁的文章，主旨呈现的方式各有特点。1 .新闻报道：一般在第一段的导语部分概括交代报道的事件；.调查研究类说明文：包含研究发现结论的句子一般与文章主旨关系密切(The study shows/indicates that.Researchers have found that.)2 .议论文：议论文的论点以及文中反复出现的词或结论性的句子一般体现文章主 旨；.记叙文：记叙文的主旨通常不在文章中直接说明，需要考生通读文章内容， 总结文章主旨，需要考生结合各段内容才能得出答案。Passage 1题材:语言
3、学习词数：271The kids in this village wear dirty, ragged clothes. They sleep beside cows and sheep in huts made of sticks and mud. They have no school. Yet they all can chant the English alphabet, and some can make words.The key to their success: 20 tablet computers (平板电脑)dropped off in their Ethiopian v
4、illage in February by a U.S. group called One Laptop Per Child.The goal is to find out whether kids using todays new technology can teachD.Visiting a local farmers market.3. What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter?A. They are soft.B.They look nice.C. They taste great.D. They are
5、juicy.4. What was the author going to do that evening?A. Go to a farm.B.Check into a hotel.C.Eat in a restaurant.D. Buy fresh vegetables.”词义猜测题”怎么蒙？1 .带选项回原文，看哪个合逻辑解读：把选项代入原文，结合前后语境，看看哪个更符合逻辑。2 .寻找相似成分，借彼词推此词解读：画线词所在的句子结构相对复杂，简单分析其结构，我同一句子中和 它作类似成分的词（作主语、谓语等），借助这个词推测画线词，大概率可猜知 画线词的意思。themselves to r
6、ead in places where no schools or teachers exist. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers analyzing the project data say they*re already amazed/What I think has already happened is that the kids have already learned more than they would have in one year of kindergarten/1 said Matt Kell
7、er, who runs the Ethiopia program.The fastest learner and the first to turn on one of the tablets is 8-year-old Kelbesa Negusse. The devices camera was disabled to save memory, yet within weeks Kellesa had figured out its workings, and made the camera work. He called himself a lion, a marker of acco
8、mplishment in Ethiopia.With his tablet, Kelbesa rearranged the letters HSROE into one of the many English animal names he knows. Then he spelled words on his own. HSeven months ago he didnt know any English. Thats unbelievable. said Keller.The project aims to get kids to a stage called deep reading1
9、 where they can read to learn. It won*t be in Amharic, Ethiopias first language, but in English, which is widely seen as the ticket to higher paying jobs.1 .How does the Ethiopia program benefit the kids in the village?A. It trains teachers for them.B.It contributes to their self-study.C. It helps r
10、aise their living standards.D. It provides funds for building schools.2. What can we infer from Kellers words in Paragraph 3?A. They need more time to analyze data.B. More children are needed for the research.C.He is confident about the future of the project.D. The research should be carried out in
11、kindergartens.3.1 t amazed Keller that with the tablet Kelbesa could.A.Learn English words quicklyB.draw pictures of animals.C. write letters to researchersD.make phone calls to his friends4. What is the aim of the project ?A. To offer Ethiopians higher paying jobs.B. To make Amharic widely used in
12、the world.C.To help Ethiopian kids read to learn in English.D.To assist Ethiopians in learning their first language.五大必备策略，扫清闭读障碍近几年高考越来越注重对考生阅读理解能力的考查,主要体现在在阅读文本中越 来越多地融入词语活用、派生词、合成词、长难句等，这些通常会给考生造成一 定的理解障碍，主要表现在：不能快速阅读并提取关键信息、不会联系上下文猜 测词语含义、不知道利用构词法理解词语舍义、不会分析长难句、缺乏语篇意识。 这些障碍会让考生无法准确理解文章内容及作者意图，并因
13、此失分。针对考生的上述问题，笔者给出五大必备阅读策略，帮助考生提升阅读能力、 扫清阅读障碍。策略1逐词阅读要摒弃，成组视读划意群意群是指句子中按意思和结构划分出的各个部分，每一个部分即一个意群。 同一意群中的词关系紧密，不能随意拆分，否则可能会造成误解。阅读时要分清 意群，以意群为单位，成组视读，这样读者接收到的是成组的信息，而不是一个 个独立的单词。按意群阅读可避免考生逐词阅读，并能让考生更好、更快地理解 文章主要内容，大大提高考生的阅读效率。策略2人名地名某某名，判定类别速路过在阅读过程中，如果发现很多以大写字母开头的生词或者一连串的斜体单词, 我们可以快速略过，只需判定生词是哪类事物即可
14、，比如人名、地名、作品名（常 用斜体）、报刊名（常用斜体）、物种名、机构组织名等，无需弄明白其具体所指。 这些单词一般不会影响我们对文章大意的理解。策略3若遇生僻障碍词，猜词技巧来帮忙技巧熟词探源引生义，语境之中定含义高考语篇中生词的数量是有限制的，但是高考对课标词汇的义项考查是没有 限制的。很多单词本身有很多释义，我们所熟知的通常是教材中给出的最常用的 释义，而命题人在设计试题时，所给单词的舍义不会局限于考生熟悉的含义。有 时基于命题的需要或者有意考查考生对词汇的掌握能力，命题者会在试题中给出 一些熟悉的单词，但其含义却是考生较为陌生的。有些单词的生义与熟义相近， 考生根据单词的熟义和语境很
15、容易就能推测出生义，但有些单词的生义与熟义大 相径庭，需要考生结合语境仔细推敲来确定单词的含义。技巧长难单词巧拆解，利用构词猜词义在阅读过程中，考生可以根据构词法猜测出有些长难单词的含义。构词法主 要有三种：派生、合成和转化。派生是指由一个词或词根加上前级或后级构成另 一个词;合成则是由两个或更多的词合成一个新词;转化是由一种词性转化为另一 种词性。掌握构词法有助于我们淮确地猪测生词的意思，高效阅读。技巧全然陌生莫慌张，巧用逻辑判意义在阅读过程中，遇到纯粹的生词或没有见过的生僻短语，我们可以借助上下 文中的逻辑关系猜测词义，常见的方法有：利用定义，定语从句、同位语等猜测 词义;借助对比同义或反
16、义表达猜测词义;通过因果、转折关系猜测词义;根据所 举的例子反推词义。策略4解题关键在难句，拆句技巧不可少技巧利用信息巧断句利用标点、连接词确定长难句的类型（是简单句、并列句，还是主从复合句）， 如果是多个并列句、多个从句套叠，要注意理清并列句或从句的层次。技巧锁定动词留主干锁定句子的谓语动词，去掉各种非核心成分（插入语、定语、状语、同位语等），留下句子的主干。选定】隹标题标题是文章中心思想的精练表达。此类题目主要考查考生把握文章主旨、理解文 章中心思想的能力，要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法，对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括，最终准确地选出文章的标题。选择标题的四大准则如下
17、：精语言要精练;准一一观点表达得要准确;统一统 领全文;新一一新颖，对读者有吸引力。选定最佳标题题常见设问形式： Which is the most suitable title for the text? What can be a suitable title for the text?Passage 2 题材：人物故事词数：369One day when I was 12, my mother gave me an order: I was to walk to the public library, and borrow at least one book for the summer
18、. This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem-inability to read.In the library, I found my way into thenChildren,s Room. I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had
19、 a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child. He was my secret sharer, but one morning, he was gone, given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him. I never forgot my beagle.There on the books cover was a beagle which looked identical （相同的）to my dog.I r
20、an my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover. My eyes ran across the title, Amos, the Beagle with a Unknowingly,! had read the title. Without opening the book, I borrowed it from the library for the summer.Under the shade of a bush, I started to read about Amos. I read very, very slowly wi
21、th difficulty. Though pages were turned slowly, I got the main idea of the story about a dog who, like mine, had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home.That dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the book. At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scen
22、e of reunion, on and on, until my own lost dog and I were, in my mind, running together.My mothers call returned me to the real world.I suddenly realized something: I had read a book, and I had loved reading that book.Everyone knew I could not read. But I had read it. Books could be incredibly wonde
23、rful and I was going to read them.I never told my mother about my “ miraculous （奇迹般的）“ experience that summer, but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year.And years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in
24、literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction. The power of the words has held.1 .The authors mother told him to borrow a book in order toA. encourage him to do more walking8.1 et him spend a meaningful summerC.help cure him of his reading problemD. make him learn more about w
25、eaponsThe book caught the authors eye becauseA.it contained pretty pictures of animals2.1 t reminded him of his own dogC.he found its title easy to understandD.he liked childrens stories very muchWhy could the author manage to read the book through?A. He was forced by his mother to read it.B.He iden
26、tified with the story in the book.C. The book told the story of his pet dog.D. The happy ending of the story attracted him.3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A The author has become a successful writer.B. The authors mother read the same book.C. The authors mother rewarded him with book
27、s.D. The author has had happy summers ever since.4. Which one could be the best title of the passage?A The Charm of a BookB. Mums Strict OrderC.Reunion with My BeagleD. My Passion for Reading策略5语篇意识不可缺，整体把握重衔接阅读理解都是以语篇的形式呈现的，考生在阅读时必须考虑语篇的独立性和 整体性。如果没有充分把握语篇的整体性，就会忽视文章当中的逻辑关系，从而 出现理解偏差。因此，在阅读时，考生要学会从
28、宏观上把握语篇，了解文章的题 材和体栽，关注过渡词，尤其是句子之间的街接词，找出整个段落的主旨句或者 点题句。一般来说，主题句会出现在段首、段尾，还有一些会出现在转折词之后, 题目的设置往往与这些词、句密切相关。阅读理解猜蒙技法”事实细节题怎么蒙？1 .阅读题干标关键，定位信息锁答案解读：阅读题干，标记关键信息（带大写字母的词、名词、数字、比较级和 最高级、序数词等）；在原文中定位答案信息;比较选项和原文相应信息，锁定答 案。2 .题文同序很简单，教你快速辨答案解读：题目出现的顺序和答案信息在文章段落中出现的顺序大体一致。如果通过题干无法很快定位到答案信息在文章的哪一段，可在上一题所定位的段落
29、之后，找该题答案信息所在的段落，避免阅读无效内容而浪费 时间03 .只读日期或价格，其他信息全跳过解读:遇到应用文针对日期或价格设题的，考生只需读与此相关的信息即可, 其他信息均可忽略。注意：读的同时，可以把这些关键信息标出来。4 词性转换是题眼，同义替换记心间解读：题干中的某个关键词和文中的某个词属于同一词源，只是在词性上进 行了转换;题干中的某个关键词通常会和文中的某个词是同义词或相近词，属于 同义替换。这些通常是解题关键，可直接定位信息至此处。Passage3 题材：科普知识词数：304Your house may have an effect on your figure. Exper
30、ts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments ar
31、e more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious（难为情）when theyre in poorly lit placesand so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn*t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors
32、 fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when its time to repaint, go blue.Don*t forget the clock- or the
33、 radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories（卡路里）per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while youre at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on r
34、elaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one,total intake （ 摄入）jumps by 14 p
35、ercent. And well pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.1 .The text is especially helpful for those who care about.A. their home comfortsB. their body shapeC.house buyingD. healthy diets.A home environment in blue can help peopleA. digest food betterB.re
36、duce food intakeC.burn more caloriesD.regain their appetites. What are people advised to do at mealtimes?A. Eat quickly.B. Play fast music.C.Use smaller spoons.D. Turn down the lights.2 . What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Is Your House Making You Fat?B. Ways of Serving DinnerC. Effects of
37、 Self-ConsciousnessD.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?”观点态度题”怎么蒙？搜寻感情态度形、动词，对比选项知答案解读：在文中寻找带有感情色彩或表示态度的形容词或动词，然后和选项进行对比。”文章类型题”怎么蒙？文中有书名，通常考书评解读：文章中出现书名，书名通常以斜体和大写形式呈现，且文中不断出现 book字眼，设题时很有可能就有考查书评。passage 4 题材：个人经历 词数：338The freezing Northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time this wint
38、er, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say sunshineH. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C （维生素 C）,thinking of beaches and orange trees .When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swi
39、mming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets （at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon） filled the weekend, but the best part-particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables-was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers* market that proved to be more than worth the
40、early wake-up call.The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7 a.m. to 1 p.m., rain or shine, along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries; the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, larg
41、e, soft and round red tomatoes.Disappointed by many a broken, vine-ripened （蔓上成熟的）promise, Tve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home theyre unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless. But I homed in, with uncertainty, on one particu
42、lar table at the Browns Grove Farms stand, full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real deal -and at that moment, I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldnt be experiencing again for months.Deligh
43、ted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where luckily for me I was planning to have dinner that very night. Without even seeing the menu, I knew Id be ordering every tomato on it.1. What did the author think of her winter life in New York?A. Exciting.B. Boring.C. Relaxing.D. Annoying.2. What made the authors getting up early worthwhile?A. Having a swim.B.Breathing in fresh air.C. Walking in the morning sun.