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1、2021年吉林省高考英语总复习：阅读理解1.Dutch author Marieke Lucas Rijneveld has become one of the youngest writers to be shortlisted（列入候选）for a Booker prize,after their debut novel（处女作）made the final line-up for the International Booker.Rijneveld,a rising star in Dutch literature,is 28-lightly older than British aut
2、horDaisy Johnson was when she was shortlisted for the Booker prize in 2018 age 27.The author,who identifies as male and uses the pronouns they/them,was shortlisted after a six-hourvirtual（虚拟的）judging meeting for the 50,000 prize,which is shared equally betweenwriter and translator,fbr The Discomfort
3、 of Evening,translated by Michele Hutchison.Thenovel,tells of a girl whose brother dies in a skating accident and draws from Rijnevelds ownexperiences：when they were three,their 12-year-old brother was knocked over and killedby a bus.Rijnevelds language renders（重现）lhe world again,revealing the shock
4、s and violenceof early youth through the angle of a Dutch dairy farm.The strangeness of a child looking atthe strangeness of the world is in it,“said judges of the work.The Discomfort of Evening is one of six novels in the running for the InternationalBooker,each of which,n said chair of judges Ted
5、Hodgkinson,restlessly reinvents（重塑）received narratives,from foundational myths to family folklore,plunging us intodiscomfiting and delightful encounters with selves in a state of transition（过渡）.Hodgkinson chaired a panel（专家组）of five judges who selected the shortlist from 124submissions.The coronavir
6、us pandemic meant their meeting had to be virtual,butHodgkinson said he and his panel still managed to discuss the line-up for more than six hours.The winner will be announced on 19 May.（1）We can learn from the 2nd paragraph that B.A.Rijneveld is a young male writer.B.Rijneveld and the translator Mi
7、chele Hutchison will share the$50,000 prize.C.Daisy Johnson was the youngest writer shortlisted for a Booker prize this year.D.The Discomfort of Evening is partly adapted from Rijnevelds own experiences.第1页 共4 2页(2)Which can we infer from the passage?BA.Rijneveld*s brother died from a skating accide
8、nt.B.The judges of the work speak highly of Rijnevelds language.C.Six novels reveal the shocks and violence of early youth on a Dutch dairy farm.D.Hodgkinson and his panel were unhappy to discuss the line-up online for over six hours.(3)Why did the panel have a virtual judging meeting?AA.Because of
9、the coronavirus pandemic.B Because there were too many submissions.C.Because it was more effective online.D.Because the judges lives too far away from each other.(4)What is the most suitable title of the passage?BA.Booker prize winner will be announcedB.Rijneveld,one of the most youngest Booker winn
10、erC.International Booker prize shortlist led by 28-year-olds debutD.The Discomfort of Evening a novel running for the International Booker【解答】(1)B.推理判断题.根据第二段 The author,who identifies as male and uses thepronouns they/them,was shortlisted after a six-hour virtual(虚 拟 的)judging meeting forthe 50,000
11、 prize,which is shared equally between writer and translator,for TheDiscomfort of Evening,translated by Michele Hutchison.经过六个小时的虚拟(虚拟)评判会议，作者入围，并获得5 万英镑的奖金，该奖项由作家和翻译者Michele Hutchison平均分.可知，Rijneveld和翻译Michele Hutchison将分享5 万英镑的奖金.故选B.(2)B.推理判断题.根据第三段 Rijnevelds language renders(重 现)the world again
12、,revealing the shocks and violence of early youth through the angle of aDutch dairy farm.里涅维尔德的语言再次再现了这个世界，通过荷兰一家奶牛场的角度揭示了早期青年的震惊和暴力.可知，作品的评委们高度评价里涅维尔德的语言.故选B.(3)A.细节理解题.根据最后一段 The coronavirus pandemic meant their meeting had tobe virtual,冠状病毒大流行意味着他们的会议必须是虚拟的.可知，小组举行虚拟评审会议是于冠状病毒大流行.故选A.(4)B.标题判断题.阅
13、读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了荷兰作家玛丽第2页 共4 2页卢卡斯里斯内维尔德(Marieke Lucas Rijneveld)成为首位获得布克奖提名的最年轻作家之 一.故选B.2.lb me,life without music would not be exciting.I realize that this is not true foreverybody.Many people get along quite well without going to the concert,or listening to therecord.But music plays an impor
14、tant part in everyones life,whether he realizes it ornot.Try to imagine,for example,what films or TV plays would be like withoutmusic.Would the feelings,the moving plots and the greatest interests be so exciting ordramatic?Im not sure about it.Now we have been speaking of music in its more common me
15、aning the kind of music wehear in the concert hall.But if we look at some parts of music more carefully,we discoverthem in our everyday life too in the rhythm of the sea,themelodyof a bird in the woods and soon.So music surely has meaning fbr everyone,in some way or other.And,of course,it has specia
16、l meaning for those who have spent all their lives working on playing or writingmusic.It is well said,Through music a child enters a world of beauty,expresses himself fromhis heart feels the joy of doing things alone,learns to take care of others,develops his mindand makes his body strong.”(1)What d
17、oes the writer say more about in the text?BA.Life full of musicB The importance of musicC.Life without musicD.The development of music(2)From the text,we learn that many people C.A.get along quite well without musicB.go to the concert instead of enjoying musicC.dont realize the importance of musicD.
18、think music would be less exciting than films(3)What does the underlined word melody in the second paragraph mean in the text?_DA.Living.第3页 共4 2页B.Looking.C.Flying.D.Singing.(4)From the last paragraph,we learn that music B.A.is very necessary for our everyday lifeB.is very important,especially for
19、childrenC.can make our life exciting and dramaticD.can enter into another beautiful world【解答】(1)B.细节理解题.由全文，特别是第一句话”To me,life without musicwould not be exciting”对我来说，没有音乐的生活不会令人兴奋”，可知，本文讲的是音乐的重要性.故选B.(2)C.推理判断题.由第一段的第二和第三两句话Many people get along quitewell without going to the concert,and listening
20、to the record.But musicplays an important part in everyones life,whether he realizes it or not”许多人相处得很好，没有去听音乐会，听唱片.但是音乐在每个人的生活中都起着重要的作用，无论他是否意识到这一点.可知，很多人认识不到音乐的重要性.故选C.(3)D.词义猜测题.根据上下文可知 in the rhythm of the sea,the melody ofa bird in the woods and so on句意为在海洋的节奏中，在树林中的鸟儿的旋律等等.可知这里指鸟的歌唱.故选D.(4)B.推
21、理判断题.根据最后一段列举的Through music a child enters into aworld of beauty,expresses himself from his heart,feels the joy of doingthings alone,learns to take care of others,develops his mind and makeshis body strong通过音乐，孩子进入美的世界，发自内心地表达自己，感到独自做事的快乐，学会照顾他人，发展自己的思想，使自己的身体强壮.可知音乐是非常重要的，尤其是对孩子.故选B.3.Loneliness hu
22、rts.It is psychologically distressing and so physically unhealthy that beinglonely increases the likelihood of an earlier death by 26 percent.But psychologists think ithurts so much because,like hunger and thirst,loneliness acts as a biological alarm bell.On March 26,just as the COVID-19 pandemic gr
23、ipped the world,researchers fromthe Massachusetts Institute of Technology posted a report on bioRxiv.It is the first study in第4页 共4 2页humans to show that both loneliness and hunger share signals deep in a part of the brain thatgoverns very basic impulses for reward and motivation.So,our need to conn
24、ect isapparently as fundamental as our need to eat.The researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging（fMRI）to compare brainresponses to loneliness and hunger.40 adult participants underwent a 10-hour sessiondepriving（剥 夺）them of food and another 10-hour session denying them socialcontact.Bot
25、h sessions served as a control（对照）condition for each other.The social-isolation condition was challenging to arrange.Some people are lonely in acrowd,while others enjoy solitude To induce（弓 I 起）not just objective isolation but subjectivefeelings of loneliness,the researchers had the participants spe
26、nd their time from 9A.M.to7 P.M.in a room at the laboratory without phones,laptops or even novels in case fictionalcharacters provided some social support.Puzzles were allowed,as was preapprovednonfiction reading or writing.Researchers then focused on a midbrain region called the substantia nigra,a
27、center ofdopamine（多巴胺）release involved with motivation and desire.The dopaminergicresponse shows a strong wanting.In the scanner,participants saw images of their preferredforms of social interaction and of their favorite foods,as well as a control image offlowers.It was then found that the substanti
28、a nigra responded only to cues of what they hadbeen deprived of.The magnitude of the response correlated with the subjects self-reports ofhow hungry or lonely they were,though the feelings of hunger were consistently stronger.Finally,the researchers used machine learning to confirm their findings.A
29、softwareclassifier trained to recognize neural patterns during fasting（斋戒）proved able to recognizesimilar neural patterns from the social-isolation condition even thoughit had never seenthem.So there seems to be an underlying shared neural signature between the two states.Even before the COVID-19 pa
30、ndemic,an obvious next question for the work waswhether different forms of social media could satisfy the need for social connection.Thoseresearchers were never able to get funding for such a study.But now it seems they will.（1）The report posted on March 26 C.A.is based on the social-isolation condi
31、tion during the pandemic第5页 共4 2页B.is the first study on the effect of loneliness on human beingsC.reflects the similarity between loneliness and hungerD.shows human need for reward and motivation(2)What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?BA.Why inducing feelings of loneliness was challenging.B How lonelin
32、ess was created among participants.C.Why participants were denied access to phones.D.How researchers compared brain responses.(3)We can infer that participants1 substantia nigra showed A response(s)to the imageof flowers.A.littleB.variousC.strongD.consistent(4)What does the underlined it in Paragrap
33、h 6 refer to?DA.The neural signature.B.Fasting.C Machine learning.D.The classifier.【解答】(1 )C.细节理解题。根据第一段中 But psychologists think it hurts so much because,like hunger and thirst,loneliness acts as a biological alarm bell.可知但心理学家认为它之所以如此痛苦，是因为像饥饿和口渴一样，孤独就像一个生理上的警钟一样，给人敲响了生理上的警钟。由此可知，这份发表于3 月2 6 日的报告反
34、映了孤独和饥饿之间的相似性。故选C.(2)B.段落大意题。根据第四段中 Some people are lonely in a crowd,while others enjoysolitude To induce not just objective isolation but subjective feelings of loneliness,theresearchers had the participants spend their time from 9 A.M.to 7 P.M.in a room at thelaboratory without phones,laptops or
35、even novels in case fictional characters provided somesocial support.Puzzles were allowed,as was preapproved nonfiction reading or writing.可知有些人在人群中是孤独的，而另一些人则喜欢孤独，为了诱发不只是客观上的孤独感，第6页 共4 2页而是主观上的孤独感，研究人员让参与者在实验室的一个房间里度过他们的时间，从早上 9 点到晚上7 点，没有电话、笔记本电脑甚至小说，以备虚构人物提供一些社会支持。拼图是允许的，因为是预先批准的非小说阅读或写作。由此可知，第四段
36、主旨大意是参与者之间如何产生孤独感。故选B.（3）A.推理判断题。根据第五段中 In the scanner,participants saw images of their preferredforms of social interaction and of their favorite foods,as well as a control image of flowers.Itwas then found that the substantia nigra responded only to cues of what they had been deprivedof.The magnit
37、ude of the response correlated with the subjects self-reports of how hungry orlonely they were,though the feelings of hunger were consistently stronger.nJ知在扫描仪中，参与者看到的是他们喜欢的社交形式和他们最喜欢的食物的图象，以及鲜花的控制图象。然后发现，黑质体只对被剥夺的东西的线索作出反应。该反应的大小与受试者的自我报告的饥饿或孤独程度相关，尽管饥饿感持续较强。结合上文可知参与者是没有花的，由此可推知，参与者的黑质体对花的形象几乎没有反应。
38、A.little几乎没有；B.various各种各样的；C.strong强壮的；D.consistent一致的。故选A.（4）D.代词指代题。根据上文 A software classifier trained to recognize neural patternsduring fasting proved able to recognize similar neural patterns from the social-isolationcondition可知事实证明，经过训练的软件分类器能够识别禁食期间的神经模式，尽管它（软件分类器）从未“看到”过类似的神经模式，但它还是能够识别出社会隔
39、离状态下的类似神经模式。由此可知，it指代是上文中的”软件分类器”，故选D.4.Dolphin（海 月 豕）or not a dolphin?That is the question!You see,there are several typesof dolphins.Some are saltwater dolphins while others are river dolphins.“What are the 32 types of dolphins?When people are asking the question,they areactually referring to the
40、saltwater dolphins in oceans and seas.The river dolphins living infresh water are not included in these species（物种）.But what would be the answer in thiscase if we ask,“Dolphin or not a dolphin?The answer would obviously be yes.Riverdolphins still belong to the dolphin family.Among the 32 types of do
41、lphins,some do not actually wear the word dolphin in theirnames,such as the lucuxi,while others actually have the word whale as part of their nameseven if they are not whales but in fact,belong to the dolphin family,for example,the melon-headed whale and the killer whale.So what would be the answer
42、to the question dolphin第7页 共4 2页or not a dolphin?”in these cases?It would be yes.All these species do belong to thedolphin family.Another question that people ask is,“Are the sea animals that perform at aquariums(水族 馆)all dolphins?So,it always seems to come back to the question,nDolphin or not adolp
43、hin?”Well the answer is no in this case.The sea animals that perform there are not alldolphins.The beluga which people tend to think belong to the dolphin family because theyshow what seems like a smile,like most dolphins,are in fact a species of the whale family.Now that you read these facts about
44、dolphins,you probably realize that certain seaanimals may appear to be part of the dolphin species and that others seem to be part of thewhale family but in either case,it is not obvious and can be surprising when you identify a seaanimal as being a dolphin or not a dolphin.That is the question!(1)W
45、hich of the following actually belongs to the whale family?BA.The tucuxi.B.The beluga.C.The killer whale.D.The melon-headed whale.(2)What do we know about the majority of the dolphins?BA.They perform for audience.B.They appear friendly.C.They look like whales.D.They live in fresh water.(3)What parag
46、raph could be added about dolphins before the last paragraph if you were theauthor?DA.The living area.B.Dolphin training.C.The eating habits.D.Further identification.(4)This article can be classified as A.A.popular science第8页 共4 2页B.literary fictionC a news reportD.a travel diary【解答】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第五段
47、中The beluga which people tend to think belong tothe dolphin family because they show what seems like a smile,like most dolphins,are in facta species of the whale family”人们往往认为白鲸属于海豚家族，因为它们表现出的微笑，就像大多数海豚一样，实际上是鲸鱼家族的一种）”可知，the beluga实际上是属于鲸鱼家族。故选B 项。（2）B.推理判断题。根据第五段中The beluga which people tend to thi
48、nk belong to thedolphin family because they show what seems like a smile,like most dolphins（人们往往认为白鲸属于海豚家族，因为它们表现出的微笑，就像大多数海豚一样）。可以推断，大部分海豚看起来向在对人微笑，看起来很友好。故选B 项。（3）D.推理判断题。根据最后一段中but in either case,it is not obvious and canbe surprisingwhen you identify a sea animal as being a dolphin or not a dolp
49、hin.That isthequestion!（但在这两种情况下，当你将海洋动物识别为是海豚或不是海豚时，这并不明显，也可能令人惊讶。这就是问题所在！）”可以推断，如果在最后一段前补充关于海豚的内容，应该补充说明如何进一步识别海洋动物是否属于海豚家族。故选D 项。（4）A.推理判断题。文章是关于海豚的种类，介绍了如何识别海洋动物是否属于海豚物种的有关知识，因此是属于科普类的文章。故选A 项。5.Experience all the most famous sights in Copenhagen with our Hop On-Hop Off and CitySightseeing tours
50、 equipped with audio guide in II languages.Choose between three differentroutes that will take you through different and diverse areas of the city：The ClassicCopenhagen tour,the Urban Green tour or the Colorful Copenhagen tour.It is up to you ifyou want to stay on board for a full ride or if you wan