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1、绝密启用前冲刺2023年高考英语真题重组卷03北京地区专用（解析版）注意事项：1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮 擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（2022北京人大附中模拟题）I was
2、 the fool at school, regarded as a special needs student. I was termed as such.Over time, I started to believe in my stupidity. I accepted the fact that I was in special needs classes and poured it out as anger and depression. But one activity this view of myself: chess.I started to play chess with
3、my father after school simply because I wanted to 2 him at something. My father was a smart man. So, winning in chess against my father would be a 3 that I had intellectual power. On the small chessboard, I had a chance to overcome my so-called inability. Game after game, one weekend, I finally chec
4、kmated my father on a ferry ride, which made me feel 4.Two years later, I joined my school chess team. There came a chance to play against the best players in other states.My most 5 game came in the final round. It was actually a match between a special needs student and a smart soul. My opponent wa
5、s playing well and kept 6 while I kept defending to keep my king safe. With little 7 left, he started to make rapid moves. 8 he could make the final decision, he ran out of time. Honestly, as his clock flag fell, I jumped up out of my seat and kissed the floor out of excitement. Of course it was not
6、 the most sportsmen-like 9、but I could not control my emotions.While holding my winners cup, I knew I was not 10. The inferiority complex had melted away, andI realized that underneath our thoughts, each person is a binations let researchers tell the black-and-blue birds apart. They also attached GP
7、S devices to the backs of 58 birds, which let them see exactly where every group went, 24 hours a day.The findings of the research suggest that the vulturine guineafowl have a multilevel society. There are groups within groups within the population as a whole. There even seem to be groups of friends
8、 within the small groups. This is the first time anyone has observed such a society in a bird.And Dr. Farine emphasizes this particular birds tiny brain size: They dont only have small brains relative to mammals （哺孚L动物），they also have quite small brains relative to other birds, “ he said.According t
9、o him, living in this kind of society might actually make it easier to keep track of the social order.For example, if groups are stable and a bird can identify just one or two individuals within a group, it knows which group its looking at no need for a brain that can recognize every single animal.
10、Multilevel societies also let animals adjust their group sizes based on whatever challenges theyre facing. Depending on what enemies or resources are around, it might make sense to travel in a combined group rather than a smaller one.“Having a multilevel structure may not require having a large brai
11、n, Dr. Farine said. There may be more birds and other animals out there that, although small-brained, have societies as many-leveled as our own.28. According to the passage, what inspired Dr. Farine to carry out the study?B Previous assumptions about birdsD. The faults in earlier research.B The rese
12、arch methods.D. The research equipment.A. The guineafowPs social behaviour.C. His interest in animal brainpower.29. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A. The research subjects.C. The research findings.30. What can be learned from the passage?A. Complex social systems can be a disadvantage to the guine
13、afowl.B The guineafowl are good at recognizing individuals in a group.C. Birds maintain social order by travelling in combined groups.D. Small-brained animals can form multilevel societies.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了鸟类学家Damien Farine团队在非洲东部的一项新的研究发现： 小脑动物也有多层次的社会结构。28. A【解析】细节理解题。由第四段中的“Suspecting the guin
14、eafowl might have a social structure, Dr. Farine and his colleagues began a thorough study of their society.（由于怀疑珍珠鸡可能有社会结构,Farine 博士和他的 同事们开始对它们的社会进行深入研究。厂可知，珍珠鸡的社会行为和社会结构让Farine博士和他的同事们有所怀疑，所以他们进行了彻底的研究。故选A。29. B【解析】主旨大意题。由第四段中的For a whole year, they made daily observations of 441 birds. Coloured
15、leg bands in unique combinations let researchers tell the black-and-blue birds apart. They also attached GPS devices to the backs of 58 birds, which let them see exactly where every group went, 24 hours a day.（一整年， 他们每天观察441只鸟。独特组合的彩色腿带让研究人员区分了黑蓝色的鸟类。他们还在58只鸟的背 上安装了 GPS设备，让它们一天24小时准确地看到每一组鸟的去向。广可知，这
16、段主要是讲述他们团 队如何研究观察的，即他们的研究方法。故选B。30. D【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段“Having a multilevel structure may not require having a large brain, Dr. Farine said. There may be more birds and other animals out there that, although small-brained, have societies as many-leveled as our own. （拥有一个多层次的结构可能不需要有一个大的大脑，”法林博士说。可能 还有更
17、多的鸟类和其他动物，虽然它们的大脑很小，但它们的社会像我们人类的社会一样多层次。）可 知，脑容量小的动物可以形成多层次的社会结构。故选D。D（2022北京高考真题）Quantum （量子）computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. Ive also had exchanges with two
18、 quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing,
19、as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.This is the sort of hype （ 炒作 ）that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they cant keep. “Whats new,“
20、Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their works potential. If researchers ca
21、nt keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because quantum stands fbr someth
22、ing cool you shouldnt be able to understand. And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnso
23、ns concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin （ 幅度）to building a usefiil” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise. He adds, P
24、eople will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin，as Taylor claims? I dont know. Im certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest
25、in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.31. Regarding Johnsons concerns, the author feels.A. sympathetic B. unconcerned C. doubtfulD. excitedWhat leads to Taylors optimism about quantum computing?A. His dominance in physics.B. The competition in the field.C. His confidence
26、in PyQuantum.D. The investment of tech companies.32. What does the underlined word “prone“ in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A. Open.B. Cool.C. Useful.D. Resistant.33. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology
27、?C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？ ”，计算机科学家克 里斯约翰逊和物理学家菲利普泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。31. A【解析】推理判断题。根据第三自然段“As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalis
28、ts, the public and, worst of all? themselves about their works potential. If researchers cant keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns.（随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最后一段“ But I tru
29、st Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.（但我相信泰勒，就 像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A. sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B. unconcerned不关心的；C.doubtful怀疑的;D. excited激动的。故选A。32. C【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The company, he says, is closer than any other firm by a very large margin （幅度）to building a “useful“ quantum computer, one that s
30、olves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.He adds, People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others. （ 他说， 这家公司比其彳也 任何公司者K”在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则 我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:
31、“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比 较我们与他人的做法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。33. A 解析词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quantum stands fbr something cool you shouldnt be able to understand.（但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别pro
32、ne被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表 了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为“量子”代表了一些你 不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于的。A. Open.开放的；易受损 害的;B. Cool.酷的；C. Useful.有用的；D. Resistant.有抵抗力的。故选A。34. D【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Wee
33、kly, quantum machines could help us cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction. This is the sort of hype （炒作）that annoys Johnson -（现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据商业周刊报道， 量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到 恼火。）以及最后一段Could PyQuantum really be leading a
34、ll the competition by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I dont know. Im certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. （PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我 当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知， 本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？ ”，计算机科学家克里斯约翰逊和物理学家 菲利
35、普泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功 吗？九故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2020U匕京高考真题）Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping ones head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has mo
36、re to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself 35 Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a posi
37、tive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do.36 People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower ra
38、tes of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to ones ability to deal with problems and hardships. 37 For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emoti
39、ons, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety. Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance fbr improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrar
40、y, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress. 38In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of ones life. It doesn*t have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem.
41、 39Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to ones physical and mental health. A. It doesnt cause any severe emotional discomfort, either.B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect.C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in d
42、ifficult situations.D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.E. As thinking changes, an individuafs behaviour and habits change as well.F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.G. They often feel discouraged long before tryi
43、ng to solve the problem, even if small.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了积极思考对人产生的各种益处，同时将积极思考者与悲观 主义者相比较，分析两种人的差异。积极思维是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。 35. B【解析】 根据上文“Seltalk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.（
44、自我对话是一个人持续不断的想法，他常 常对一些事件、现象、人,甚至是他自己都没有意识和不确定）”以及后文“Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue.（同时，积极的思考可以帮助停止 消极的自我对话，开始形成对一个问题的积极的观点户由此可知，上文对自我对话进行了定义，后文则 提到了积极的思考可以有助于停止消极的自我对话，可知本句是在说明消极的自我对话对人的不良影 响。后文中negative self-talks可对应到
45、B选项中Negative self-talko故B选项“消极的自言自语会损害 自信，降低自尊”符合语境，故选B。36. D【解析】根据后文“People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to ones
46、ability to deal with problems and hardships.（积极思考的人寿命更长，抑郁 和焦虑率更低，身心更健康，死于心脏问题的风险更低。积极的思考也有助于一个人处理问题和困难 的能力）”由止匕可知，后文提到了积极思考对人的益处，后文中People who think positively以及Positive thinking可对应到D选项中Positive thinking。故D选项“积极思考对身心有几个有益的影响”符合语境， 故选DoC 【解析】 根据后文“For example, researchers have found that in the case
47、 of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety.（例如，研究人员发现，当危机伴随着强烈的情绪时，比如自然灾害，积极的思考可以为抑郁和 焦虑提供一种缓冲户可知，后文举出的例子说明了积极思考可以让一个人在面临危机时，保持冷静。故 C选项“它帮助一个人在困难的情况下保持头脑清醒和自信”符合语境，故选Co37. G 解析根据上文“Resilient p
48、eople who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress积极思考的、有韧性的人倾向于把每一个问题都看作是 一个挑战，一个改进的机会，或者一个个人成长的机会。相反，悲观主义者倾向于将
49、问题视为额外压 力的来源）可知，上文在将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，本句应承接上文，进一步解释说明悲观主 义者在解决问题时一些性格特点。上文Pessimists可对应到G选项中They。故G选项“他们常常在试图 解决问题之前就感到气馁，即使是很小的问题”符合语境，故选G。38. A【解析】根据上文In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of ones life. It doesnt have anything to do with ignorant optimism w