《2021年江苏省高考英语总复习：阅读理解.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2021年江苏省高考英语总复习：阅读理解.pdf（44页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、2021年 江 苏 省 高 考 英 语 总 复 习：阅 读 理 解 1.As we continue to explore farther out into our solar system and beyond,the question ofhumans living on other planets often comes up.Manned bases on the Moon or Mars forexample,have long been a dream of many.There is a natural desire to explore as far as wecan go,a
2、nd also to extend humanitys presence on a permanent（永 久 的）or at least semi-permanent basis.In order to do this,however,it is necessary to adapt to differentextreme environments.On the Moon for example,a colony must be self-sustaining（自 立 的）and protect its inhabitants from the airless,harsh environme
3、nt outside.Mars,though,is different.While future bases could adapt to the Martian environmentover time there is also the possibility of modifying（改 变）the suirounding environmentinstead of just co-existing with it.This is the process of terraforming-adjusting Marsatmosphere and environment to make it
4、 more Earth-like.But the bigger question is,shouldwe?One of the main issues is whether Mars has any native life or not and if it does,should itbe preserved（保 护）as much as possible?If the answer is yes,then large-scale humansettlements on Mars should be completely off-limits.Small colonies might be f
5、ine,butliving on Mars should not be at the expense of any native habitats,if they exist.If Mars ishome to any indigenous life,then terraforming should be a non-issue；it simply should notbe done.What if Mars is lifeless?Even if no life exists there,that untouched and unique alienenvironment needs to
6、be preserved as it is as much as possible.Weve already done too muchdamage here on our own planet.By studying Mars and other planets and moons in theircurrent natural state,we can learn so much about their history and also learn more about ourown world.We should appreciate the differences of other w
7、orlds instead of just transformingthem to suit our own ambitions.（1）What is the best title for the text?BA.Are Mars and Earth So Different?B.Should we terraform Mars?第 1 页 共 4 4 页C.Can we adapt to Mars?D.Is there life on Mars?(2)What does the author think we should do if life is found on Mars?AA.Ens
8、ure that its not harmed.B.Discuss with the Martians.C.Change the unpopulated regions.D.Reconsider the advantages and disadvantages.(3)What does the underlined word indigenous in paragraph 3 mean?DA.Complex.B.Intelligent.C.Foreign.D.Native.(4)How does the author develop his ideas in the text?CA.By re
9、ferring to others*research.B.By showing the benefits of terraforming.C.By arguing in support of one viewpoint.D.By examining the conditions of different planets.【解 答】(1)B.标 题 归 纳 题。根 据 第 二 段 Mars,though,is different.While futurebases could adapt to the Martian environment over time,there is also the
10、possibility of modifying the surrounding environment instead of just co-existing with it.This is the process of terraforming-adjusting Mars*atmosphere and environment to make it more Earth-like.But the biggerquestion is,should w e?不 过，火 星 是 不 同 的.虽 然 未 来 的 基 地 可 以 随 着 时 间 的 推 移 而 适 应 火 星 的 环 境，但 也 有
11、 可 能 改 变 周 围 的 环 境，而 不 仅 仅 是 与 之 共 存.这 是 一 个 地 形 形 成 的 过 程-调 整 火 星 的 大 气 和 环 境，使 其 更 像 地 球.但 更 大 的 问 题 是，我 们 应 该 吗”，以 及 第 三 段“One of the main issues is whether Mars has any native lifeor not and if it does,should it be preserved as much as possible?Ifthe answer is yes,then large-scale human settleme
12、nts on Mars should becompletely off-limits.其 中 一 个 主 要 问 题 是 火 星 是 否 有 原 生 生 命，如 果 有，是 否 应 该 尽 可 能 地 保 存 下 来？如 果 答 案 是 肯 定 的，那 么 火 星 上 大 规 模 的 人 类 住 区 应 该 是 完 全 禁 止 的。第 2 页 共 4 4 页“可 知 本 文 主 要 讲 述 了 当 我 们 继 续 探 索 更 远 的 太 阳 系 和 更 远 的 地 方 时，生 活 在 其 他 星 球 上 的 人 类 的 问 题 经 常 出 现.但 是 调 整 火 星 的 大 气 和 环 境，使
13、 其 更 像 地 球 吗？所 以“B.Shouldwe terraform M a rs?作 为 题 目 最 合 适。故 选 B.(2)A.细 节 理 解 题。根 据 第 三 段 One of the main issues is whether Mars has any native lifeor not and if it does,should it be preserved as much as possible?If the answer is yes,thenlarge-scale human settlements on Mars should be completely off
14、-limits.Small colonicsmight be fine,but living on Mars should not be at the expense of any native habitats,if theyexist.其 中 一 个 主 要 问 题 是，火 星 上 是 否 有 原 生 生 命，如 果 有，是 否 应 该 尽 可 能 多 地 保 存 下 来？如 果 答 案 是 肯 定 的，那 么 火 星 上 的 大 规 模 人 类 定 居 点 应 该 是 完 全 禁 止 的。小 型 殖 民 地 也 许 可 以，但 是 如 果 它 们 存 在 的 话，生 活 在 火 星 上，
15、不 应 该 以 牺 牲 任 何 原 生 栖 息 地 为 代 价。”可 知 如 果 火 星 上 有 生 命，作 者 认 为 我 们 应 该 确 保 它 不 会 受 到 伤 害。故 选 A.(3)D.词 义 猜 测 题。根 据 文 章 第 三 段，Small colonics might be fine,but living on Marsshould not be at the expense of any native habitats,if they exist.If Mars is home toanyindigenouslife,then terraforming should be a
16、 non-issue；it simply should not be done.小 型 殖 民 地 也 许 可 以，但 生 活 在 火 星 上 不 应 该 以 牺 牲 任 何 原 生 栖 息 地 为 代 价，如 果 火 星 是 任 何 原 生 生 命 的 家 园，那 么 地 形 形 成 就 不 应 该 是 一 个 问 题，根 本 不 应 该 这 样 做.可 知，划 线 单 词 意 为：本 土 的，结 合 选 项：A.Complex复 杂 的；B.Intelligent聪 明 的；C.Foreign外 国 的.D.Native本 土 的。故 选 D.(4)C.推 理 判 断 题。根 据 第 三
17、段 One of the main issues is whether Mars has any native lifeor not and if it does,should it be preserved as much as possible?If the answer is yes,thenlarge-scale human settlements on Mars should be completely off-limits.Small colonicsmight be fine,but living on Mars should not be at the expense of a
18、ny native habitats,if theyexist.其 中 一 个 主 要 问 题 是，火 星 上 是 否 有 原 生 生 命，如 果 有，是 否 应 该 尽 可 能 多 地 保 存 下 来？如 果 答 案 是 肯 定 的，那 么 火 星 上 的 大 规 模 人 类 定 居 点 应 该 是 完 全 禁 止 的。小 型 殖 民 地 也 许 可 以，但 是 如 果 它 们 存 在 的 话，生 活 在 火 星 上，不 应 该 以 牺 牲 任 何 原 生 栖 息 地 为 代 价。以 及 根 据 第 四 段 What if Mars is lifeless?Even if no life e
19、xiststhere,that untouched and unique alien environment needs to be preservedas it is as much as possible.如 果 火 星 是 没 有 生 命 的 呢？即 使 那 里 没 有 生 命 存 在，也 需 要 尽 可 能 地 保 护 未 受 影 响 和 独 特 的 外 星 环 境。”可 知 作 者 是 通 过 辩 论 来 支 持 自 己 的 观 点。故 选 C.第 3 页 共 4 4 页2.The year 2019 saw the end of the hit sitcom The Big Ban
20、g Theory.Now,anotherpopular comedy,Modem Family,follows in their footsteps.After 1 1 seasons the finalepisode aired on April 8,bringing an end to a sitcom widely recognized as one of thefunniest and most decorated sitcoms of this century*,according to EOnline.Hitting our screens in 2009,the show cla
21、imed 22 Emmys in total,an American awardthat recognizes excellence in television.At its peak the show attracted over 9 million viewersfor its relatable family dynamic,loveable characters and mockumentary（伪 纪 录 片）style.In this format,characters can convey their own thoughts and feelings directly to t
22、heaudience via a short sit-down interview.Over the course of the series,fans have witnessed the Pritchett-Dunphy-Tucker clan（家 族），an extended Los Angeles family,overcome the trials and iribulalions of anymodem family,including death,adoption and mental health.The big familys highs and lows have made
23、 it so relatable that we see them as part of ourown family and care about their stories.From fights between siblings（兄 弟 姐 妹）toparental disagreement about childrens education,the show,despite being a comedy,dealswith serious modern issues that are familiar to the audience.Despite its success,showrun
24、ners admitted that the sitcom had been running on fumes（Jn劲 不 足 的）during the last few seasons.The final episode went as expected,with thegrowing branches of each family going their separate ways following one giant on-screenembrace involving every cast member.As the camera cut to each departing fami
25、ly member,Jay Pritchett,the patriarch（大 家 长）of the family,expressed an important theme of the show.Life is full of change.Ilearned a long time ago you can fight it,or you can try to make the best of it.And thats awhole lot easier if youve got people helping you face whatever life throws at you,he sa
26、idemotionally.Just as the final episode concluded,fans were treated to one last heartfelt moment.Aseach family switched off their porch（I 1 廊）light,Claire asks Phil（a couple in the show）what theyll do now that their kids have grown up and moved on.Phil said,Leave the porchlight on-they come back,a s
27、ubtle（巧 妙 的）hint that the show might someday return.第 4 页 共 4 4 页(1)How can we define Modern Family?DA.A mockumentary series about an extended familys history.B.Sit-down interviews about peoples emotional problems.C.A comedy encouraging people to adapt to changes.D.A sitcom about funny family storie
28、s and social issues.(2)Why has Modern Family appealed to the audience so much?CA.It applies a variety of shooting formats.B It won the most Emmy Awards.C.Its characters,plot and style are quite relatable.D.It teaches them how to deal with challenges in life.(3)What does the underlined phrase trials
29、and tribulations in Paragraph 3 probably mean?BA fearsB.problemsC changesD.boundaries(4)What does Modern Family convey to us,according to Jay Pritchett?CA.Parenting and education are important.B.Fighting is the best way to handle changes.C.Life will be easier if you are able to get help.D.Changes in
30、 life shape a harmonious family.【解 答】（1）D.推 理 判 断 题.根 据 第 一 段 的 bringing an end to a sitcom widely recognized asone of the funniest and most decorated sitcoms of this century该 情 景 喜 剧 收 尾，广 泛 的 被 认 可 为 本 世 纪 最 滑 稽 最 有 扮 相 的 情 景 喜 剧 之 一。可 知，Modem Family是 一 部 关 于 有 趣 的 家 第 5 页 共 4 4 页庭 故 事 和 社 会 问 题 的
31、 情 景 喜 剧。故 选 D。(2)C.推 理 判 断 题.根 据 第 四 段 的 The big familys highs and lows have made it so relatablethat we see them as part of our own family and care about their stories.大 家 庭 的 起 落 使 得 它 如 此 好 理 解 以 至 于 我 们 把 它 们 看 作 是 我 们 自 己 家 庭 的 一 部 分，关 心 着 他 们 的 家 庭 生 活。可 知，此 故 事 与 我 们 的 生 活 密 切 相 关，里 面 的 人 物
32、性 格、情 节 和 风 格 都 好 理 解，我 们 都 很 关 心 这 部 电 视 剧 的 剧 情 发 展。故 选 C。(3)B.词 义 猜 测 题.根 据 第 三 段 overcome the trials and tribulations of any modern family,including death,adoption and mental health.克 服 现 代 家 庭 的 the trials and tribulations,包 括 死 亡，收 养 和 心 理 健 康，因 此 推 断 克 服 的 是 困 难 或 者 问 题，A.fears恐 惧；B.problems问
33、 题；C.changes 改 变；D.boundaries 界 限。故 选 B。(4)C.推 理 判 断 题.根 据 第 六 段 的 expressed an important theme of the show.Life is full ofchange.I learned a long time ago you can fight it,or you can try to make the best of it.Andthats a whole lot easier if youve got people helping you face whatever life throws at
34、you,”他 表 达 了 此 剧 一 个 重 要 的 主 题 就 是：生 活 充 满 了 变 化，我 了 解 到 O 如 果 你 在 遭 遇 生 活 的 困 难 的 时 候，得 到 别 人 的 帮 助，那 会 让 生 活 变 得 容 易 得 多。故 选 C。3.Loneliness hurts.It is psychologically distressing and so physically unhealthy that beinglonely increases the likelihood of an earlier death by 26 percent.But psychologi
35、sts think ithurts so much because,like hunger and thirst,loneliness acts as a biological alarm bell.On March 26,just as the COVID-19 pandemic gripped the world,researchers fromthe Massachusetts Institute of Technology posted a report on bioRxiv.It is the first study inhumans to show that both loneli
36、ness and hunger share signals deep in a part of the brain thatgoverns very basic impulses for reward and motivation.So,our need to connect isapparently as fundamental as our need to eat.The researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)to compare brainresponses to loneliness and hunger
37、.40 adult participants underwent a 10-hour sessiondepriving(剥 夺)them of food and another 10-hour session denying them socialcontact.Both sessions served as a control(对 照)condition for each other.The social-isolation condition was challenging to arrange.Some people are lonely in acrowd,while others e
38、njoy solitude To induce(弓 I 起)not just objective isolation but subjectivefeelings of loneliness,the researchers had the participants spend their time from 9 A.M.to第 6 页 共 4 4 页7 P.M.in a room at the laboratory without phones,laptops or even novels in case fictionalcharacters provided some social sup
39、port.Puzzles were allowed,as was preapprovednonfiction reading or writing.Researchers then focused on a midbrain region called the substantia nigra,a center ofdopamine(多 巴 胺)release involved with motivation and desire.The dopaminergicresponse shows a strong wanting.In the scanner,participants saw im
40、ages of their preferredforms of social interaction and of their favorite foods,as well as a control image offlowers.It was then found that the substantia nigra responded only to cues of what they hadbeen deprived of.The magnitude of the response correlated with the subjects self-reports ofhow hungry
41、 or lonely they were,though the feelings of hunger were consistently stronger.Finally,the researchers used machine learning to confirm their findings.A softwareclassifier trained to recognize neural patterns during fasting(斋 戒)proved able to recognizesimilar neural patterns from the social-isolation
42、 condition even thoughit had never seen”them.So there seems to be an underlying shared neural signature between the two states.Even before the COVID-19 pandemic,an obvious next question for the work waswhether different forms of social media could satisfy the need for social connection.Thoseresearch
43、ers were never able to get funding for such a study.But now it seems they will.第 7 页 共 4 4 页(1)The report posted on March 26 C.A.is based on the social-isolation condition during the pandemicB.is the first study on the effect of loneliness on human beingsC.reflects the similarity between loneliness
44、and hungerD.shows human need for reward and motivation(2)What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?BA.Why inducing feelings of loneliness was challenging.B.How loneliness was created among participants.C.Why participants were denied access to phones.D.How researchers compared brain responses.(3)We can infer
45、that participants1 2 3 substantia nigra showed A response(s)to the imageof flowers.A.littleB.variousC.strongD.consistent(4)What does the underlined itn in Paragraph 6 refer to?DA.The neural signature.B.Fasting.C.Machine learning.D.The classifier.【解 答】(1)C.细 节 理 解 题。根 据 第 一 段 中 But psychologists thin
46、k it hurts so much because,like hunger and thirst,loneliness acts as a biological alarm bell.可 知 但 心 理 学 家 认 为 它 之 所 以 如 此 痛 苦，是 因 为 像 饥 饿 和 口 渴 一 样，孤 独 就 像 一 个 生 理 上 的 警 钟 一 样，给 人 敲 响 了 生 理 上 的 警 钟。由 此 可 知，这 份 发 表 于 3月 2 6日 的 报 告 反 映 了 孤 独 和 饥 饿 之 间 的 相 似 性。故 选 C.(2)B.段 落 大 意 题。根 据 第 四 段 中 Some peo
47、ple are lonely in a crowd,while others enjoysolitude To induce not just objective isolation but subjective feelings of loneliness,theresearchers had the participants spend their time from 9 A.M.to 7 P.M.in a room at thelaboratory without phones,laptops or even novels in case fictional characters pro
48、vided somesocial support.Puzzles were allowed,as was preapproved nonfiction reading or writing.可 知 有 些 人 在 人 群 中 是 孤 独 的，而 另 一 些 人 则 喜 欢 孤 独，为 了 诱 发 不 只 是 客 观 上 的 孤 独 感，而 是 主 观 上 的 孤 独 感，研 究 人 员 让 参 与 者 在 实 验 室 的 一 个 房 间 里 度 过 他 们 的 时 间，从 早 上 9 点 到 晚 上 7 点，没 有 电 话、笔 记 本 电 脑 甚 至 小 说，以 备 虚 构 人 物 提 供 一
49、 些 社 会 支 持。拼 图 是 允 许 的，因 为 是 预 先 批 准 的 非 小 说 阅 读 或 写 作。由 此 可 知，第 四 段 主 旨 大 意 是 参 与 者 之 间 如 何 产 生 孤 独 感。故 选 B.(3)A.推 理 判 断 题。根 据 第 五 段 中 In the scanner,participants saw images of their preferredforms of social interaction and of their favorite foods,as well as a control image of flowers.Itwas then fo
50、und that the substantia nigra responded only to cues of what they had been deprivedof.The magnitude of the response correlated with the subjects self-reports of how hungry orlonely they were,though the feelings of hunger were consistently stronger.可 知 在 扫 描 仪 中，参 与 者 看 到 的 是 他 们 喜 欢 的 社 交 形 式 和 他 们