《高考英语一轮复习（课标2卷B版）课件：专题十二 词义猜测.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语一轮复习（课标2卷B版）课件：专题十二 词义猜测.pptx（656页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、专题十二 词义猜测高考英语高考英语(课标专用)A A组统一命题组统一命题课标卷题组课标卷题组Passage1(2018课标全国,B)词数:258ManyofusloveJulybecauseit sthemonthwhennature sberriesandstonefruitsareinabun-dance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvi
2、taminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白质),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物质).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(樱桃),the
3、yaresodelicious.Whocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasfor五年高考freezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersand
4、freeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.
5、Thismakesafunactivityforachil-dren sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatch-ingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.1.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?A.Theycontainprotein.B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.2.Whyisfreshlemonjui
6、ceusedinfreezingbananas?A.Tomakethemsmellbetter.B.Tokeeptheircolour.C.Tospeeduptheirripening.D.Toimprovetheirnutrition.3.Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?A.Adessert.B.Adrink.C.Acontainer.D.Amachine.4.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Aresearchpaper.D.Atravelbroc
7、hure.答案答案语篇解读语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,题材为食品营养类。许多人最爱七月,因为在这个月份大量的新鲜水果成熟了。本文介绍了几种对人体有益的水果,还为你推荐了一种孩子们喜欢的自制果汁。1.C细节理解题。题干意为:作者似乎喜欢樱桃的什么?根据第二段最后两句话(至于樱桃,它们那么美味可口,谁在乎呢?然而,它们富含维他命C。)可知作者喜欢樱桃的美味可口,所以答案为C项。A项:它们含有蛋白质;B项:它们富含维他命A;D项:它们富含抗氧化物。这三项均与文章所述不符。2.B推理判断题。题干意为:为什么在冷冻香蕉时要加点新鲜的柠檬汁?根据第三段倒数第二句话(如果你喜欢的话,挤一点新鲜的柠檬汁到香蕉上
8、会防止它们变成褐色。)可推断出这么做是为了保持香蕉本来的颜色,所以答案为B项。A项:为了让它们更好闻;C项:为了加速它们的成熟;D项:为了增加它们的营养。这三项均与原文描述不符。3.D词义猜测题。题干意为:最后一段的“ajuicer”是什么?根据最后一段第一句和第二句话的描述(如果你有一个榨汁机的话,你就把冷冻的香蕉和一些浆果或者切成片的水果放进去。就会出来一种软软的奶油状的甜品,要马上吃掉哦。)可以推断出画线部分是一种能制作果汁样食品的机器,所以答案为D项。4.B推理判断题。题干意为:这篇文章可能选自什么?根据第一段第二句话的描述(这些来自不列颠哥伦比亚省土地上的色彩鲜艳的甜甜的宝贝就是营养
9、保护的小集团。)再结合后文描述的几种富含各种维生素的水果,我们可以推断出本文是来自与健康营养相关的书,即一本健康杂志,所以答案为B项。A项:一本生物课本;C项:一篇研究论文;D项:一本旅游册子。这三项与文章主题不符。长难句长难句Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.当与浆果或者其他的水果片混合在一起时,冷冻的香蕉就会成为一种极好的用来制作浓浓的冷奶昔和低脂肪冰激凌的基本材料。第一个逗号前
10、是when引导的省略了主语和be动词的时间状语从句,相当于Whentheyarecom-binedwith.,第一个逗号后是句子的主干。句子的主语frozenbananas与combine之间是被动关系。高级语块高级语块1.containvt.包含;含有2.particularlyadv.特别;尤其3.(be)combinedwith与结合/混合Passage2(2018课标全国,C)词数:294Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmore
11、going.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoples
12、tartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlan-guagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestod
13、isappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyun-even.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnu
14、mbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800
15、languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),Chia-panecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.1.Whatcanweinferaboutlangua
16、gesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.3.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,
17、800.B.About3,400.C.About2,400.D.About1,200.4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.答案答案语篇解读语篇解读本文为说明文。作者从语言发展历史这一角度论述了人类的发展导致了世界上语言数量的减少。1.B推理判断题。本题题干意为:对于采猎者
18、时代的语言,我们可推断出什么?根据第一段第二句(当世界人口仍然由采猎者构成的时候,小的、联系紧密的群体彼此独立地形成了自己的讲话模式。)可知答案为B项(它们的数量很大)。A:它们发展得很快;C:它们有相似的模式;D:它们联系很紧密。2.C词义猜测题。本题题干意为:下面哪一项最好地解释了第二段画线词“dominant”?根据画线词所在句子中的“suchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover”可推知dominant的意思是“占统治地位的,强大的”,故答案为C项(Powerful)。A:复杂的;B:高级的;D:现代的。3.B细节理解题
19、。本题题干意为:目前,有多少种语言的使用人数少于6,000?根据第三段第一句(目前世界上大约有6,800种语言。)和第三段最后一句(这意味着世界的语言中有一半的语言,其使用人数不足6,000。)可知,答案为B项(68001/2=3400)。4.C主旨大意题。本题题干意为:本文的主旨是什么?作者在首段首句介绍了本文的主题,即语言几千年来一直变化不定,但在最近时期,其数量越来越少。然后进一步解释造成这种现象的原因是社会的发展,故答案为C项。长难句长难句Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenm
20、illionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.一些专家认为,在一万年前,当时世界上只有五百万至一千万人口,他们之间可能要说12,000种语言。本句的主句为:Somelanguageexpertsbelieve。后面的that从句为宾语从句,该从句的主干为:theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem;10,000yearsago为时间状语;whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词10,000yearsago。高级语块高
21、级语块1.settledown定居下来2.globalisationn.全球化3.distributionn.分布4.relativelyadv.相对地Passage3(2018课标全国,D)词数:304Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.
22、Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemo
23、neyintoherschoolfund(基金)(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor).Forweeks,I vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduseless?Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywith
24、himwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberballsimple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit.Itwastotally,completelyenoughforhim.Bef
25、oreIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.Webothbecameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogether.HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis.Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.1.Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Themore,thebetter.B.Enoughisenough.C.Moremoney,m
26、oreworries.D.Earnmoreandspendmore.2.WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetosellsomeofherobjects?A.Savingupforherholiday.B.Raisingmoneyforapoorgirl.C.Addingthemoneytoherfund.D.Givingthemoneytoasickmother.3.WhydidtheauthorplaytheballwithShepherd?A.Totryoutanidea.B.Toshowaparent slove.C.Totrainhisattention.D.Tohelphims
27、tartahobby.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TakeItorLeaveItB.ALessonfromKidsC.LiveMorewithLessD.ThePleasureofGiving答案答案语篇解读语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。题材为家庭生活类。作为成年人我们都理解身边用不到的东西太多给我们的感觉,但是我们却认为我们的孩子拥有的东西越多越好。我在自己的孩子身上做了一个实验,证明了拥有更少的东西能生活得更好。1.A词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句话可知,我帮我自己的孩子学会了用更少的东西生活得更好,由此推断出画线词语的意思是“越多越好”,所以答
28、案为A项。B项:适可而止。C项:钱越多就越担心。D项:挣得多花得多。这三项与父母希望孩子拥有更多的东西的想法不符。2.C细节理解题。题干句意:什么事让Georgia同意卖掉她的一些东西?根据第二段最后一句话可知,在我们承诺把这笔钱放进她的学校基金后,她选择卖掉几件较大而不太常用的东西,因为她想把这笔钱放到自己的基金中去,所以答案为C项。A项:为了她的假期攒钱。B项:为一个贫穷的女孩筹款。D项:把这笔钱给一位生病的母亲。3.A推理判断题。题干句意:作者为什么要和Shepherd一起玩球?根据第三段的Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotest
29、myowntheoryonthis.可以推断出作者和儿子一起玩球是为了检验一下自己的理论。4.C主旨大意题。作者在第一段的最后就提出了本文的主题:howtolivemorewithless,后面几段描写了作者在自己的孩子身上证明了自己的这个观点是正确的,所以答案为C项。A项:要么接受,要么放弃。B项:从孩子身上学到的教训。D项:奉献的乐趣。这三项与第一段提出的主题不符。长难句长难句Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopay
30、forherholidayduetoillness.由于我们的努力,我们的女儿Georgia确实决定把一大袋子玩具捐给一个小女孩,这个女孩的妈妈因为生病而无法支付她的假期费用。becauseof.作原因状语;谓语动词decide用助动词did加以强调;关系代词whose引导的定语从句修饰先行词alittlegirl。高级语块高级语块1.assumev.认为;假定2.whenitcomesto当说到;当涉及3.belongingsn.所有物;财产4.donatev.捐赠;捐献5.dueto由于;因为6.bedeterminedtodosth.决心做某事Passage4(2017课标全国,B)词数
31、:289IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn twantmeforthefilmitwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaulhestoodupforme.Idon tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.Thefrie
32、ndshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft(技艺)andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.Bothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalo
33、fAmericanactors:humorous,aggressive,andmakingfunofeachotherbutalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore(核心)ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingbackhewithhisNewman sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriou
34、slyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidn tseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidn ttalkaboutit.Ourswasare
35、lationshipthatdidn tneedalotofwords.1.Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst?A.PaulNewmanwantedit.B.Thestudiopowersdidn tlikehisagent.C.Hewasn tfamousenough.D.Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.2.WhydidPaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship?A.Theywereofthesameage.B.Theyworkedinthesam
36、etheater.C.Theywerebothgoodactors.D.Theyhadsimilarcharacteristics.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?A.Theirbelief.B.Theircareforchildren.C.Theirsuccess.D.Theirsupportforeachother.4.Whatistheauthor spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toshowhisloveoffilms.B.Torememberafriend.C.Tointroduceane
37、wmovie.D.Tosharehisactingexperience.答案答案语篇解读语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。在电影界初出茅庐的作者得到了著名演员保罗纽曼的支持,从而获得了一个重要的演出机会。他们建立了深厚的友谊,这份友谊一直持续到保罗纽曼去世。1.C推理判断题。根据第一段中的“itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul”可知,这家电影公司不想把这个角色给作者,是因为他们想把角色给像保罗这样出名的人,作者还不够出名,所以答案为C项。2.D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAm
38、ericanactors”可知,保罗和作者之所以有着长久的友谊,是因为他们两个人有着相似的品质,所以答案为D项。3.A词义猜测题。根据本段第一句话“Wesharedthebeliefthatif.”可知,尽管他们不经常见面,但是正是那种信念让他们聚在了一起。由此推断出画线单词指的是他们的共同的信念,所以答案为A项。4.B推理判断题。文章开头作者介绍了自己与著名演员保罗纽曼相识的情景,后面描述了两人的交往和深厚的友谊。最后一段指出两人的最后一面是在医院。由此推断出作者写这篇文章就是为了纪念自己的一位朋友。所以答案为B项。长难句长难句Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou refor
39、tunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback.我们有着相同的信念,那就是如果你足够幸运而成功了的话,你应该对这个世界有所回报本句为复合句。句子的主干为Wesharedthebelief。that引导同位语从句,说明belief的内容。高级语块高级语块1.experiencen.经历2.berespectfulof尊重3.humorousadj.幽默的4.aggressiveadj.有进取心的Passage5(2017课标全国,D)词数:311Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill(蒸馏器)isoneofthebestw
40、aystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofA-griculture,it sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired,though,area55shee
41、tofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainerperhapsjustadrinkingcuptocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewaterca
42、tcher sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsupandoutthesideofthehole.Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowforma
43、cone(圆锥体)with45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates(蒸发)andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerial,andfalloffintothecup.Whentheconta
44、inerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.1.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?A.It sdelicate.B.It sexpensive.C.It scomplex.D.It sportable.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto?A.Th
45、etube.B.Thestill.C.Thehole.D.Thecup.3.Whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?A.Digaholeofacertainsize.B.Putthecupinplace.C.Weightthesheet scenterdown.D.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.4.Whenasolarstillworks,dropsofwatercomeintothecupfrom.A.theplastictubeB.outsidetheholeC.theopenairD.benea
46、ththesheet答案答案语篇解读语篇解读本文为说明文,题材为科普实验类。文章具体描述了利用自制太阳能蒸馏器获取饮用水的方法。1.D细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句,尤其是尾句Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlit-tlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.可知该装置是可折叠的、便携的(portable),故答案为D项。2.B词义猜测题。根据第二段前两句可知,画线短语指代的是该段首句中的aworkingstill,故答案为B项。3.C细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知四个选项正确的顺序是ABDC,故答案为C项。4.D细节理解题。根据尾段前两句可知该装置
47、是利用蒸发到塑料薄片上的水分凝聚成水滴,最后滴落到杯子中,故答案为D项。长难句长难句Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsupandoutthesideofthehole.接着把管子放在恰当的位置,使得管子的一端一直放在杯子里并且管子的其余部分向上延伸到所挖坑的外部。本句为复合句。主句laythetubeinplace为祈使句;sothat引导目的状语从句,从句是and连接的并列句。inplace在恰当的地方;alltheway自始至终。高级语块高级语块1.substitute
48、n.代用品ponentn.零件,构成要素;成分3.productivityn.生产力;生产效率4.securev.把弄牢5.falloffinto落入,注入Passage6(2016课标全国,B)词数:294Fiveyearsago,whenItaughtartataschoolinSeattle,IusedTinkertoysasatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents.IputasmallsetofTinkertoysinfrontofeachstudent,andsaid:“Makesomethingoutof
49、theTinkertoys.Youhave45minutestodayand45minuteseachdayfortherestoftheweek.”Afewstudentshesitatedtostart.Theywaitedtoseewhattherestoftheclasswoulddo.Severalotherscheckedtheinstructionsandmadesomethingaccordingtooneofthemodelplansprovided.Anothergroupbuiltsomethingoutoftheirownimaginations.OnceIhadabo
50、ywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.Hisconstructionsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.Iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect(感染)