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1、Reading Matters 3An Interactive Approach to ReadingAnswer KeyUnit 1 Fun MattersQuotations,page 181.For 2.For 3.Neutral 4.For 5.Against 6.NeutralChapter 1:Challenges in Your Free TimePreviewing,pages 19-20(sample answers)A.Mountaineer Trying again after an injuryPro Snowboarder Conquering fear of tak
2、ing risksWalk Up the Wild Side Beginning love of taking risksB.1.Fearless,like danger,determined,dedicated,love of life2.They all feel very good about what they do and they are all passionate about their respective sports.3.They incorporate their fear into their actions and they all realize that fea
3、r is an unavoidable element of their sports.Predicting,page 21(sample answers)1.Risks 2.Extreme Sports 3.Injuries 4.TrendsScanning for Details,page 241.600 feet,66 miles per hour2.Snowboarding,ice climbing,skateboarding and paragliding3.a.Participation in snowboarding has grown 113 percent in the la
4、st five years.b.Baseball and touch football participation has declined.4.Americans today want to participate in sports that have a greater risk factor and push them to their personal limits.5.The activities that arc becoming popular are all more challenging than a game of touch football.6.As a resul
5、t of paragliding,Mike Carr broke ten ribs and collapsed his lung.7.Risk showed up uninvited and regularly fbr previous generations:global wars,childbirth complications,diseases,dangerousproducts,and the threat of cold war.8.Traditional risks have been reduced,but without some expression of risk,peop
6、le may never know their limits,and therefore,who they are as individuals.Using Evidence to Support Ideas,page 25IDEASUPPORT2.More Americans are getting hurt.a.48,000 Americans went to theemergency room fbr skateboardingaccidents.b.Snowboarding accidents were upthirty-one percent.c.Mountain climbing
7、accidents wereup twenty percent.3.In the past,life was full of risk.a.global warsb.childbirth complicationsc.diseasesd.dangerous productse.threat of the Cold War4.For recent generations,the traditionalrisks have been reduced.a.Life expectancy has increased.b.Violent crime is down.c.Americans fifty-s
8、even percent lesslikely to die of heart disease thantheir parents.d.smallpox,measles,and poliovirtually eliminated in the UnitedStates5.Everyday risk is minimized,so people lookfbr risk elsewhere.The example of Joy MarrReacting to the Information,page 261.c 2.d 3.a 4.bUnderstanding Underlying Ideasz
9、 page 27(sample answers)Paragraph 1.The mountain environment is a mystical,majestic place.It is a place that,above all,should elicit ourrespect and responsible behavior.Paragraph 3.For us,climbing Qomolangma gave us the satisfaction of knowing wc had accomplished the most difficulttask.only meaningf
10、ul when it leads us to better our performance in everything we do.”Paragraph 6.It was like going onstage.We had butterflies in our stomach.I was so filled with joy.The most soberingmoment in the climb came at the Hillary Step.I knew this place and felt welcome.It was a moment ofcomplete happiness.”P
11、aragraph 11.”enjoying the view.taking the obligatory pictures.I opened my arms.turned 360 degrees,and sawthe edges of the world”Understanding Details,pages 29-30LN 2.N8.personalInferring3.N 4.N9.crystal-clearMeaning,5.Y 6.N 7.N10.directionspage 301.transfixed:to render motionlesslyimmense:extremely
12、large or greattrailing:hang over the edge mitted:transfer something to somewhere3.descent:an action of moving downward,dropping or fallinglingered:stayed in a place longer than necessaryutterly:completelyUnderstanding Underlying Ideas,page 31(sample answers)Paragraph 1.Paragraph 2.Paragraph 10.Parag
13、raph 13.“I was struck by how steep and hard the ice was.it became clear that the farther we moved from camp,thegreater the danger became.As the angle of the slope increased,I focused on what would save my life,ratherthan on what might kill me.”Realizing that I might not be thinking clearly,I asked o
14、ne of my Sherpas,Kami Tsering,to check myoxygen.I suddenly became cold and told him,4We have to go downnow!“Once there,I used my radio and announced.if you hang on to your dreams long enough,you can achievethem.Then I started to cry with joy.”“how to work as a team,how to overcome setbacks,how to de
15、al with failure,how to push through pain anddiscomfort,and how to make dreams come true,whatever the obstacles.”Retelling the Information,page 33Reasons fbr climbing:personal successallows better performance in life in generalteaches how to overcome problemsbuilds teamworkFeelings during the climb:n
16、ervousnessexcitementexhaustionfearReaction to reaching the summit:humblingdisappointmentfeelings of overwhelming joysense of accomplishmentHow the experience will be used:to help make a greater contribution to the surrounding worldto apply the experience and the lessons learned to daily lifeto learn
17、 that failure is an integral part of successto know that dreams can come trueWord Form,page 34A.VerbNounAdjectiveAdverbachieveI.achievement2.achiever1.achievable2.achievingfunction1.function1.functional2.functioning1.functionallyminimize1.minimum1.minimal2.minimizingparticipate1.participation2.parti
18、cipant1.participatoryB.(sample answers)1.Taking a risk makes other life goals seem achievable.2.You can minimize the risk in extreme sports by using the right equipment.3.Teamwork is a matter of survival when climbing Qomolangma.Cohesive Devices,page 341.struck:scared(line 1,paragraph 1)2.goal:purpo
19、se(line 2,paragraph 13)3.summit:top(line 2,paragraph 13)4.setback:obstacles(line 8,paragraph 13)Chapter 2:Taking a Break Responsibly:Ec。-TourismWhat Do You Think?,page 36l.T 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.FPreviewing,page 36(sample answers)1.The history of vacations2.The effect of technology on vacations3.The future
20、 of vacationsSkimming,page 372.There was a change in work styleNote Taking,page 38Main Points DetailsB.During and after industrial revolution 1.North America turns from agricultural to urban2.Work separated from lifeC.Technological revolution 1.People more available2.People work harder to buy more t
21、hings3.People bring cell phones and computers on vacationVocabulary in Context,page 391.taking vocation2.people who work for industry3.technological revolution4.the technological revolutionApplying the Information,page 40(sample answers)A.1.Yes,taking less time off to go somewhere nearby,but do this
22、 as often as every weekend.2.A break where they can relax and enjoy themselves.Maybe relieve some stress.Previewing,page 41(sample answers)1.Meaning of eco-tourism 2.Popularity 3.EffectGetting the Main Ideas,page 44Paragraph 3.Benefits of eco-tourismParagraph 4.Environmentalists attitudesParagraph 5
23、.Eco-tourism in Costa RicaParagraph 8.Eco-tourism in other parts of Central AmericaParagraph 9-10.Negative effects of eco-tourismScanning,pages 45-461.Hiking,climbing,sleeping,swimming2.Rain forests attract tourists,who bring dollars that provide jobs.3.Travel agencies4.Environmentalists saw tourist
24、s as a threat.5.They changed their mind when they noticed that the tourists were respectful of the environment,and the immediate,positiveeffect it had on curbing the destruction.6.The Costa Rican tourism industry emphasizes the countrys natural attractions and activities.7.a.fourb.Trails to see the
25、ruins and more recent architecture,beaches fbr snorkeling and fishing,sightseeing in rainforests and charming villages.c.Electric railroadd.Provide jobs fbr local farmers and support the park staff.8.If locals are given the jobs,they will see the benefit of preserving the land.9.It is a threat when
26、it requires massive clearing,the building of roads,or large hotels.10.a.The biggest problem in Costa Rica is tourisms booming success.During peak season,there is a shortage ofhotel rooms,rental cars and other necessities.b.Encouraging tourists to come after peak season.Using Examples,page 461 “fbr e
27、very ten acres of trees cut in the tropics,only one new acre is planted.”2.“more than 400 species of birds,4,000 kinds of insects,and 120 animals”3“Flores,renting cars by day to visit the ruins in Tikal.”4.France,Germany,Canada,and the United States5”250 peasants are moving in each day,cutting fores
28、ts”6.4t.short on hotel rooms,rental cars,and other necessities?*Previewing,page 47(sample answers)Title 1.A perfect place 2.There are some problems too.Subtitle 1.Small idea 2.Getting bigger 3.May have bad effect on the Earth 4.Get readers reactionPredicting,page 471.Good 2.Bad 3.The article compare
29、s the good and bad aspects.Surveying,page 47B.Main IdeaComplaints against eco-tourismDebate:Pros/Cons of eco-tourismThe origin of eco-tourismSuccess storiesNegative consequencesSolutionConclusionParagraph456,78,9101112Cohesive Devices,page 521.2.3.4.5.one day a gunman pulled up and shot his local op
30、erations manger,severely wounding him.it:the environment;they:foreign visitorswhether eco-tourism is a good idea or notpoacherslocal wolvesNote Taking,pages 52-531.Benefits:3,5,8,9 2.Negative consequences:4,5,10(sample answers)BenefitsDoesnt destroy the environmentTourists experience area as if they
31、 were nativesBest hope fbr development in poor countriesOnly way tourism can be sustained long termCuts down on poaching,eg,Southern IndiaNot all countries have beaches,offer unique spotsApplying the Information,pageNegative ConsequencesDevelopers force out indigenous groupsTourists destroy the natu
32、reGarbage,discarded equipment,eg,QomolangmaExploitation,e.g.,eco-tourism casinoNegative effect on wildlife53(sample answers)1.Yes,it would have been better to keep the caves a secret.2.The second quote:It all depends on how its managed.It can be a benefit to the area if its done right.3.Stay informe
33、d,choose reputable companies,pressure the bad companies to change policies,etc.Skimming,Paragraph 1.Paragraph 2.Paragraph 7.Paragraph 8.page 53“garbage man of Mt.Qomolangma the worlds highest garbage dump.”“The Final Sweep5.restore the mountain to its pristine state fbr the 50th anniversary of Edmun
34、d Hillarysfirst ascent in 1953.”.Hoffman told his group that they would be taking down more than they brought up.Other climbing teamsfollowed suit”“Three years later,Hoffman and his teammates set a higher standard fbr themselves,starting when theybegan packing in the United States.”Paragraphs 8-9.4t
35、I still see the zip-lock bags and drums used by villagers”helped net many Sherpas upward of$5,000each fbr their efYbrts”Understanding Details,pages 55-56l.N 2.N 3.Y 4.N 5.N 6.N 7.Y8.19929.duffel10.SherpasVocabulary in Context,(sample answers)1.create 2.full of people 3.bribe6.fell 7.clean 8.includes
36、pages 56-574.started arriving 5.signifies/implies9.slow downUnit 2 Weather MattersChapter 3:Polas Apart:Climate Research in Antarctica and th ArcticWhats the Weather Like?,pages 60-611.Philippines,heat wave,declines in crop yield2.Brazil,cold wave,2 people died3.India,floods,48 camels died4.Florida,
37、hurricane,destroyed farms5.China,storm(wind&hail),16 people died and 200 injuredDiscussion Questions,page 621.Extreme weather conditions2.Deaths and destruction of propertyNote Taking,pages 62-63Main Ideas DetailsB.History of climate modeling 1.Ocean and sea-ice models were coupled together and adde
38、d to global climate models2.Aerosols(airborne particles)added3.Natural carbon cycling on land and in oceans added4.Effects of human industry need to be addedC.Present day challenges 1.Biggest,physical uncertainty,depending on type&height2.Increase of average global temperature by 1.5-4.5 C by 2100Un
39、derstanding Details,pages 64-651.Y 2.N 3.Y 4.Y 5.N 6.N 7.N8.fossil fuel 9.chemistry 10.uncertaintiesBrainstorming,page 65(sample answers)Similarities:Both are covered in ice and snow;Both are very cold;Both have whales and birdsDifferences:Artic has trees,but Antarctica does not;Antarctica is colder
40、 and windier;Antarctica has penguins,but Arcticdoes notPreviewing,page 66(sample answers)1.Environmental issues that affect the Arctic and Antarctica.2.The role of climatologists.3.Scientific studies in the Arctic.Getting the Main Ideas,page 73Paragraph 5.Inuit observations of changes in ArcticParag
41、raph 6.Scientific observations of changes in ArcticParagraph 7.Importance of Arctic to climate studyParagraph 8.Scientific observations of changes in AntarcticParagraph 9.Wanning trendUnderstanding Details,pages 74-751.Scientists are studying conditions at the Poles and monitoring the environmental
42、changes to better understand how theyaffect the global climate.2.They are drilling the ice and extracting ice cores many meters deep.3.a.The Inuit are watching their world melt before their eyes.They are concerned that their community will slide into the sea.b.Elders and hunters post their observati
43、ons on the website.4.a.They relied on the ring around the moon or the burning circle around the sun.b.Today,the weather changes so rapidly that people cant make sense of these signs any more.5.a.The Gulf Stream moderates temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere.b.It moves along ocean currents,which a
44、ct as conveyor belts.c.Dilution by too much fresh water on the surface,coming either from increased rainfall over the North Atlantic or fromglacial melting,could stop the salty water from sinking and shut down the conveyor belt.This is caused by a rise intemperature in the region.d.It would cause cl
45、imate change in the Northern Hemisphere,which would cause many problems.6.Scientists are concerned about the melting of the ice shelves that caused icebergs to break away from the continent.7.a.Thousands of ice layers that were formed as each years snowfall was compressed over time.b.It gives the fi
46、rst full view of a past warm period that is most like the current one.8.We need to ask when abrupt change will happen,what the impact will be,and how can we prepare.It is no longer a questionof whether its going to happen-climate change is inevitable,thus we need to take action.Understanding Details
47、,page 751.Very few people get to visit Antarctica.The trip changes your perspective of the world and gives you a better appreciation fbrthe natural world.2.Green believes that the expeditions allow students to connect with nature and understand the profound effect theenvironment has on their lives.3
48、.The expeditions take about 75 students to the Antarctic and 12 to the Arctic.4.Students have to raise money fbr the trip and have a sense of adventure and respect fbr nature.5.They must deal with seasickness caused by rough waters on their journey there.6.If winds or sea currents arc too rough,they
49、 cancel the trip.A doctor and a nurse are present.They have a“take onlyphotographs,leave only fbotprints philosophy so that they dont disturb the environment.7.The students visit various scientific research stations and help with experiments,and they get a chance to interact withwildlife.8.For some
50、the trip has helped them focus their career plans.Reacting to the Reading,page 79(sample answers)1.Get to see something different.2.Sometimes were so focused on technology that we forget about nature.3.Humans are so small in comparison.4.Seeing it first hand might inspire you to get involved.5.It be