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1、2021年 广 东 省 高 考 英 语 总 复 习：阅 读 理 解 1.Edgar Allan Poe was an American writer who helped shape the course of Americanliterature.His life was full of tragedies,but he had the great influence on the 19th-centuryAmerican literature and continues to influence writers to this day.The early life of Edgar All
2、an Poe was quite unhappy.Born in 1809,Poe was not yet threeyears old when his parents died.Adopted by a wealthy family,he got into trouble at school.Heentered the United States Military Academy at West Point,but he dropped out withoutgraduating.His miseryC 不 幸）continued to his adult life.Later,becau
3、se of a failed marriage,he suffered from mental illness.He was so upset about real life that he turned towriting.Expressing himself in an unreal and imaginary world was his only comfort.The tragedies in Poes life influenced the tone,style and contents of his writing.Hisstories usually include death,
4、which help build his reputation as a master of dark literature.Inhis The Tell-Tale Heart,the main character goes crazy and kills his roommate while in TheBlack Cat,the main character kills his cat in a fit of madness.Poe died at the age of 40 in 1849.His life is short,but his influence is very great
5、.Poe iscredited with（被 誉 为）creating crime fiction,and many say he contributed greatly to theappearance of science fiction.Fascinated（着 迷）by the scientific theories and new inventionsof his time,he wrote about imaginary societies in the future.Writers such as Arthur ConanDoyle,the author of Sherlock
6、Holmes,regarded Poe as the father of detective fiction.JulesVerne,a French writer who helped popularize science fiction,said Poes work had a directinfluence on the stories he wrote.（1）Poe began to write to B.A.earn his livingB.find comfort in writingC.build a good reputationD.create a beautiful worl
7、d（2）It can be learnt that Poes works often reflect B.A.soldiers*life第 1 页 共 4 3 页B.his own life storiesC.a sense of peaceD.some political problems(3)Which can best show Poe*s inlluence on literature according to the last paragraph?AA.His creation of crime fiction.B,His unique writing experience.C.Hi
8、s creation of scientific theories.D.His contribution to new inventions.(4)Whafs the best title of the text?DA.American literature and writersB Escape from real life and find comfortC.Edgar Allan Poe：a misunderstood poetD.Edgar Allan Poe：a tragic yet talented writer【解 答】(1)B.细 节 理 解 题。根 据 文 章 第 二 段 H
9、e was so upset about real life that he turned towriting.Expressing himself in an unreal and imaginary world was his only comfort 他 对 现 实 生 活 很 不 安，于 是 转 向 写 作。表 达 他 在 一 个 虚 幻 和 虚 幻 的 世 界 里，这 是 他 唯 一 的 安 慰，可 知，埃 德 加 爱 伦 坡 开 始 写 作 是 为 了 在 文 学 世 界 里 找 到 安 慰。故 选 B.(2)B.推 理 判 断 题。根 据 文 章 第 三 段 The traged
10、ies in Poes life influenced the tone,style andcontents of his writing坡 一 生 中 的 悲 剧 影 响 了 他 的 创 作 基 调、风 格 和 内 容，可 知，埃 德 加 爱 伦 坡 的 作 品 反 映 了 他 自 己 的 人 生。故 选 B.(3)A.细 节 理 解 题。根 据 文 章 最 后 一 段 Poe is credited with(被 誉 为)creating crime fiction,and many say he contributed greatly to the appearance of scien
11、ce fiction.坡 被 认 为 是 仓 U 作 推 理 小 说 的 功 臣，许 多 人 说 他 对 科 幻 小 说 的 出 现 做 出 了 巨 大 贡 献。可 知，埃 德 加 爱 伦 坡 被 看 作 是 推 理 小 说 的 开 山 鼻 祖，故 选 A.(4)D.标 题 判 断 题。本 文 主 要 讲 述 了 埃 德 加 爱 伦 坡 悲 惨 的 人 生 经 历 及 他 对 1 9世 纪 文 学 的 影 响，Edgar Allan Poe：a tragic yet talented writer 是 最 合 适 的 标 题。故 选 D.2.Education officials and in
12、dustry experts are debating the future of online learning.Thediscussion is important because hundreds of universities in the United States have recentlymoved classes online because of the spread of the novel coronavirus(冠 状 病 毒).For Asha Choksi,the rise of Internet-based or online study programs has
13、 led to major第 2 页 共 4 3 页improvements in higher education.Its actually given a lot more power to students in termsof how,when and where they learn,*the head of research for Pearson Education said.Classes meet online through video conferencing.In this way,students are able tocommunicate with each ot
14、her and their professors even when they are far away fromschool.However,recent research suggests the majority of college students and professorsprefer in-person instruction,because they are concerned that companies supervisingC 监 管)online learning programs are not clear about the policies the school
15、s have.Students see in-class lectures as opportunities to engage with instructors,peers,andcontent.the researchers wrote.In-person learning is especially important in fields likehealthcare and teaching.Online education can never really take its place,said Stephanie Hall,a fellow with the independent
16、 policy research group The Century Foundation.Students needto experience what theyre learning about,reading about or hearing about in theclassroom.And I dont know yet the degree to which technology can facilitate that.”When schools make agreements with online program managers to run their onlineprog
17、rams,they often do not make important information available to students,Hallsaid.This includes how much control the company has over the design of the program orwhether the teacher leading the classes was involved in their design.In addition,manycolleges and universities advertise online programs as
18、 a low cost opportunity for students.Butin some cases,students attending in-person classes get financial aid and online students donot.(1)What does Choksi think of the online study programs?AA.They offer students more choices in study.B.They reform the countrys education system.C.They provide advanc
19、ed scientific knowledge.D.They promote the development of technology.(2)According to most college students and professors,whats the advantage of in-personlearning?CA.It is convenient.B.It costs less to study.第 3 页 共 4 3 页C.It can better meet school policies.D.It can improve students communication sk
20、ills.(3)What does the underlined word facilitate probably mean in paragraph 4?CA.changeB.applyC.achieveD.control(4)What is Halls attitude towards online education?BA.Hopeful.B.Critical.C.Uncaring.D.Neutral.【解 答】(1)A.推 理 判 断 题。根 据 文 章 第 二 段 中”Its actually given a lot more power tostudents in terms of
21、 how,when and where they le a r n,”实 际 上，它 在 学 生 如 何、何 时、在 哪 里 学 习 方 面 赋 予 了 他 们 更 多 的 权 力，”由 此 可 知，C hoksi认 为 线 上 教 育 给 学 生 提 供 了 很 多 选 择。结 合 选 项，故 选 A.(2)C.推 理 判 断 题。根 据 文 章 第 三 段 中 However,recent research suggests the majority ofcollege students and professors prefer in-person instruction,because
22、 they are concerned thatcompanies supervising(监 管)online learning programs are not clear about the policies theschools have.然 而，最 近 的 研 究 表 明，大 多 数 大 学 生 和 教 授 更 喜 欢 面 授 式 教 学，因 为 他 们 担 心 负 责 监 督 在 线 学 习 项 目 的 公 司 不 清 楚 学 校 的 政 策。由 此 可 知，学 生 和 教 授 倾 向 于 面 授 课 的 原 因 是 可 以 更 好 的 贯 彻 学 习 政 策。结 合 选 项，故
23、选 C.(3)C.词 义 猜 测 题。根 据 文 章 倒 数 第 二 段 中 Students see in-class lectures as opportunitiesto engage with instructors,peers,and content.the researchers wrote.In-person learningis especially important in fields like healthcare and teaching.Online education can never reallytake its place.”学 生 将 课 堂 讲 座 视 为
24、 与 教 师、同 伴 和 内 容 交 流 的 机 会 J 研 究 人 员 写 道。面 授 学 习 在 医 疗 和 教 学 等 领 域 尤 其 重 要。独 立 政 策 研 究 组 织 世 纪 基 金 会(the centuryfoundation)的 研 究 员 斯 蒂 芬 妮 霍 尔(Stephanie hall)表 示，网 络 教 育 永 远 不 可 能 真 正 取 代 它 的 地 位。由 此 可 知，学 生 们 需 要 体 验 他 们 在 课 堂 上 学 到 的，阅 读 的 或 听 到 的 东 西。但 是 网 络 教 育 不 知 道 什 么 时 候 能 实 现 这 一 点。故 划 线 词“
25、facilitate”应 意 为“实 现”。第 4 页 共 4 3 页A.change 改 变；B.apply 申 请；C.achieve 实 现；D.control 控 制。故 选 C.（4）B.观 点 态 度 题。根 据 文 章 最 后 一 段 中 When schools make agreements with onlineprogram managers to run their online programs,they often do not make importantinformation available to students,Hall said.This includ
26、es how much control the company hasover the design of the program or whether the teacher leading the classes was involved in theirdesign.In addition,many colleges and universities advertise online programs as a low costopportunity for students.But in some cases,students attending in-person classes g
27、etfinancial aid and online students do not.霍 尔 说：当 学 校 与 在 线 项 目 经 理 达 成 协 议 来 运 行 他 们 的 在 线 项 目 时、他 们 通 常 不 会 向 学 生 提 供 重 要 的 信 息。二 这 包 括 公 司 对 程 序 的 设 计 有 多 大 的 控 制 权，或 者 领 导 班 级 的 老 师 是 否 参 与 了 他 们 的 设 计。此 外，许 多 学 院 和 大 学 宣 传 在 线 课 程 是 为 学 生 提 供 低 成 本 的 机 会。但 在 某 些 情 况 下，参 加 面 授 课 程 的 学 生 可 以 得 到
28、 经 济 资 助，而 在 线 课 程 的 学 生 则 得 不 到。由 此 可 知，H a ll并 不 支 持 在 线 教 育。A.Hopeful 有 希 望 的；B.Critical 批 评 的；C.Uncaring 不 关 心 的；D.Neutral 中 立 的。故 选 B.3.Loneliness hurts.It is psychologically distressing and so physically unhealthy that beinglonely increases the likelihood of an earlier death by 26 percent.But
29、psychologists think ithurts so much because,like hunger and thirst,loneliness acts as a biological alarm bell.On March 26,just as the COVID-19 pandemic gripped the world,researchers fromthe Massachusetts Institute of Technology posted a report on bioRxiv.It is the first study inhumans to show that b
30、oth loneliness and hunger share signals deep in a part of the brain thatgoverns very basic impulses for reward and motivation.So,our need to connect isapparently as fundamental as our need to eat.The researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging（fMRI）to compare brainresponses to loneliness
31、and hunger.40 adult participants underwent a 10-hour sessiondepriving（剥 夺）them of food and another 10-hour session denying them socialcontact.Both sessions served as a control（对 照）condition for each other.The social-isolation condition was challenging to arrange.Some people are lonely in acrowd,whil
32、e others enjoy solitude To induce（弓|起）not just objective isolation but subjectivefeelings of loneliness,the researchers had the participants spend their time from 9 A.M.to7 P.M.in a room at the laboratory without phones,laptops or even novels in case fictional第 5 页 共 4 3 页characters provided some so
33、cial support.Puzzles were allowed,as was preapprovednonfiction reading or writing.Researchers then focused on a midbrain region called the substantia nigra,a center ofdopamine(多 巴 胺)release involved with motivation and desire.The dopaminergicresponse shows a strong wanting.In the scanner,participant
34、s saw images of their preferredforms of social interaction and of their favorite foods,as well as a control image offlowers.It was then found that the substantia nigra responded only to cues of what they hadbeen deprived of.The magnitude of the response correlated with the subjects*self-reports ofho
35、w hungry or lonely they were,though the feelings of hunger were consistently stronger.Finally,the researchers used machine learning to confirm their findings.A softwareclassifier trained to recognize neural patterns during fasting(斋 戒)proved able to recognizesimilar neural patterns from the social-i
36、solation condition even thoughit had never seenthem.So there seems to be an underlying shared neural signature between the two states.Even before the COVID-19 pandemic,an obvious next question fbr the work waswhether different forms of social media could satisfy the need for social connection.Thoser
37、esearchers were never able to get funding fbr such a study.Bui now it seems they will.(1)The report posted on March 26 C.A.is based on the social-isolation condition during the pandemicB.is the first study on the effect of loneliness on human beingsC.reflects the similarity between loneliness and hu
38、ngerD.shows human need for reward and motivation(2)What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?BA.Why inducing feelings of loneliness was challenging.B.How loneliness was created among participants.C.Why participants were denied access to phones.D.How researchers compared brain responses.(3)We can infer that p
39、articipants*substantia nigra showed A response(s)to the imageof flowers.A.little第 6 页 共 4 3 页B.variousC.strongD.consistent(4)What does the underlined it in Paragraph 6 refer to?DA.The neural signature.B.Fasting.C.Machine learning.D.The classifier.【解 答】(1)C.细 节 理 解 题。根 据 第 一 段 中 But psychologists thi
40、nk it hurts so much because,like hunger and thirst,loneliness acts as a biological alarm bell.可 知 但 心 理 学 家 认 为 它 之 所 以 如 此 痛 苦，是 因 为 像 饥 饿 和 口 渴 一 样，孤 独 就 像 一 个 生 理 上 的 警 钟 一 样，给 人 敲 响 了 生 理 上 的 警 钟。由 此 可 知，这 份 发 表 于 3 月 2 6日 的 报 告 反 映 了 孤 独 和 饥 饿 之 间 的 相 似 性。故 选 C.(2)B.段 落 大 意 题。根 据 第 四 段 中 Some p
41、eople are lonely in a crowd,while others enjoysolitude To induce not just objective isolation but subjective feelings of loneliness,theresearchers had the participants spend their time from 9 A.M.to 7 P.M.in a room at thelaboratory without phones,laptops or even novels in case fictional characters p
42、rovided somesocial support.Puzzles were allowed,as was preapproved nonfiction reading or writing.可 知 有 些 人 在 人 群 中 是 孤 独 的，而 另 一 些 人 则 喜 欢 孤 独，为 了 诱 发 不 只 是 客 观 上 的 孤 独 感，而 是 主 观 上 的 孤 独 感，研 究 人 员 让 参 与 者 在 实 验 室 的 一 个 房 间 里 度 过 他 们 的 时 间，从 早 上 9 点 到 晚 上 7 点，没 有 电 话、笔 记 本 电 脑 甚 至 小 说，以 备 虚 构 人 物 提 供
43、 一 些 社 会 支 持。拼 图 是 允 许 的，因 为 是 预 先 批 准 的 非 小 说 阅 读 或 写 作。由 此 可 知，第 四 段 主 旨 大 意 是 参 与 者 之 间 如 何 产 生 孤 独 感。故 选 B.(3)A.推 理 判 断 题。根 据 第 五 段 中 In the scanner,participants saw images of their preferredforms of social interaction and of their favorite foods,as well as a control image of flowers.Itwas then
44、found that the substantia nigra responded only to cues of what they had been deprivedof.The magnitude of the response correlated with the subjects self-reports of how hungry orlonely they were,though the feelings of hunger were consistently stronger.nJ知 在 扫 描 仪 中，参 与 者 看 到 的 是 他 们 喜 欢 的 社 交 形 式 和 他
45、们 最 喜 欢 的 食 物 的 图 象，以 及 鲜 花 的 控 制 图 象。然 后 发 现，黑 质 体 只 对 被 剥 夺 的 东 西 的 线 索 作 出 反 应。该 反 应 的 大 小 与 受 试 者 的 自 我 报 第 7 页 共 4 3 页告 的 饥 饿 或 孤 独 程 度 相 关，尽 管 饥 饿 感 持 续 较 强。结 合 上 文 可 知 参 与 者 是 没 有 花 的，由 此 可 推 知，参 与 者 的 黑 质 体 对 花 的 形 象 几 乎 没 有 反 应。A.little几 乎 没 有；B.various各 种 各 样 的；C.strong强 壮 的；D.consistent 一
46、 致 的。故 选 A.（4）D.代 词 指 代 题。根 据 上 文 A software classifier trained to recognize neural patternsduring fasting proved able to recognize similar neural patterns from the social-isolationcondition可 知 事 实 证 明，经 过 训 练 的 软 件 分 类 器 能 够 识 别 禁 食 期 间 的 神 经 模 式，尽 管 它（软 件 分 类 器）从 未“看 到”过 类 似 的 神 经 模 式，但 它 还 是 能 够
47、识 别 出 社 会 隔 离 状 态 下 的 类 似 神 经 模 式。由 此 可 知，i t指 代 是 上 文 中 的“软 件 分 类 器”，故 选 D.4.Dolphin（海 月 豕）or not a dolphin?That is the question!You see,there are several typesof dolphins.Some are saltwater dolphins while others are river dolphins.What are the 32 types of dolphins?When people are asking the questi
48、on,they areactually referring to the saltwater dolphins in oceans and seas.The river dolphins living infresh water are not included in these species（物 种）.But what would be the answer in thiscase if we ask,Dolphin or not a dolphin?”The answer would obviously be yes.Riverdolphins still belong to the d
49、olphin family.Among the 32 types of dolphins,some do not actually wear the word dolphin,in theirnames,such as the tucuxi,while others actually have the word whale as part of their nameseven if they are not whales but in fact,belong to the dolphin family,for example,the melon-headed whale and the kil
50、ler whale.So what would be the answer to the question“dolphinor not a dolphin?in these cases?It would be yes.All these species do belong to thedolphin family.Another question that people ask is,Are the sea animals that perform at aquariums（水 族 馆）all dolphins?So,it always seems to come back to the qu