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1、Unit 1 Breaking recordsTeaching ResourcesSection 3: Words and expressions from Unit 1 Breaking records approximateadj. (abbr. approx) almost correct or accurate, but not completely so: an approximate number / total / cost The cost given is only approximate. Use these figures as an approximate guide
2、in your calculations.conventionaladj.1. (often disapproving) tending to follow what is done or considered acceptable by society in general; normal and ordinary, and perhaps not very interesting: conventional behaviour/morality She7s very conventional in her views. 2. usually before noun following wh
3、at is traditional or the way sth has been done for a long time: conventional methods / approaches Its not a hotel, in the conventional sense, but rather a whole village turned into a hotel. 3. usually before noun (especially of weapons) not nuclear: conventional forces / weapons A conventional war w
4、ould still cause unacceptable devastation, a conventional power station (= using oil or coal as fuel, ra ther than nuclear power)laughternoun U the act or sound of laughing: to roar with laughter tears/gales / peals / shrieks of laughter to burst / dissolve into laughter a house full of laughter (=
5、with a happy atmosphere) He gave a snort of derisive laughter.realitynoun (pl. -ies)2. U the true situation and the problems that actually exist in life, in contrast to how you would like life to be: She refuses to face reality. You re out of touch with reality. The real i ty is that there is not en
6、ough money to pay for this pro jec t. They seemed to ha ve the per fee t marriage but the reality was very different. 2. C a thing that is actually experienced or seen, in contrast to what people might imagine: the harsh realities of life This decision reflects the reali ties of the polltical situat
7、ion. The paperless office is still far from being a reality. Will time travel ever become a reality?adjustmentnoun C, U3. a small change made to sth in order to correct or improve it: I ve made a few adjustments to the design. Some adjustment of the lens may be necessary. 2. a change in the way a pe
8、rson behaves or thinks: She went through a period of emotional adjustment after her marriage broke up.toughadj. (tougher, toughest)DIFFICULThaving or causing problems or difficulties: a tough childhood It was a tough decision to make. She s been having a tough time of i t (= a lot of problems) latel
9、y. He faces the toughest test of his leadership so far. It can be tough trying to Juggle a career and a family.STRICT / FIRM (on / with sb/sth) demanding that particular rules be obeyed and showing a lack of sympathy for any problems or suffering that this may cause: Don t be too tough on him-he was
10、 only trying to help. It s about time teachers started to get tough with bullies. The school takes a tough line on (= punishes severely) cheating. Local traders are calling for tougher action against vandals.STRONGstrong enough to deal successfully with difficult conditions or situations: a tough br
11、eed of cattle He s not tough enough for a career in sales. She s a tough cookie / customer (= sb who knows what they want and is not easily influenced by other people).4. (of a person) physically strong and likely to be violent: You think you re so tough, don t you? He plays the tough guy in the mov
12、ie.MEATdifficult to cut or chewNOT EASILY DAMAGEDnot easily cut, broken, torn, etc. : a tough pair of shoes The reptile7 s skin is tough and scaly.UNFORTUNATE (on sb) (informal) unfortunate for sb in a way that seems unfair: It was tough on her being dropped from the team like that. (ironic) canf t
13、get it finished in time. Tough! (= I don t feel sorry about it.)extreme adj.L usually before noun very great in degree: We are working under extreme pressure at the moment, people living in extreme poverty I in having extreme difficulty in not losing my temper with her. The heat in the desert was ex
14、treme. 2. not ordinary or usual; serious or severe: Children will be removed from their, parents only in extreme circumstances. Don t go doing anything extreme like leaving the country. It was the most extreme example of cruelty to animals I had ever seen. extreme weather conditions 3. (of people, p
15、olitical organizations, opinions, etc.) far from what most people consider to be normal, reasonable or acceptable: extreme left-wing / right-wing views an extreme nationalist organization Their ideas are too extreme for me. 4. only before noun as far as possible from the centre, the beginning or in
16、the direction mentioned: Kerry is in the extreme west of Ireland. She sat on the extreme edge of her sea.t. politicians on the extreme left of the partynoun1. a feeling, situation, way of behaving, etc. that is as different as possible from another or is opposite to it: extremes of love and hate He
17、used to be very shy, but now he s gone to the opposite extreme (= changed from one extreme kind of behaviour to another). 2. the greatest or highest degree of sth: extremes of cold, wind or rain the climatic extremes of the mountains go, etc, to extremes | take sth to extremes to act or be forced to
18、 act in a way that is far from normal or reasonable: It s embarrassing the extremes he 11 go to in order to impress his boss. Taken to extremes, this kind of beha viour can be dangerous. In the jungle they were driven to extremes in order to survive.in the extreme (formal) to a great degree: The jou
19、rney would be dangerous in the extreme.unfitadj.1 .(for sth) | (to eat, drink, live in, etc.) | (to do sth) not of an acceptable standard; not suitable: The housing was unfit for human habitation. The food on offer was unfit for human consumption. This water is unfit to drink. Most of the buildings
20、are unfit to live in. They described him as unfit to govern. (technical) Many of the houses were condemned as unfit. (technical) The court claims she is an unfit mother. 2.for sth to do sth not capable of doing sth, for example because of illness: He s still unfi t for work. The company s doc tor fo
21、und that she was unfit to carry out her normal work. 3. (especially BrE) (of a person) not in good physical condition; not fit, because you have not taken exercise: The captain is still unfi t and will miss tonight s game.fascinateverb to attract or interest sb very much: vn China has always fascina
22、ted me. It was a question that had fascinated him since he was a boy, v The private lives of movie stars never fail to fascinate.meditationnoun1. U the practice of thinking deeply in silence, especially for religious reasons or in order to make your mind calm: She found peace through yoga and medi t
23、ation. He was deep in meditation and didn t see me come in. 2. C, usually pl.(on sth) (formal) serious thoughts on a particular subject that sb writes down or speaks: his medi tat ions on life and art urge verbL to advise or try hard to persuade sb to do sth: vn to inf She urged him to stay. Police
24、are urging anyone who saw the accident to contact them immediately. v t/iat The report urged that all children be taught to swim. 2. vnsth (on / upon sb) to recommend sth strongly: The srituation is dangerous and the UN is urging caution. 3. vn + adv. / prep. (formal) to make a person or an animal m
25、ove more quickly and/or in a particular direction, especially by pushing or forcing them: He urged his horse forward.urge sb on to encourage sb to do sth or support them so that they do it better: She could hear him urging her on as she ran past.accomplishverbvn to succeed in doing or completing sth
26、, achieve: The first part of the plan has been safely accomplished. I don t feel ，ve accomplished very much today. Tha t s i t. Mission accomplished (= we have done what we aimed to do).motivateverb1. vn often, passive to be the reason why sb does sth or behaves in a particular way: He is motivated
27、entirely by self-interest. 2. to make sb want to do sth, especially sth that involves hard work and effort: vn She s very good at motivating her students. vn to inf The plan is designed to motivate employees to work more efficiently. 3. vn (formal) to give reasons for sth that you have stated: Pleas
28、e motivate your answer to question 5.motivatedadj. ： a racially motivated attack a highly motivated student (= one who is very interested and works hard)motivationnoun C, U: What is the motivation behind this sudden change? Most people said that pay was their main motivation for working. He s in tel
29、 li gen t enough but he lacks motivation. All research proposals must be arccompanied by a full motivation.devotionnoun (to sb/sth)1. U, sing. great love, care and support for sb/sth: His devotion to his wife and family is touching.2. U, sing. the action of spending a lot of time or energy on sth：rh
30、er devotion to duty Her devotion to the job left her with very little free time. 3. devotions pl. prayers and other religious practicessoulnounSPIRIT OF PERSON1. C the spiritual part of a person, believed to exist after death: He believed his immortal soul was in peri 1. The howling wind sounded lik
31、e the wailing of lost souls (= the spirits of dead people who are not in heaven).INNER CHARACTERC a person s inner character, containing their true thoughts and feelings: There was a feeling of restlessness deep in her soul.SPIRITUAL / MORAL / ARTISTIC QUALITIESsing. the spiritual and moral qualitie
32、s of humans in general: the dark side of the human soul2. U, C strong and good human feeling, especially that gives a work of art its quality or enables sb to recognize and enjoy that quality: It was a very polished performance, but i t lacked soul.3. sing. the of sth a perfect example of a good qua
33、lity: He is the soul of discretion. PERSONC (becoming old-fashioned) a person of a particular type: She s lost all her money, poor soul. You re a brave soul.4. C (especially in negative sentences) a person: There wasn t a soul in sight (= nobody was in sight). Don/ t tell a soul (= do not tell anyon
34、e). (1 i ter ary) a vi 11 age of 3. 00 souls (= wi th 3. 00 people li ving there)MUSIC5. (also soul music) U a type of music that expresses strong emotions, made popular by African American musicians: a soul singergood for the soul (humorous) good for you, even if it seems unpleasant: iWant a ride?
35、No thanks. Walking is good for the soul. sacredadj.1. connected with God or a god; considered to be holy:, a sacred image / shrine / temple sacred music Cows are sacred to Hindus. 2. very important and treated with great respect sacrosanct: Human life must always be sacred. For journalists nothing i
36、s sacred they can write about anything), Some companies offer five-year plans but there is nothing sacred about this length of time (-it can be changed).deednoun1. (formal, literary) a thing that sb does that is usually very good or very bad act: a brave / charitable / evil / good deed a tale of her
37、oic deeds 2. (often plural in British English) a legal document that you sign, especially one that proves that you own a house or a building: the deeds of the house your good deed for the day a helpful, kind thing that you do: I took Sarah s children to school so V ve done my good deed for the day.c
38、onception noun1. U the process of forming an idea or a plan: The plan was brilliant in its conception but failed because of lack of money. 2. C, U(of sth) | (that .)an understanding or a belief of what sth is or what sth should be: Marx s conception of social justice He has no conception of how diff
39、icult life is if you re unemployed, 3. U, C the process of an egg being fertilized inside a woman s body so that she becomes pregnant: the moment of conception A child is born about 40 weeks after conception takes place.tactnoun U the ability to deal with difficult or embarrassing situations careful
40、ly and without doing or saying anything that will annoy or upset other people sensitivity: Settling the dispute required great tact and diplomacy. She is not exactly known for her tact.regretverb (-tt-)L to feel sorry about sth you have done or about sth that you have not been able to do: vn If you
41、don t do it now, you f 11 only regret it. The decision could be one he lives to regret.T ve had a wonderful life, she said, I don t regret a thing. She regretted the words the moment they were out of her mouth. v -ing He bitterly regretted ever having mentioned it. v wh- I deeply regret what I said.
42、 2. (formal) used to say in a polite or formal way that you are sorry or sad about a situation: vnj The airline regrets any inconvenience. v tha t I regre t that I am unable to accept your kind invi tat ion. v to inf We regret to inform you that your application has not been successful. vn thatj It
43、is to be regretted that so many young people leave school wi thout qualifications.noun U, C a feeling of sadness or disappointment that you have because of sth that has happened or sth that you have done or not done: It is with great regret that I accept your resignation. She expressed her regret at
44、 the decision, a pang / twinge of regret I have no regrets about leaving Newcastle (= I do not feel sorry about it). What is your greatest regret (= the thing that you are most sorry about doing or not doing) ? He gave up teaching in 2001, much to the regret of his s tuden ts.repentancenoun U(for st
45、h) the fact of showing that you are sorry for sth wrong that you have done contrition, remorse: He shows no sign of repentance. The book speaks of the need for repen tance and atonement.wisdomnoun U1. the ability to make sensible decisions and give good advice because of the experience and knowledge
46、 that you have: a woman of great wisdom: words of wisdom 2.of sth / of doing sth how sensible sth is: I question the wisdom of giving a child so much money. 3. the knowledge that a society or culture has gained over a long period of time: the collective wisdom of the Native American peopleconvention
47、al / received wisdom the view or belief that most people hold: Conventional wisdom has it that riots only ever happen in ci ties.in his / her / its, etc, (infinite) wisdom used when you are saying that you do not understand why sb has done sth: The government in its wisdom has decided to support the
48、 ban.virtuenoun1. U (formal) behaviour or attitudes that show high moral standards: He led a life of virtue. She was certainly no paragon of virtue!2. C a particular good quality or habit: Patience is not one of her virtues, m afraid. As a poll tician, he always emphasized the virtues of compromise
49、and conciliation. 3. C, U an attractive or useful quality: The plan has the virtue of simplici ty. He was extolling the virtues of the Internet. They could see no virtue in discussing i t further.by / in virtue of sth (formal) by means of or because of sth: She got the job by virtue of her grea ter exper