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1、 -1-08 完形填空之说明文完形填空之说明文 序号序号 内容内容 Passage 1 介绍了一种具有 1400 年历史的基于自然方法的水系统 Passage 2 利用新的技术手段，可通过脸型让人工智能发现罕见的疾病。Passage 3 在家准备一个急救箱，并详细说明了急救箱中的具体物品 Passage 4 文章介绍了一万年前灭绝的剑齿虎与现代虎的区别 Passage 5 中学时老师 Mrs.Clara 通过一种特别的方式教育了作弊的孩子 Passage 6 说明衣服名牌标签的产生，对现实的影响 Passage1 Sometimes modern problems require ancien
2、t solutions.A 1,400-year-old Peruvian method of diverting water could supply up to 40,000 Olympic-size swimming pools worth of water to Lima each year.It is one 1 of how ancient methods could support existing modern ones in countries without enough water.Man-made reservoirs store rainwater and water
3、 overflow for use during dries times.But reservoirs are costly,require years to plan and can still 2 to meet water needs.Perus capital,Lima,depends on water from rivers high in the Andes Mountains.It takes only a few days for water to flow down to the city.So when the dry season begins in the mounta
4、ins,the water supply quickly disappears.The city 3 this with modern structures such as man-made reservoirs.These reservoirs are not the only solution,4 .Over a thousand years ago,indigenous people developed another way to solve water problems.Water diverted,5 .The 1,400-year-old system is designed t
5、o increase the water supply during the dry season by diverting and slowing water as it travels down the mountains.This 6 -based method is made of special canals that guide water from its source to a series of water bodies and hillsides.The water goes 7 into the ground,then flows downhill through the
6、 soil and 8 in water bodies near the community.Its aim was to increase the waters travel time from days to months in order to provide water throughout the day season.The researchers 9 how much the system slowed the flow of water by -2-injecting special dye in the highlands and noting when it reappea
7、red in water bodies.The dyed water started to 10 two weeks later and continued flowing for eight months a huge 11 over the hours or days it would normally take.12 increase in supply.The researchers next considered how using a larger version of the system could help Lima.They combined what they learn
8、ed in Huamantanga with the knowledge of physical 13 of Limas surroundings.The resulting estimates say the system could increase Limas dry-season water supply by 7.5 percent overall and up to 33 percent at the start of the dry season.The system is also 14 sound.Ochoa-Tocachi,a researcher,estimated th
9、at building canals similar to those in Huamantanga would cost 10 times less than building a reservoir of the same size.He also said former highland societies in other parts of the world had methods for diverting and slowing water flow.And,they could use these methods today to support their 15 modern
10、 methods.1Asign Bexample Cexplanation Dtheory 2Amanage Bfail Coperate Dwork 3Aequips Bfinances Cresolves Dconstructs 4Afurthermore Bhowever Ctherefore Dmoreover 5Apromoted Bdistributed Cdried Ddelayed 6Anature Beconomy Cwelfare Dtechnology 7Aswiftly Bdeeply Cslowly Drightly 8Areappears Breserves Cre
11、verses Dresumes 9Aforetold Bmeasured Cestimated Dassumed 10Afreeze Bfade Csurface Dflow 11Apriority Bdecline Cconcern Dimprovement 12AConsiderate BSlight CPredictable DSizable 13Apersonalities Bqualities Caltitudes Dpopulations 14Ageologically Bsocially Cgeographically Deconomically 15Asimpler Bcost
12、lier Cbetter Dsafer Passage2 -3-Face shape lets AI spot rare disorders People with genetic syndromes sometimes have revealing facial features but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis can be 16 given there are hundreds of possible conditions they may have.A new neural network that analyses
13、photographs of faces can help doctors 17 the possibilities.Yaron Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built neural network to look at the overall impression of faces and 18 a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have.They 19 the neural network,called Deep
14、Gestalt,on17,000 images correctly labelled to match more than 200 genetic syndromes.The team then asked the Al to 20 potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photos of people with such conditions.It included the correct answer among its list of 10 responses 91 per cent of the time.Gurovich and
15、 his team also 21 the neural networks ability to distinguish between the different genetic mutations(变异)that can lead to the same syndrome.They used photographs of people with Noonan syndrome,which can result from mutations in any one of five genes.DeepGestalt correctly identified the genetic source
16、 of the physical appearance 64 per cent of the time.Its clearly not 22 but its still much better than humans are at trying to do this.As the system makes its assessments,the facial regions that were most helpful in the determination are 23 and made available for doctors to view.This helps them to un
17、derstand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance.The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions about 24 .If faces can reveal details about genetics,then employers and insurance providers could,in principle,secretly use such techniques to 25 ag
18、ainst people who have a high probability of having certain disorders.26 ,Gurovich says the tool will only be available for use by clinicians.This technique could bring 27 to those who have genetic syndromes.The real value here is that for some of these ultra-rare diseases,the 28 of diagnosis can be
19、many,many years.This kind of technology can help narrow down the search space and then 29 the diagnosis through checking genetic markers.For some diseases,it will cut down the time to diagnosis dramatically.For others,it could perhaps add means of finding other people with the disease and,30 help fi
20、nd new treatments or -4-cures.16Aconvincing Btricky Creliable Dfeasible 17Abring about Bresult from Cnarrow down Drule out 18Areturn Binput Ctop Dfeed 19Abased Bimposed Cfocused Dtrained 20Aidentify Bdistinguish Cshift Dcure 21Atested Bdemonstrated Crecognized Dacquired 22Aacceptable Bperfect Crelia
21、ble Dworkable 23Acovered Bexcluded Chighlighted Dsupervised 24Aobjectivity Baccuracy Ccredibility Dprivacy 25Adiscriminate Bfight Cargue Dvote 26AFurthermore BTherefore COtherwise DHowever 27Achallenges Bbenefits Cdamages Dconcerns 28Atreatment Bresponse Cremedy Dprocess 29Areplied Bconfirmed Celimi
22、nated Daddressed 30Aby contrast Bin turn Cin addition Don the contrary Passage3 Every family should have an emergency kit in their home.If there is an earthquake or a hurricane,for example,there could be a 31 cut,or the water could get polluted.You might be 32 at your home for several days because o
23、f a storm or a flood.Having an emergency kit 33 could help if anything like this 34 .Your emergency kit might include the following 35 :The first aid kit should include alcohol,cotton wool,bandages,painkillers,clean bottled water and burn ointment.It is 36 to keep non-perishable(不易腐坏的)food supplies.
24、In other words,food that wont spoil(变质)out of the fridge,such as canned food.There should be 37 food for three days.It is better if the food does not have to be cooked.Dont 38 the can opener!Its a good 39 for each family member to have a 40 change of clothes,including -5-waterproof shoes and a rainc
25、oat,as well as some warm blankets in case you have to 41 outdoors,just as if you were camping!Other things you can 42 the kit are:flashlight and spare batteries,paper and pencils,mobile radio,matches and candles.Dont forget these things need to be checked regularly(定期地)to be sure that they 43 well.C
26、heck the expiry(期满)44 on any canned food.You can also put in a backpack some of the things that are 45 to you,such as a toy or something else that you care about.31Apaper Bprice Cknife Dpower 32Arelaxed Balone Cstuck Dfree 33Aclean Bprepared Copen Dpaid 34Ahappens Bchanges Cstops Dchooses 35Aplans B
27、tips Cdisasters Dsupplies 36Aunspeakable Breusable Cadvisable Dadmirable 37Asome Benough Chot Ddelicious 38Aforget Bbring Ctry Dbuy 39Adream Bexcuse Cidea Dchance 40Asudden Bdaily Cspare Dreal 41Asleep Btour Crun Dcook 42Atake in Bget in Cturn in Dput in 43Aplay Bwork Cdeliver Dknow 44Adate Bnotice
28、Claw Dvalue 45Aboring Bimportant Cnew Dacceptable Passage4 The Smilodon and the Tiger The smilodon(剑齿虎)died out probably about ten thousand years ago.46 it is also known as the saber-toothed tiger,it was not a 47 relative of the modem tiger.The more scientists 48 the two big cats,the more 49 they fi
29、nd.Tigers are not 50 animals.They generally travel by themselves.The smilodon,on the other hand,probably 51 in groups.Tigers run fast while 52 their prey(猎物).But the smilodon,-6-with much 53 tails than todays tigers,did not have the balance to run at 54 speeds.It probably caught its prey by 55 quiet
30、ly until an animal came near.Then,the smilodon would 56 its prey.Another main difference between todays tiger and the smilodon is the size of the smilodons 57 .It is known as a saber-toothed cat 58 two huge teeth that grew from the top of its jaw(颌).These teeth grew up to nearly 18 cm long and were
31、easily 59 and damaged.The smilodon probably used the teeth to bite into 60 parts of its preys body,such as its stomach.A modem tigers teeth are much smaller,but they are 61 .The smilodon lived in North and South America from about two million years ago until about ten thousand years ago.Tigers,62 ,s
32、till exist today and live in eastern and southeastern Asia.No one knows for sure why the smilodon 63 .However,scientists do know that many of todays tiger species are in danger of 64 because of human activity.So it is important to 65 tigers and many other animals.46AAlthough BAs CIf DOr 47Aclose Bbe
33、loved Cyoung Dhealthy 48Awatch Bstudy Ccatch Dsave 49Afun Bproblems Cdanger Ddifferences 50Acute Bsmall Csociable Dnormal 51Aarrived Blived Clearned Dwaited 52Akilling Bsharing Chunting Dfrightening 53Aolder Bthicker Cbrighter Dshorter 54Alow Btop Csimilar Dreduced 55Ahiding Bescaping Creturning Dpr
34、acticing 56Afollow Btest Clocate Dsurprise 57Atail Bears Cteeth Dhead 58Aexcept for Bbecause of Cinstead of Dalong with 59Abroken Breplaced Cfound Dcleaned 60Agood Bdirty Cwarm Dsoft 61Awhiter Bprettier Cstronger Dwider -7-62Aat first Bof course Cas a result Dat last 63Astopped Bchanged Cdeveloped D
35、disappeared 64Adying out Bcoming back Crunning off Dmoving around 65Atrain Bfeed Cprotect Dvisit Passage5 Some ten years ago,I was studying in a middle school in London.One day,Mrs.Clara gave a math 66 to our class.When the papers were 67 ,she found that twelve boys had made 68 the same mistakes in
36、the test.There is 69 new about cheating in 70 .Perhaps that was why Mrs.Clara didnt 71 say one word about it.She only asked the twelve boys to 72 after class.I was one of the twelve.Mrs.Clara asked no questions,and she didnt 73 us,either.Instead,she wrote the 74 words on the blackboard:On your way h
37、ome you find some 75 and youre completely sure that you will never be found out.Later someone comes to ask you if you have 76 some money he lost.What will you do?She then ordered us to write down the 77 ,and asked us to take our whole lives to try to find out our own 78 to it.I dont know about the o
38、ther eleven 79 .Speaking for myself I can say:it was the most 80 single thing of my life.81 ,I have been asking this question to myself when I have to make a 82 .Because of this,Mrs.Clara has become the most 83 teacher for me in my whole life.I often think of this:if Mrs.Clara had scolded us as many
39、 other 84 often did,would I go on 85 every day?66Aassignment Btest Cmotto Dimage 67Amarked Bgathered Cdistributed Dsimplified 68Acorrectly Bfrankly Cslightly Dexactly 69Asomething Banything Cnothing Deverything 70Aexams Bsituations Csayings Dsubjects -8-71Aalways Bonce Ceven Dnever 72Akneel Bstay Cs
40、tand Dpunish 73Asuspect Binstruct Cscold Dobey 74Afollowing Babove Clong Dshort 75Awine Btime Cmoney Dadvice 76Aabandoned Bfound Cwitnessed Dtouched 77Aproposal Binstruction Cexperience Dquestion 78Aanswer Breflection Caccess Dappreciation 79Apeople Bchildren Cstrangers Dreceivers 80Aqualified Bwort
41、hwhile Cimportant Doutstanding 81AThan ever BBack then CTill then DSince then 82Apromise Bmistake Cdefense Ddecision 83Aunbearable Bunforgettable Cincurable Dunconventional 84Ateachers Bchiefs Cstudents Dworkmates 85Aselecting Bmisunderstanding Cpunishing Dcheating Passage6 The designer,Charles Fred
42、erick Worth(1825-95),was the first to sew labels into the clothes that he created.Because of this and his international fame,Worth is generally considered to be the father of 86 ,which started in the late 19th century.Before then,making clothes was mainly done by 87 dressmakers whose clothes were in
43、fluenced by what people were wearing at the French royal court.Worth,originally from England,moved to France in 1846,where he enjoyed considerable success with the nobility.Since then,there have been even greater successes for other designers,such as Chanel and Armani and those 88 the younger,trendi
44、er market,for example,Tommy Hilfiger.Currently the fashion industry relies more on mass-market sales than on 89 designs.Some well-known designers have even teamed up with international high street shops who want to add a luxury product to their range.90 ,the London branch of H&M,a clothing company f
45、rom Stockholm,has started selling cut-price clothes by high-fashion designers.Recently,hundreds of people 91 outside for up to 12 hours to buy clothes designed by Lanvin!Some camped there overnight,even though at the time England was -9-experiencing an extremely cold winter.Is this 92 to labelled go
46、ods really worth all the trouble?An article in The Economist suggests labelled clothes really do 93 the wearers.It quotes research from Tilburg University,in the Netherland,which explains that such clothes bring status and even job recommendations,but only when the label is 94 !The universitys first
47、 research experiment involved photos of a man wearing a polo shirt.The photos were digitally 95 so that one shirt had no logo,another had a luxury-designer logo and the third had a non-luxury logo.On a five-point scale for status,the luxury designer logo rated 3.5,no logo rated 2.91 and the non-luxu
48、ry logo came last,rated 2.84.It seems it may be better to have no logo at all than to have the 96 logo!In another experiment,people watched one of two videos of a job interview of the same man.In one,his shirt had a luxury logo on it,in the other it didnt.The man with the logo was rated more 97 the
49、job and even received a recommendation for a 9%higher salary!The research concluded that like a peacocks tail,designer labels are seen as 98 of superior status:the peacock with the best tail gets all the girls.But while a peacock cant make his tail look more attractive,it seems humans can 99 their s
50、tatus by using design labels.And by doing so,the way we 100 each others status may be seriously wrong!86Aluxury industry Bmodern art Cfashion design Dmarket economy 87Ainfluential Bfamous Ccreative Dunknown 88Aappealing to Bpersisting in Ccomplaining of Dexperimenting on 89Aexclusive Blatest Ccompli